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From an obscure term in an equation to a headline discovery – and beyond
John EllisKing’s College London
(& CERN)
Different Scales for Higgs Physics
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The (G)AEBHGHKMP’tH Mechanism
The only one
who mentioned a
massive scalar boson
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Why a Higgs Boson is Needed• Trouble with WW scattering: M ~ E2
uncontrollable infinities in loop diagrams
• can be cancelled by
• scalar exchange
with HWW couplings
• Need new physics @ TeV scale
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2011: Combining Information from Previous Direct Searches and Indirect Data
mH = 125 ± 10 GeV Gfitter collaboration
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• CMS γγ and ZZ* measurements consistent
Higgs Mass Measurements
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• Tension in ATLAS γγ and ZZ* measurements
Higgs Mass Measurements
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Quite consistent: Δχ2 ~ 1.5
Comparison with Electroweak Fit
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Theoretical Constraints on Higgs Mass
• Large Mh → large self-coupling → blow up at low-energy scale Λ due to renormalization
• Small: renormalization due to t quark drives quartic coupling < 0at some scale Λ→ vacuum unstable
• Vacuum could be stabilized by SupersymmetryDegrassi, Di Vita, Elias-Miro, Giudice, Isodori & Strumia, arXiv:1205.6497
Instability @
1010 – 1013 GeV
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Vacuum Instability in the Standard Model
• Very sensitive to mt as well as MH
• Present vacuum probably metastable with lifetime >> age of the Universe
Degrassi, Di Vita, Elias-Miro, Giudice, Isodori & Strumia, arXiv:1205.6497
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• What is it?–Higgs or …?
• What else is there?–Supersymmetry …?
• What next?–A Higgs factory or …?
Some Questions
Supersymmetricmodel fits
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Elementary Higgs or Composite?
• Higgs field:
<0|H|0> ≠ 0• Quantum loop problems
• Fermion-antifermion condensate
• Just like QCD, BCS superconductivity
• Top-antitop condensate? needed mt > 200 GeV
New technicolour force?-Heavy scalar resonance?-Inconsistent with precision electroweak data?
Cut-off Λ ~ 1 TeV with
Supersymmetry?
e.g., cutoff
Λ = 10 TeV
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Higgs as a Pseudo-Goldstone
Boson
Loop cancellation mechanism
SupersymmetryLittle Higgs
‘Little Higgs’ models
(breakdown of larger symmetry)
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• Assume custodial symmetry:
• Parameterize gauge bosons by 2 × 2 matrix Σ:
• Coefficients a = c = 1 in Standard Model
Phenomenological Framework
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Global Analysis of Higgs-like Models
• Rescale couplings: to bosons by a, to fermions by c
• Standard Model: a = c = 1 JE & Tevong You, arXiv:1303.3879
b bbarτ τγ γW WZ ZGlobal
No evidence for
deviation from SM
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It Walks and Quacks like a Higgs
• Do couplings scale ~ mass? With scale = v?
• Red line = SM, dashed line = best fitJE & Tevong You, arXiv:1303.3879
Global
fit
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Loop Corrections ?
• ATLAS sees excess in γγ, CMS sees deficit
• Loop diagrams ~ Standard Model?JE & Tevong You, arXiv:1303.3879
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What else is there?• Higher-dimensional operators as relics of higher-
energy physics?
• Operators constrained by SU(2) × U(1) symmetry:
• Constrain using LHC +
Tevatron Higgs
measurements
Corbett, Eboli & Gonzalez2
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What else is there?
Combine Higgs coupling
measurements with constraints on anomalous
triple-gauge boson couplings
Corbett, Eboli & Gonzalez2
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What else is there?Constraints from energy dependence of
Higgs production cross section on
JE, Sanz & You, arXiv:1303.0208 Λ > ~ 250 GeV
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What else is there?
Supersymmetry• Successful prediction for Higgs mass
– Should be < 130 GeV in simple models
• Successful predictions for Higgs couplings– Should be within few % of SM values
• Could explain the dark matter
• Naturalness, GUTs, string, … (???)
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MSSM Higgs Masses & Couplings
Lightest Higgs mass
up to ~ 130 GeV
Heavy Higgs masses
quite close
Consistent
With LHC
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“Classic” missing-energy search
Searches ~ 5/fb @ 8 TeVSearches with 8 TeV Data
Multiple searches including b, leptons
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5
p-value of simple models < 10%
2
Scan of CMSSM
Impacts of searches
with full 2012 data
Update of Buchmueller et al: arXiv:1207.3715
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51
Favoured values of gluino mass significantly
above pre-LHC, > 1.5 TeV
Gluino mass
Update of Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:1207.3715
CMSSM
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Favoured values of dark matter scattering
cross section significantly below XENON100
5
--- 1/fb___ 5/fb
Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:1207.3715
Spin-independent
Dark matter scattering
Excluded by
XENON100
Excluded by LHC
2
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What Next: A Higgs Factory?
To study the ‘Higgs’ in detail:•The LHC
– Rethink LHC upgrades in this perspective?
•A linear collider?– ILC up to 500 GeV– CLIC up to 3 TeV
(Larger cross section at higher energies)
•A circular e+e- collider: LEP3, TLEP– A photon-photon collider: SAPPHiRE
•A muon collider
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What Higgs Factory?
New large tunnel
could also be used
for pp collisions
ECM up to 100 TeV
TLEP Steering Group, arXiv:1208.0504, 1305.6498, 1306.5981
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Possible Layouts for TLEP
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Comparison of Possible HiggsFactory Measurements
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• Predictions of current best fits in simple SUSY models
• Current uncertainties in SM calculations [LHC Higgs WG]
• Comparisons with– LHC– HL-LHC– ILC– TLEP
• Don’t decide before LHC 13/4
Impact of Higgs Factory?
Supersymmetricmodel fits
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Part of a Vision for the Future• A large circular tunnel
– Circumference ~ 80 to 100 km
• Could accommodate TLEP and VHE-LHC– ECM up to 100 TeV with 15 Tesla magnets
• Could be sited around Geneva– Interest in China, US
• TLEP Study Group under way
• Timely to study VHE-LHC
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Conversation with Mrs Thatcher: 1982
What do you do?
Think of things for the experiments to look
for, and hope they find something different
Wouldn’t it be better if they
found what
you predicted?
Then we would not know how to progress!