ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1989
FISHERIES RESEARCII INSTITUTE, 11700 GELUGOR, PENANG.
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE,
MALAYSIA.
AUGUST 1990.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Organization
1.2. Posts
CONTENTS
1.3. Research facilities
2. RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATIONS
2.1. Aquaculture Research
2.2. Resource Research
2.3. Ecology Research
3. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
3.1. Aquaculture Research
3.2. Resource Research
3.3. Aquatic Ecology Research
4. MAINTENANCE & DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS
5. PUBLICATIONS & REPORTS
6. NEW STAFFF/TRANSFERS ETC.
7. VISITS/VISITORS
8. MEETINGS/SEMINARS/LECTURES/TRAINING COURSES
APPENDIX 1
PAGE
1
5
6
7
8
9
11
13
14
14
49
77
83
87
97
99
103
114
1. INTRODUCTION
FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE MALAYSIA
11700 GELUGOR, PENANG
ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1989
Fisheries research and development continued to progress
during the year 1989. In the field of aquaculture, the major
achievements included significant improvements in the hatchery
technology for both marine shrimps (penaeids) and the freshwater
prawn at the National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre in
Kampung Pulau Sayak, Kedah; the successful induced breeding of
several indigenous and exotic fish species at the Freshwater Fish
Research Centre, Batu Berendam, Melaka and preliminary success in
the captive spawning of the grouper at the Marine Finfish Propa
gation Centre, Tanjung Demong, Terengganu. The fish species that
have been spawned for the first time in captivity in Malaysia
include the Giant River Carp (Probarbus jullieni), the Sebarau
(Hampala macrolepidota), the Pacu, (Colossoma sp.) and the
grouper (Epinephelus suillus) ..
1
The total number of prawn postlarvae/juveniles of both
marine shrimp (Penaeus monodon, ~ Jnerguiensis) and the giant
freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) produced as a by
product from the research activity nearly doubled from the previ
ous year's figure to over 130 million, while the total number of
finfish fry of various species, mainly freshwater species pro
duced at the Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre in Batu Beren
dam, Melaka were over 2.5 million.
In grow-out operation the mono-sex culture of Red
and monoculture of udang galah in Batu Berendam produced
crops ranging from 9.0-10.7 tonnes/ha/yr for the fish
record production of 3.2 tonnes/ha/yr for the prawn.
Tilapia
bumper
and a
In the research on mollusc culture, the first successful
culture of the cockle (An9da~9. granosa) in Sarawak was carried
out in Kuala Salak, with seeds transplanted from Peninsular
Malaysia. Several new
(Perna viridis) were
spat collection areas
identified in Kedah and
for the
Malacca.
mussel
with
support from the Bay of Bengal Fisheries Development Programme,
significant quantities of oyster spats were collected in Batu
Lintang, Kedah and Telaga Nenas, Perak (Crassostrea belcheri in
both areas), and also in sungai Merchang and Kuala setiu in
Terengganu (Crassostrea iredalei), and the culture of these
oysters appears to have considerable potential. Spat collection
and culture of the oyster (O~t;.rea folium) also continued to make
progress in the Langkawi area.
2
In the field of fisheries resource research, the demersal
fish resource survey conducted off the coasts of Peninsular
Malaysia and the monitoring of landings of commercial vessels at
various fishing ports, together with biological studies, indicate
a declining trend for the coastal fish stocks, hence the need for
conservation and resource enhancement.
The study on the use of spotlights by purse seine vessels
provided evidence that light is more effective than the tradi
tional "tuas" in aggregating fish. Vessels using spotlights were
observed to land higher catches.
With the granting of licences for vessels for the bottom
dredging of carpet clam, Paphia undulata, off Kedah, monitoring
on catch and effort data were started. It is hoped that the
information obtained could provide the scientific basis for the
rational exploitation of the valuable resource on a sustained
basis.
In aquatic ecology and pollution studies, the programme
included the further development of artificial reefs to enhance
fisheries resources and evaluation for effectiveness of various
reef construction materials. The studies on the ecology of natu
ral reefs provide information on their productivity and species
diversity.
Commercial scale cockle depuration has been demonstrated to
be feasible. The levels of bacterial contamination could be
reduced to accepted levels within 24 hours. Monitoring of heavy
3
metals in the coastal environment indicates that fish and shell
fish from our waters are relatively free from such contamination.
There is little cause for concern from the consumers' view
point.
The Institute's research seminar during the year was held in
Melaka from 28 - 30 June. Technical papers covering all aspects
of fisheries research were presented. The titles of the papers
are listed in the Publications/Reports section.
In 1989, the cost of running the Institute, together with
its branches (Appendix 1) in Johor (Brackishwater Aquaculture Re
search Centre, Gelang Patah); Terengganu (Marine Fish Resource
Research Centre, K. Terengganu); Melaka (Freshwater Fisheries
Research Centre, Batu Berendam) i and Kedah (National Prawn Fry
Production & Research Centre, Kg. Pulau Sayak) but not including
the centre in Sarawak (Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa)
amounted to approximately $5.5 million. Research and Development
expenditure for the year totalled just over $3.1 million.
Although occasional difficulties were encountered with the
operating budget, the research and development allocation for the
year was quite adequate. Accordingly, most of the research
projects were implemented without much financial constraint. The
increased development funding in recent years is in line with
the government's policy of intensification of research in priori
ty areas.
4
1.1. ORGANIZATION
The Institute comprises 3 research sections, viz. Resource,
Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture (Appendix 2).
The Resource section consists of the Demersal, Pelagic and
Fishing Gear Technology units - all based in Glugor - and the
Marine Fish Resource Research Centre situated in Kuala
nu, Terengganu. It also works very closely with
Fisheries Research Centre located at Bintawa, Sarawak.
Terengga
the Marine
The Aquatic Ecology section comprises the Conservation and
Pcllution units, both based in Glugor, Penang. It also works
very closely with the Institute's Centre in Kuala Terengganu in
the implementation of the artificial reef and marine park
projects.
The Aquaculture Section consists of the Mariculture unit
based in Glugor, Penang; the Freshwater unit based in Batu Beren
dam, Melakai the Brackishwater unit situated in Gelang Patah,
Johor and the National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre in
Kg. Pulau Sayak, Kedah.
The Institute also maintains a research component in the
Department's Marine Finfish Fry Production Centre located in
Tanjung Demong, Terengganu and provides the technical support in
the mass production of Lates calcarifer fry at the Centre, as
well as in research on the artificial propagation of the grouper
Epinephelus sp.
5
1.2. POSTS
In 1989, the Institute had a total of 522 posts comprising
499 permanent and 23 temporary posts.
Director of Research 1
Aquaculture section Head 1
Mariculture unit 39
Freshwater Centre 124
Brackishwater Centre 38
National Prawn Centre 73
Resource section Head 1
Demersal Unit, inc. Gear 42 Technology
Pelagic Unit, Glugor 9
Kuala Terengganu Centre 30
Bintawa Centre 85
Ecology section Head 1
Conservation unit 22
Pollution unit 15
General Adminstration/ Technical Services Section 38
TOTAL 522
6
However not all the posts were filled. Several staff mem-
bers were away on long study leave and available staff had to be
redeployed in order to enable project implementation to be car
ried out as efficiently as possible. The problem resulting from
lack of crew members of the various research vessels was most
critical as the job could not be done by unqualified personnel.
The shortage affected the smooth implementation of several sea-
based research projects. It was however to some extent alleviat-
ed by the use of commercial fishing vessels on a rental basis.
1.3. RESEARCH FACILITIES
The research vessels, K.K. "MERSUJI", K.K. "PELALING", K.K.
"KERAPU" and K.K. "JENAHAK" were based in Glugor, Penang; K. K.
"SENANGIN" in K. Terengganu, and the K.K. "MANCHONG" and K. K.
"MALONG" in Kuching, Sarawak. These vessels were adequately
equipped to carry out the research and field operations relating
to fisheries resource assessment, aquaculture, artificial reef
construction and monitoring, and marine pollution. Full deploy
ment of these vessels was however not possible as a result of
crew shortage.
Shore-based research facilities at the Institute and all its
branches were considerably improved with the provision of R&D
funding. The construction of the Phase Two Extension to the
7
Marine Finfish Fry Production Centre in Tanjung Demong, Terengga
nu is expected to considerably increase the capability of the
Institute in the field of larviculture of marine finfish, par
ticularly Lates calcarifer and Epinephelus spp.. However, the
Institute was still handicapped by the lack of proper laboratory
space particularly in the Institute's headquarters at Glugor,
Penang. It is envisaged that this problem will soon be overcome
with the implementation of the newly-approved project for the
modernization of fisheries research facilities. A new research
cum administrative complex is currently being planned for con
struction in Batu Maung, Penang, next to the Institut Latihan
Perikanan Malaysia.
2. RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATIONS
The overall research programme is geared towards the proper
development and management of the fisheries sector (including
aquaculture), in line with Government Policies, and in particu
lar, the National Agriculture Policy.
The main research projects undertaken by the various sec
tions/Centres of the Institute during the year 1989 are listed as
follows according to the respective units and the officers in
volved:
8
2.1 AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
A. MARl CULTURE UNIT, GLUGOR, PENANG.
2.1.1
2.1. 2
2.1. 3
2.1. 4
2.1. 5
2.1. 6
Artificial propagation of Lates calcarifer (Ali Awang, Mahdom Ibrahim).
Broodstock maturation and spawning of Epinephelus sp. (Ali Awang, Mahdom Ibrahim) .
culture of live food organisms (Ali Awang, Ng Fong Oon) .
Cockle transplantation (Ng Fong Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair, Ong Kah Sin) .
Mussel culture (Ng Fong Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair, Ong Kah Sin) .
Oyster Zaman,
culture,and transplantation (Ng Fong Devakie N2tr, Ong Kah Sin).
Don, Kamal
2.1.7 Fish Disease (Md. Akhir Arshad).
2.1.8 Seaweed culture (Ramli bin Saad).
2.1.9 Technical support for coastal finfish hatchery operations in Tanjung Demong, Terengganu (Munir Hj. Nawi, Nik Razali Nik Lah).
B. NATIONAL PRAWN FRY PRODUCTION' RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAH
2.1.10 Culture of live food organisms (Faazaz Abd Latiff and Rashidah Mat Resat) .
2.1.11 Maturation studies of Penaeus monodon (Faazaz A. Latiff and the Japanese Expert Mr. S. Makinouchi).
2.1.12 Culture monodon Sayuti) .
and maintenance of pond grown brood stock (K. Subramanian, Liong pit Chong and
of £. Safiah
2.1.13 Larviculture of marine shrimp (V. Palanisamy, Faazaz A. Hatta Hj Latiff, Fariduddin Othman and Muhamad
Mahmud) .
2.1.14 Larviculture of the Giant Malaysian Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Yaakob Ahmad and Zainoddin Jamari) .
9
2.1.15 Nursery management and fry transportation (othman Muhamad and Muhamad Hatta Hj Mahmud).
2.1.16 Open water stocking (Othman Muhamad & Liong pit Chong).
2.1.17 Feed formulation (Che utama b. Che Musa, Zainoddin Jamari and the Japanese expert Mr. T. Yoshimitsu).
2.1.18 Pathology and water Faazaz Abd. Latiff and
quality studies (V. Liong Pit Chong).
D. BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE RESEARCH CENTRE, JOHOR.
2.1.19 Penaeid prawn culture (Chuah Toh Thye).
2.1.20 Finfish culture (Ramli Khamis).
2.1.21 Feed formulation (Ismail bin Abu Hassan).
2.1.22 Water and pond chemistry (Rosly Hassan).
2.1.23 Disease studies (Fauzidah Othman).
2.1.24 Aquaculture engineering (Hambal Hanafi).
C. FRESHWATER FISH RESEARCH CENTRE, MELAKA.
Palanisamy,
2.1.25 Breeding of indigeous fishes (Ahmad Ashhar Othman & Mohamad zaini Suleiman).
2.1.26 Breeding of exotic fishes (Ahmad Ashhar Othman & Mohamad zaini SUleiman).
2.1.27 Breeding of catfishes (Thalathiah Hj. Saidin).
2.1.28 Genetics and breeding of Tilapia (Jamaludin Ibrahim & Chuah Hean Peng) .
2.1.29 Breeding and culture of ornamental fishes (Chuah Hean Peng) .
2.1.30 Pond-culture of the Tilapia (S. Pathmasothy) .
2.1.31 Pond-culture of prawns (Nik Razali Nik Lah) .
2.1.32 Culture of live food organisms (siti Azamah bte. Hj. Mustapha) .
10
2.1.33 Fish nutrition and feed additives (S. Pathmasotthy & Maznah Othman).
2.1.34 Fish disease - diagnosis and control (Siti Zahrah Abdullah) .
2.1.35 Fishery development of reservoirs (Zulkafli A. Rashid).
2.1.36 Fisheries research in the National Agriculture Park, Shah Alam (Zulkafli A. Rashid).
2.1.37 Water quality in aquaculture ( Maznah Othman).
2.2 RESOURCE RESEARCH
A. RESOURCE SECTION, GLUGOR, PENANG
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
Demersal coast o.-t' Pong) .
fish survey in the coastal waters' off the Peninsular Malaysia (Alias b. Man, Lui
Penaeid prawn survey in the coastal waters off the coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Mohd.Taupek bin Hj. Nasir, Lui Yean Pong).
west Yean
west Mohd.
study on the diurnal variation in the catch of prawns in the waters off Pantai Remis, Perak Taupek b. Hj. Mohd. Nasir, Ibrahim b. Johari).
penaeid (Mohd.
study on the catches of the 2-boat II kenka II nets from Kuala Kurau (Mohd. Taupek b. Hj. Mohd. Nasir, Ibrahim b. Johari) .
Study on the carpet clam Paphia undulata, at sungai Batu, Kedah (Mohd. Taupek b. Hj. Mohd. Nasir).
Biological studies on selected pelagic fish species on the west coast of P. Malaysia (Mansor b. Mat Isa).
2.2.7 Monitoring of catches from cuttlefish traps (Bubu Sotong Arus) from Kedah/Perlis (Samsudin b. Basir).
2.2.8 Chemotaxonomic study of fish/prawns/cephalopods (Samsudin b. Basir).
2.2.9 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of fish purse seine boats (Chee Phaik Ean) .
2.2.10 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of anchovy purse seine boats (Chee Phaik Ean) .
11
2.2.11 study on the resource and biology of tuna (Chee Phaik Ean, Lui Yean Pong) .
2.2.12 Monitoring and analysis of the commercial trawl landings and catch composition from selected landing centres on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Chee Phaik Ean, Lui Yean Pong) .
2.2.13 Biological studies on the penaeid prawn Metapenaeus affinis in the coastal waters of Kedah (Alias b. Man)
2.2.14 Studies on the recruitment of Penaeus merguiensis in the estuarine waters of Kuala Sepetang, Perak (Alias b. Man, Lui Yean Pong).
2.2.15 Experimental trials with pair trawl nets (Rosidi b. Ali).
2.2.16 comparative studies on the efficiency of 2-seam, 4-seam and 6-seam trawl nets (Rosidi b. Ali).
B. MARINE FISH RESOURCE RESEARCH CENTRE, TERBNGGANU
2.2.17 Effectiveness of payao as FADs (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan) .
2.2.18 Tuna landings in Terengganu (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan) .
2.2.19 Studies on the landings of trawl fishing and purse seine fisheries (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan).
2.2.20 Catch composition of purse seiners in East Coast (Azman bin Said) .
2.2.21 Prawn resource studies (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim).
2.2.22 Coastal fisheries oceanography (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar) .
2.2.23 Artificial reef development (Sukarno bin wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin) .
. 2.2.24 Turtle conservation (Sukarno bin wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin) .
2.2.25 Collection and transplantation of oyster spats.
12
C. MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH CENTRE, BINTAWA, SARAWAK
2.2.26 Demersal fish resource survey in the EEZ waters off Sarawak. (Albert Chuan Gambang & Richard Rumpet) .
2.2.27 Trial and development of Trawl Gear (Albert Chuan Gambang & Mikio Wakamatsu) .
2.2.28 Artificial spawning of terubok (Tenualosa toli) in Sarawak (Yong Ai Hua) .
2.2.29 Experiments with fish aggregating devices in the offshore waters of Sarawak (Hadil Rajali & Richard Rumpet) .
2.2.30 Landing of tuna fishes in Sarawak (Richard Rumpet & Hadil Rajali) .
2.2.31 Artificial reef development in Sarawak (Ismaili bin Bujang Pit) .
2.2.32 A prelimnary study of the suitability of the area around the Sematan river in Sarawak for tiger prawn farming (Mohammed Mohidin~ .
2.2.33 Cockle transplantation and culture (Mohammed Mohidin & George Chong).
2.2.34 Mussel (Perna viridis) culture (Mohammed Mohidin).
2.3 ECOLOGY RESEARCH
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2'.3.5
2.3.6
Research on artificial reef development (Wong Abdul Razak Latun, Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah, Mohd. Rajuddin & Wan Portiah Hamzah) .
Fai Hung, Kushairi
study of the status of marine parts and ecology natural reefs (Wong Fai Hung, Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah Abdul Razak Latun).
of and
study of the sea-grass ecology (Mohd. Kushairi Raj uddin and Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah) .
Postharvest handling of fishery products (Wan Portiah Hamzah and Velu Murugan) .
Monitoring of heavy metals in shellfish and sediment (Shahunthala Devi and Wan Portiah Hamzah) .
Toxicity screening of oil dispersants and pesticides (Rohani Ibrahim, Velu Murugan, Shahunthala Devi and Wan Portiah) .
13
3. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
3.1 AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
A. MARICULTURE UNIT (GLUGOR, PENANG)
3.1.1 Artificial propagation of Lates calcarifer
The larviculture of the giant sea perch (Lates calcarifer)
was continued, using h~tchlings from the Marine Finfish Hatchery
in Tanjung Demong. A total of 4.35 million I-day old hatchlings
were received for larviculture.
From these hatchlings, slightly over 220,000 fry (2 - 3 cm)
were produced.
farmers, 2,500
Out of these, 55,400 fry were distributed to
fry to the Freshwater Fish Research Centre
(PPIAT), in Batu Berendam and 163,000 were released in waters off
Batu Uban, Glugor, Sg. Kuala Muda and pulau Jerejak, under the
coastal/inland fisheries restocking programme.
The fry production would have been higher if not for 2
consignments of I-day old larvae which were almost totally wiped
out due to disease, and one consignment which experienced more
tnan 80% mortality because of stress during transport.
Plans were being made to improve the quality of the seawater
supply to the research hatchery, including the installation of a
14
suitable ultraviolet irradiation unit. These improvements are
expected to result in higher and more consistent larviculture
yields in the near future.
3.1.2 Broodstock maturation and spawning of ~ine~hel~s Spa
Broodstock maturation of grouper (Epinephelus spp.) was
carried out in relatively small and shallow, 16-tonne concrete
tanks using fish obtained from Pulau Langkawi. There were howev
er no natural spawnings in the holding tanks. Induced spawning
of the fish was also not successful and further research would
be r~rried out in 1990. It is likely that deeper tanks of a
minimum of 2 m are required for grouper spawning in captivity.
3.1.3 Culture of live food organisms
Pure cultures of various algal species, including Chlorella
virginica, Tetraselmis ghui, chaetoceros calcitrans and
Isochrysis galbana were maintained and routinely produced for the
production of rotifers and as food organisms for the larval
stages of mollusk. Rotifers were used as food organisms for the
larval stages of the giant sea perch. Seedstocks of these algal
species and rotifers were supplied to private hatcheries and
universities on request as a supporting service to the aquacul
tUre industry.
15
3.1.4 Cockle Transplantation
Ten new sites were identified as suitable for cockle
transplantation during the year. These ar~as include Selat Tuba
and Selat Bagan Nyior in Pulau Langkawi, K:dah; Sg. Semilang, Sg.
Chenaam and Bukit Tambun in Penang; Lekir.n Perak; Kuala Selan
gor in Selangor: Sg. Kelichap in Johor; Kuala Salak in Sarawak
and Kg. Bebuloh Laut in Labuan.
However out of the 10 sites identi. ied, cockle seeds were
transplanted to only 2 sites viz. the Sg. Kelichap area in Johor
and Kuala Salak area .in Sarawak, as a re:;ult of the shortage of
seeds throughout the greater part of 1989. About 5000 tins of
spat were sown in an area of about 100 he;tares at Sg. Kelichap,
and about 540 tins were sown in K. SalaL.
The project at Sg. KeJichap encountered serious predation
from cockle drills (Thais sp. and Nati~:g sp.) resulting in mass
mortality. The reseeding project in Kuala Salak was implemented
3uccessfully with the participation of the Persatuan Nelayan.
:"onitoring of growth, maturity and mortality were carried out on
(t regula.r basis.
Monitoring of sites reseeded in 1988 showed that in the Sg.
Semilang area cockles attained an average length of 31.8 mm after
a culture period of 13 months from an initial mean length of 26.4
mm. In the Selat Bagan Nyior area the cockles took about 16
months to reach 31.8 mm from an initial mean length of 19.3 mm
while in Sg. Balang, the cockles took about 10 months to reach
the minimum legal size from an initial mean size of 10.8 mm.
16
Growth of cockles was rapid up to about 25-27 mm after which the
growth rate declined. This could be related to the onset of
spawning activity soon after attaining a mean size of 25 mID. The
condition indices study indicated that the cockles reached peak
spawning condition after attaining a mean size between 25-30 mm.
3.1.5 Mussel Transplantation
Transplantation of a total of 10,380 strings of mussels were
carried out in 8 states: Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Kelan
tan, Trengganu, Sarawak and the Federal Territory of Labuan. A
total of 28 sites were involved, including 13 new sites.
Good growth of mussels was recorded in Penang, Kedah, Perak
and Selangor. New spat collection sites were identified in Kuala
Sebatu, Melaka, Telaga Nenas and Kg. Bahru in Kedah. In the Sg.
Muar, Sg. Rekoh and Pasir Puteh areas, 50-250 spats/string of net
collectors were obtained.
Based on experience gained from the transplantation study,
the optimum number of strings of mussels that can be carried by
a 3-tonne lorry was about 400.
3.1.6 Oyster culture and transplantation
Experimental spat collection, transplantation and culture of
various species of oyster were initiated in various parts of the
country with financial and technical assistance from the Bay of
17
Bengal Fisheries Development Programme.
Spat collection was attempted in quite some locations
throughout the country known to have oyster spat. However only in
Merchang and Kuala Setiu, Terengganu; Batu Lintang in Kedah and
Telaga Nenas in Perak were good spat collection obtained. Sungai
Muar, long known to be a culture site with natural spat, was
found to be poor in spat probably as a result of over exploita
tion and environmental deterioration. Spat collection in Batu
Maung and Pulau Jerejak were unsuccessful as a result of heavy
biofouling.
Oyster shells and netlon were found ,to be the most suitable
cultch for spat collection especially for ~. belcheri and~.
iredalei. For Ostrea foliulli! net panels made out of cod-end
polyethylene materials were found to be most suitable. Both
floating rafts and long-lines could be utilized for hanging the
spat collectors.
ostrea folium spat collected on net panels were left to grow
to marketable size. ~. bel cheri and~. iredalei collected on
netlon tubes were removed from the collectors and cultured in
nursery bags or trays until they reached a mean size of about 3
cm after which they were transferred to grow-out trays suspended
from rafts on long-lines. Tray culture using trays suspended
from rafts or long-lines was by far the most successful method.
Transplantation to many sites was attempted. These include
Kg Kelibang, Tanjung Rhu, Teluk Yu and Pulau singa in Pulau
18
Langkawi; Batu Lintang in Kedah mainland; Batu Maung and Pulau
Jerejak in Penang; Telaga Nenas and Teluk Gedung in Peraki sungai
Muar in Johor and Sungai Linggi in Melaka. Only transplanted
oyster in Batu Lintang and Telaga Nenas grew well. In Kg. Keli
bang the transplanted spat suffered heavy mortality due to preda-
tion by Thai§ sp. and fouling caused by barnacles and
The growth of the transplanted spat was slow
Gedung.
3.1.7 Fish Disease
study of disease outbreak in paddy field fishes, a
bryozoans.
in Teluk
project
undertaken jointly with NACA, indicated that there was no appar
ent relationship between the use of pesticides and the occurrence
of fish disease. The study included monitoring of water quality
in the paddy fields, observation of fish health, and use of
pesticides and fertilizers. AerOmOnQ2 hydrophila was isolated
from the diseased fish.
The use of prophylactic and anaesthesia
transportation and their effects on survival of fish
studied. Prophylactic used included furazolidone,
during
fry were
formalin,
oxytetracycline and furanex, and the anaesthesia used was
quinoldine. Results indicated that the use of prophylactic and
anaesthesia during fish transportation increased survival rate.
The frequency of disease occurrence and the types of fish
pathogens in fish cultured in cages in Kuala Gula and Kuala
19
Kurau, Perak were studied. Fish diseases most commonly encoun
tered in the kerapu include vibriosis and parasitic infesta
tion. The prevalence of these pathogens could be due to the poor
water quality.
The cause for the mass mortality of siakap in cage culture
system fry which occurred since 1987 remained unknown. The mass
mortality during these 3 years occurred during the end of the
year till the beginning of the next year, and could be linked to
the parasitic infestation by flukes or to algal bloom. Small
fish fry were found to be more susceptible to the infestation.
3.1.8 Seaweed Culture
Spore setting of Polycavernosa changii was carried out on
raffia strings which were used as substratum for the settling of
spores. The raffia strings were wound around wooden or PVC pipe
frames which rested on tank bottoms. Cystocarpic or tetrasporic
thalli were then suspended in plastic nets placed about 20 cm
above the raffia strings. No aeration was provided in the tanks,
and the tanks were covered to exclude light for periods ranging
from 4-6 days. After that the seeded raffia strings were trans
ferred to the field for planting. The seeded raffia strings were
tied to poles planted 10 m apart. Monitoring was done weekly.
Many of the raffia strings seeded with spores were broken. The
strings
fusely
were colonized by a seaweed, Ulva sp., which
during the months from october to February.
polycavernosa was slow.
20
grew pro
Growth of
Culture of Caulerpa sp. was initiated in Belanga Pecah in
Pulau Langkawi. Experimental cultures were carried out on
transact lines and quadrats. Caulerpa was found to grow
profusely in Belanga Pecah during the dry season lasting from
January to April. Growth was negligible during the rainy months
probably as a result of the low salinity.
Simple extraction of agar from dried samples of £. changii
was attempted. By boiling the sample with a mixture of sodium
hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite, followed by subsequent filtra
tion and cooling, 30 g of agar could be obtained from 100 g of
the dry sample. The procpdure is simple enough to be adopted
by small-scale fishermen. Future effort will aim to improve the
extraction efficiency of the agar processing method used.
3.1.9 Coastal finfish hatchery operations in Tanjung Demong
a) Kerapu fry survey in Kuala setiu, Terengganu
The coastal waters off Kuala setiu were surveyed for kerapu
fry using drag nets. Kerapu fry are generally found in muddy
areas with sea grass. sites that have the greatest abundance of
kerapu had water salinity around 15 ppt, and fish size ranged
from 2.5 - 17 cm. Species that were caught include Epinephelus
malabaricus, ~. tauvina, and ~. suillus.
21
b) Larviculture of kerapu
Several attempts on the induced spawning of kerapu were
started during the year but so far only low hatching rates have
been obtained. The limited success was probably due to poor egg
quality and/or insufficient sperms from the males. There is a
need to increase the number of broodstock for future work.
Larviculture of of the small number of kerapu hatchlings
obtained has also not been very successful so far, with
mortality encountered within the first week of culture. So
only 1 larva survived more than 40 days. Further work
progress.
heavy
far
is in
c) Improvement in hatchery technology for Siakap larviculture
Mass production of siakap fry was carried out in 150 ton
tanks with a stocking density of 20 - 30 larvae/l of water.
was carried out in these tanks up to a period of 14-25 Rearing
days.
10-30
Preliminary studies indicated that an average survival of
% could be obtained. The relatively low survival could be
to insufficient feeding. The number of tanks for rotifer due
production need to be increased in future to cater for the mass
rearing of both kerapu and siakap larvae.
22
B. NATIONAL PRAWN FRY PRODUCTION & RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAR
3.1.10 CULTURE OF LIVE FOOD ORGANISMS
The culture technology of various species of phytoplankton,
such as Isochrysis SPOt Chaetoceros sp., Tetraselmis sp. and
Skeletonema sp. in the pure form in weather controlled room, with
artificial illumination, is well established. Such culture is
ideal for a small hatchery and is adopted by the intensive
culture unit in the old hatchery. In the new hatchery, produc-
tion from the algal room is inadequate to meet the demand for the
large scale larviculture. The pure culture from the algal room is
instead used as seed stock for large scale culture carried out
under transparent roof sheets. In large cement culture tank, (5
ton) a cell density of 0.5 to 0.7 million per ml of water is
achievable after 3 days of culture. This is considerably less
than the level obtained in the small scale culture carried out in
the algal room. The drop in cell density is however more than
compensated by the greater volume of the culture. The repeated
transfer from one tank to another for scaling up also resulted in
greater contamination. This is to a certain extent reduced by the
use of fine filters and the chemical, Halamide. The significant
improvement in the larviculture achieved in 1989 was to a certain
extent a result of better supply of algae as early larval feeds.
3.1.11 MATURATION OF Penaeus monodon
Most of the nauplii used for the culture operation in the
23
Centre are obtained through induced spawning of non-gravid fe
males. Generally more than half (averaging 70 %) of the eyestalk
ablated (ESA) females would respond to the treatment and spawn,
with spawning frequency ranging from 1 to 5. The average number
of spawning is 2.5 times. An ablated female might produce slight
ly over 1.2 million eggs over a period of a month or so. Hatching
rate ranged from 30 to 65 %. As the non gravid females are found
in much greater abundance, the supply of spawners is never a
problem to the Centre.
All wild spawners were obtained either from the northern
parts of the Malacca straits or waters off Terenggan~ in the east
coast.
There was some limited success in the induced spawning of
pond grown females obtained from the Ban Merbuk SUbstation.
However the response from such broodstock was usually less satis
factory with an average response rate of about 20 %. The hatching
rate was also low averaging only around 10 %.
3.1.12 PRODUCTION OF POND GROWN BROODSTOCK OF ~ monodon
To ensure a regular flow of pond grown broodstock for
induced spawning research, the ponds in the Ban Merbuk SUbstation
are used for the culture and maintenance of of such broodstock.
Initially the culture was more or less similar to commercial
shrimp farming operation carried out at low stocking density (5 -
10 pc/m2) to encourage faster growth. After 4 months of culture,
the ponds were cleared and fast growers, 5 - 10 % of the total
24
population, were chosen as broodstock and tranferred to a newly
prepared pond for continuing culture at very low stocking density
(less than 11m2). There is a need to change pond every 4 months
or so to reduce mortality as a result of build-up of organic load
at the pond bottom. The culture needs to be carried out for a
minimal period of 1 year, preferably for 18 months or so before
the shrimps reached a size of over 110 g which was considered
suitable for induced spawning purpose.
3.1.13 LARVICULTURE OF MARINE SHRIMP
Production cum research on larviculture of marine shrimps,
mostly the giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon and the banana
shrimp, E. merguiensis were carried out in two separate hatcher
ies. In the phase two hatchery, intensive culture system was
adopted. Altogether 72 successful cultures were carried out in
this hatchery, producing slightly over 12 million postlarvae. A
survival rate of 60 % was achieved among the successful culture
with an average production of 84 post larvae per litre of tank
capacity. The cultures were mostly dependent on live food organ
isms, though towards the later part of the year, formulated feeds
were introduced. In the new semi-intensive hatchery, the supply
of microalgae is generally supplemented with formulated feed.
Altogehter 372 successful cultures were carried out with survival
rates of about 45 % for the tiger shrimp and 69 % for the banana
shrimp.
The monthly production of marine shrimp fry by both systems
25
is presented in the table below
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Tiger Shrimp
2,165,000
9,665,000
13,556,000
7,470,100
2,582,000
16,326,000
10,171,600
4·,362,000
4,488,000
10,915,000
8,646,000
2,125,000
Banana Shrimp
780,000
3,570,000
5,749,000
5,347,000
4,132,000
4,222,000
2,700,000
2,570,000
3,105,000
425,000
Total
2,945,000
13,235,000
19,305,000
12,817,100
6,714,000
20,548,000
10,171,600
7,062,000
7,058,000
14,020,000
9,071,000
2,125,000 ---------------------------------------------------------Total 92,471,700 32,600,000 125,071,700 ============================~============================
3.1.14 LARVICULTURE OF THE GIANT MALAYSIAN PRAWN
The concerted research effort in production technology has
resulted in better and more efficient production systems. Various
technical constraints in fry production technology were also
overcome. Against an annual production target of 5 million, a
total of 8.9 million fry were produced during the year 1989.
Three culture systems are adopted in the Centre. These
include the intensive culture system using recirculated water
26
after purification through mechanical and biological filters.
with a stocking density of about 125 larvae per litre of tank
volume, a production figure of 49 juveniles per litre was
achieved. Annual production from the system amounted to 2.54
million juveniles.
The semi-intensive culture system on the other hand
maintains water quality through regular change of water. with a
stocking density of about 45 larvae per litre of tank volume, a
survival rate of 50 % is achievable for the larviculture cycle.
Production for the system amounted to 5.64 million for the year.
The extensive or the green water system minimizes water
change, but depends on the growth of phytoplankton to remove
toxic metabolites. The technique is relatively simple, requiring
only very basic facilities and a much lower level of technical
skills. A production of 14 juveniles per litre of tank volume
could be achieved. Though the system is the least productive of
all, it is the most cost effective. A total of 727,000 juveniles
were produced for the year, mostly by trainees of the Centre.
3.1.15 NURSERY MANAGEMENT AND FRY TRANSPORTATION
The larviculture of marine shrimp ends at Postlarvae 2 or 3,
after which they are counted and transferred to the nursery
section for rearing to up to PL 15 - 25 or even bigger before
being transported out either to farms or released into coastal
waters. Survival rate of about 50 % is achieved.
27
The juveniles of the Malaysian prawn do not require much
nursery care. Fry however need to be kept in holding tanks for a
considerable length of time before distribution leading tounnec-
essary mortality. Factors leading to the holding of fry include
poor synchronization of supply and demand, small orders and wide
geographical areas to be covered.
The distribution of shimp / prawn fry is given in the table
below :
Malaysian Tiger Banana
Prawn Shrimp Shrimp
Farmers 560,000 4,324,200 (Sales)
Farmers 256,900 2,206,700 (Free)
Open water 3,719,500 19,048,800 24,190,800 release
Others 1,091,000 4,919,800 1,258,000
Total 5,627,400 30,499,500 25,448,800 ===========================================================
For long distance delivery of fry, tranportation by air has
considerably cut down travelling time and significantly improved
survival rate.
3.1.16 OPEN WATER STOCKING OF SHRIMP AND PRAWN FRY
Besides catering for the need of fry for research and small
operators for their first culture operation, the majority of the
28
fry produced were released into coastal waters for the marine
shrimps and riverine systems for the Malaysian prawn under the
open water stocking programme of the Department. Altogether 3.72
million Malaysian prawn fry, 19.1 million giant tiger shrimp and
24.2 million banana shrimp fry were released.
The effectiveness of the release for the Malaysian prawn was
reflected by the reported increased landings in several areas.
Prawns are also caught in areas where there were previously no
such fisheries. For the marine shrimps, monitoring is much more
difficult and the effectiveness not so easy to assess in the
short term.
3.1.17 FEED FORMULATION AND TESTING
with the successful formulation of a suitable larval feed
for the giant Malaysian prawn larvae based on local ingredients,
the importation of the foreign larval feed for this prawn was
rendered unnecessary.
For marine shrimp larvae, greater effort was spent on
testing the effectiveness of commercial feeds especially those
meant for zoea stage of the shrimp. Unfortunately results of
feed trials have been not consistent as a result of other
interfering factors, such as the quality of the nauplii, algal
density in the water and disease infestation.
Nevertheless some formulated feeds have on various occasions
proved to be good as either partial or even total replacement for
29
algae. These include Frippack, Frippack in combination with ESP,
ZM, ZM with Topal, Higashimaru, BP t AS, Shrimp gen, Yeaster, BMC,
MS-IOO and President HP.
Several postlarval feeds for marine shrimp prepared by the
Centre are of acceptable quality with survival (PL 5 to PI 25) of
80 to 90 % recorded. The use of steam in the pelleting process,
either with an extruder or a pelle'tizer, was observed to greatly
increase the water stability of the feed.
3.1.18 PATHOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY STUDIES
Disease infection is one of the major factors
high mortality and complete failure in larviculture
shrimp. Altogether about 30 % of the culture were
following serious disease infestation.
leading to
of marine
discarded
Use of chemicals/antibiotics helps to reduce the level of
desease causative agents but does not completely eliminate them.
Prolonged use of any specific antibiotic however may lead to
development of resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. This
could be to a certain extent prevented by the use of several
antibiotics in rotation and finally the regular imposition of
breakcycle.
Antibiotics routinely applied include oxytetracyclin, furaz
olidone, chloramphenicol, and daimethon sodium. Other chemicals
used are formalin and trifuralin. Trifuralin has been observed to
30
be very effective in controlling fungal disease.
Surface fouling by filamentous bacteria (Leucothrix sp.) and
ciliate infestation (Zoothamium sp. and vorticella sp.), were
effectively controlled by the use of fine filters (cartridge and
cotton bag filters).
For the freshwater prawn, disease problem was compounded by
the inadequate supply of freshwater. Chemotherapy include the
use of formalin for ciliate control and chloramphenicol as bacte
ricide.
3.1.20 TRAINING PROGRAMME OF THE CENTRE
The provision of training in the area of
aquaculture is a major function of the Centre.
programme is carried out in cooperation with the
Training Branch of the Department.
brackishwater
The training
Extension and
Besides the regular training courses, the Centre also
provides attachment training, especially for hatchery operators,
who are interested in upgrading their technical skills in specif
ic areas of the hatchery operation. In this respect the mainte
nance and culture of microalgae is most popular, as the lack of
live algal food is the problem most commonly encountered by the
hatchery operators.
31
Two international training courses, one on marine shrimp
hatchery and another on brackishwater aquaculture, were conducted
during 1989.
The courses offered, the number of session and the total
number of trainees are given in the table below :
Courses No. of
sessions
1. Brackishwater Pond Culture 9
2. Cage Culture 4
3. Mussel Culture 4
4. Marine Shrimp Hatchery Operation 5
5. Freshwater Prawn Hatchery operation 2
6. Brackiskwater Farm Management 1
7. Attachemnt training, university students and others
Total
No. of
Trainees
171
75
71
42
4
11
91
465 =============================================~==================
All the training courses were provided free of charge. The
training and hostel facilities of the Centre are occasionally
used by other sections / branches of the Department to conduct
training in areas other than aquaculture.
32
C. BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE RESEARCH CENTRE, JOHOR
3.1.21 Shrimp culture
In pond culture of marine shrimp, past experiences indicated
the banana shrimp (Penaeus me~guien~is) was more difficult to
culture. The banana shrimp was sensitive to salinity changes,
more likely to suffer from stress as a result of high stocking
density and also handling. A series of experiment was conducted
to determine the optimal size of the postlarvae for stocking
purpose in pond culture. Postlarvae of various sizes ~ere stocked
in ponds at 10 and 201m2, The growth and survival of the shrimp
were monitored over a period of 3 months. It was observed the
bigger postlarvae (PL20) recorded better performance.
3.1.22 Culture of finfish
The pond culture of Lates calcarifer had been attempted in
the past. Stocking density of 31m2 was established as optimal.
The study carried in 1989 attempted to determine whether smaller
fish could be introduced into pond for culture purpose without
affecting yield. Results of the trials indicated that fry smaller
than 5.0 cm were not suitable for pond culture. The use of 5.0 cm
fry however could considerably reduce the production cost without
affecting the final yield of the operation. However as a result
of the high production cost and low survival, pond culture of sea
bass is still not yet economically viable. In this respect more
works need to be done to further reduce feed cost which consti-
33
tutes more than half of the production cost.
Besides Lates the culture of red Tilapia in brackishwater
pond after acclimatization was also attempted. It was observed
that the freshwater red Tilapia could be acclimatized to a salin
ity of up to 28 ppt with a survival rate of 85 % if the process
was carried out slowly with salinity increase of 2 ppt per day.
The acclimatized red Tilapia were introduced into brackishwater
ponds at a stocking density of 12 pc/m2 and fed with formulated
feed. The fish attained an averaged size of 403 gm over a period
of 8 months with a survival rate of 62 % .. The yield worked out
to be 16 tonnes/ha. Such preliminary result obviously indicated
considerable potential in the culture of red Tilapia in brackish
water ponds. Further trials would be conducted to examine the
economical profitability and also to consider red Tilapia as an
alternate species for brackishwater pond culture.
3.1.23 FEED FORMULATION
The Centre had in the past successfully formulated grow-out
feed for the intensive culture of Penaeus monodon. In an attempt
to formulate suitable feed for nursery purpose
tank trials were carried out for 6 different
(starter feed),
types of feed
formulated by the Centre. The best feed was then compared to
various commercial starter feeds. Based on the growth of the
young fry fed the various feeds, it was observed that the
Centre's feed was comparable or even better than some of the
commercial feeds. It was however still inferior compared to Tung
Pao and Gold Coin Starter. Further works need to be done to
34
improve its quality and also to reduce its cost of production.
The effectiveness of virginiamycin as a growth promoter in
sea bass feed was tested by incorporating various concentrations
of the growth promoter in the feed. The trial was carried in
ponds for 6 weeks with growth measurement taken at weekly
intervals. At the end of the experiment it was observed that
concentrations ranging from 40 to 200 ppm were all effective in
promoting growth to some extent. The best growth was however
achieved at the concentration of 80 ppm.
3.1.24 water and pond chemistry
Sungai Gelang Patah is the source of water for the operation
of the Centre. Its deteriorating water quality especially in the
upper reaches is hence a cause for concern. Monitoring surveys
carried out regularly identified discharges of piggery wastes
upstream and sewage from the Gelang Patah frown to be major
sources of pollution. The increasing organic load could be
evidenced by the lower dissolved oxygen levels (with many
readings below 2.5 ppm), high BOD readings (above 5.0 ppm) and
elevated ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations (above 2.0 ppm) in
the waters throughout the year. water at the intake point of the
Centre was however of acceptable quality during high tides. Hence
the culture operation has not been seriously affected. In order
to ensure the water quality of the river would not continue to
deteriorate to unacceptable level, various relevant government
agencies in the state have been contacted to assist in pollution
control.
35
Regular monitoring on the water and sediment chemistry of
the culture ponds were also carried out in an attempt to corre
late such parameters to yields, leading to the establishment of
optimal water quality and sediment parameters. Generally it was
observed that both salinity and pH of the water were quite stable
and did not undergo drastic changes except in the event of a
heavy downpour. Dissolved oxygen levels however needed to be
monitored closely especially towards the later part of the cul
ture. The increasing biomass in the pond, hence the higher rate
of whole pond respiration and also greater oxygen demand by the
bottom sediment might necessitate the use of greater number of
paddlewheels. The sediment oxygen demand in prawn ponds was found
to range from 0.1 to 0.3 g 02/m 2jh . The ammonia-N levels ranged
from 0.03 to 0.37 mg/I. Besides t.he use of paddlewheels, regular
water exchange was needed to maintain optimal water quality.
3.1.25 Disease studies
A number of common diseases for culture fish and prawn were
identified. Among them were attacks by Epistylis, piscicola sp.,
Lernanthropus sp., fin-rot and red boils. The use of Dipterex at
1.0 ppm was effective in controlling "pacat pacat", while fin-rot
and red boils in fish could be treated with acriflavin at 10 ppm.
The possibility of treating diseased fish in cage culture sites
would be examined in future.
36
3.1.26 Aquaculture engi.neering
The productivity of 3 types of ponds, viz. a levee pond, a
dug-out pond, and a dug-out pond with plastic lining on the inner
side of the bund, were compared. At a stocking density of 20
pc/m2 and a culture period of 3 months, the levee pond yielded
2.5 tonnes of prawn/ha; the dug-out pond a figure of 1.2
tonnes/ha; the dug-out pond with plastic lining produced 1.8
tonnes/ha. The acid sulphate problems were most serious in the
bunds of the dug-out pond. The result further confirmed the
advantage of the levee ponds.
In another trial, the effectiveness of water exchange by
pumping and by tidal flov1 vIera compared. Monitoring on parameters
such as growth, survival rate and yield indicated that there was
no significant difference on the productivity of the ponds. It is
likely that the method of water exchange is not a critical factor
by itself. The volume and frequency of water exchange are more
likely to be to affect yield. The fact that levee ponds (which
require pumping), are usually more productive as a result of less
acid sulphate problems may give the impression that water
exchange by pumping by itself could increase yield.
37
D. FRESHWATER FISHERIES RESEARCH CENTRE, MELAKA
3.1.27 Breeding of Indigenous Fishes
Two Temoleh (Probarbus jullieni) were successfully
ovulated with the use of carp pituitary extracts (CPE) and
human chorionic gonadotropin (RCG). Though fertilization and
incubation of the eggs were effected fairly satisfactorily,
mortality was high during the larviculture. Only 28 fry survived
the nursery stage.
Induced breeding trials on Sebarau (Hampala macrolepidota)
were conducted with the use of carp pituitary hormones. A breed
i,ng trial involving 30 female fish produced a total of 53,380
fry. The successful breeding of the two indigenous riverine
fishes for the first time could be considered a breakthrough.
The project was also engaged in developing suitable
techniques for large-scale production of fish fry of Lampam Jawa
(Puntius gonionotus) and Jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii). The
production during'the year amounted to 585,870 Lampam fry and
106,850 Jelawat fry.
3.1.28 Breeding of Exotic Fishes
Four trials on the induced breeding of Grass Carp (Ctenopha
ryngodon idellus) were carried out engaging 7 mature female
breeders with the use of HCG and CPE. Complete spawning was
achieved in 2 females, and partial spawning observed in another
2 females. The fry produced from the above breeding trials
38
amounted to about 22,700 in number. The Grass Carp has not been
successfully bred in the country for some years. Success from
the above trials is therefore very encouraging.
The Pacu (Colossoma sp.) is a herbivore which originates
from South America. It has of recent become an important food
fish in South America and in Taiwan. FFRC was able to carry out
breeding trials on this fish, from a stock of 38 breeders,
acquired some time ago. Success in the breeding of this fish
was first achieved in July, 1989, when 3 females responded well
to hormone inducement (HCG and CPE). The fry produced from the
above trials amounted to 2.5, 000 in number.
The project also refined techniques for large-scale
fry production of several exotic fish species. The production
during the year amounted to 103 r 750 Big-Head fry, 187,650 Catla
fry and 357,400 Rohu fry_
3.1.29 Breeding of Catfishes
The ,experimental breeding of Ikan Keli Kayu and Ikan Baung
was carried out during the year, besides developing techniques
for large-scale production of fry of Ikan Keli Bunga and Ikan
Patin.
Greater level of breeding success for Keli Kayu (Clarias
batrachus) was achieved by the use of the hormone HCG.
The induced breeding of Baung (Mystus nemurus) was also
standardised, with the use of the hormones HCG and CPE. Further ..
39
studies were continued on the use of the hormone LHRH-a, pimozide
and reserpine to induce ovulation in the female breeders.
The project was able to produce 343,689 fry of Keli Bunga
(Clarias macrocephalus) and 180,818 fry of Patin (Pangasius
sutch~) .
3.1.30 Genetics and Breeding of Tilapia
The genetic selection by colour involved the careful
selection of breeders which were wholly red in colour, with
little or no black spots on the body. After repeated selection
over a number of generation, it has been possible to produce fry,
98-100% of which were completely red. The red coloration is
desirable as the red fish fetch a higher price.
Observations on the morphology and growth of the fish were
also conducted. It is expected the selection of breeders with
desired morphological feature and fast growth may result in
production of super growers having reduced head, increased
girth.
the
body
of
Sex reversal of the Red Tilapia was achieved
fry to methyl testosterone. Survival rates of
by the exposure
the sexually
reversed fry ranged from 94 to 100% in concrete tanks with recir
culated water system.
In cross-breeding attempt, it was observed that the cross
between the male Siamese Tilapia and the female Nile Tilapia
resulted in the production of fry, 100% of which were red. A
40
reciprocal cross, however resulted in the production of fry that
were a mixture of red and grey.
A total of 484,435 fry of Red Tilapia and 10,000 fry of
Grey Tilapia were produced for distribution during the year.
3.1.31 Breeding and Culture of Ornamental Fishes
In 1989 F.F.R.C. built up a collection of ornamental fishes,
of about 24 species for breeding purpose. Stocks of the Kelisa
(Scleropages fO:rJl1o.§us), the Discus (Symphysodon spp.), the Clown
Loach (Botiq macracantha) and the Red Kalui (Osphronemus goramy)
are being sought to increase the collection.
Among the aquarium fish, breeding technology has been
established on 9 species. They include the Glow-Light Tetra, the
Neon Tetra, the Black Neon Tetra, the Tiger Barb (including the
"Emerald" and "Albino" varieties), the Koi Carp, the Jewel
Cichlid, the Blue Acara, the Siamese Fighting Fish and the
Snakeskin Guppy_
Some of the .ornamental fish are very sensitive to water
quality changes. It was found that the use of mineral water
produced a significantly higher rate (65-70%) of hatching of
fertilized eggs of the Tetras, compared to rain water (40-55%).
The survival rate of hatchlings and fry, which resulted from
incubation of eggs in mineral water, was also high.
In the case of the Harlequin, it is suspected that soft
waters with low pH may be needed for breeding purpose. The Sia
mese Fighting Fish could be easily bred. However survival rate of
41
fry was very low. The absence of a suitable live-feed is suspect
ed to be the cause.
3.1.32 Pond-culture of the Tilapia
In the mono-sex culture of Tilapia, males and females were
cultured in separate ponds. The males grew much bigger (463 gm)
compared to the females (362 gm) over a period of 5 months from
an initial size of about BOg. The stocking density of 125
fish/100m2 was adopted. The fish were given pellet feed con
taining 32% crude protein, at the rate of 2% body weight. The
experiment yielded a production of 9.0 to 10.7 tonne/ha/yr.
3.1.33 Pond-culture of the Malaysian Prawn
The mono-culture of the Giant Malaysian Prawn (Udang Galah,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii) was attempted with several variations.
These included the stocking of bigger juveniles (greater than 5g
each); use of aerators and partial water change; regular applica
tion of tea-seed cake; and staggered harvesting of the prawns.
The prawns were given pellet feed containing 32% crude protein,
at a rate of 2-5% of the total body-weight. After 6 months of
culture yields of 875 kg/ha and 1,624 kg/ha were obtained for
ponds with stocking density of 5 and 10 fry/m2 .
'however slightly high. This is probably due to the
stability of the feed used.
42
The FeR is
poor water
3.1.34 Culture of Live Foods for Fish Fry
This project has shown increasing importance in view of the
growing demand for live foods in fish hatchery and nursery prac
tice. During 1989, FFRC experimented on the mass culture of
organisms such as Infusoria, Rotifera, Cladocera, Chironomid
larvae and Artemia nauplii. Early observations suggest the
following:
Infusoria could be grown in a culture medium of decaying
leafy vegetables. Rapid proliferation of these organisms
observed 10 days after inoculation.
were
Rotifers (Brachionus) were found to proliferate i~ "green
water" 5 days after inoculation; the "green water" was brought
about through fertilization with soybean flour and fish meal in
good sunlight. The culture of rotifers could be maintained
through daily change of the "green water".
Chironomid larvae were cultured on a continuous basis by
the use ,of soil containing high organic matter, such as fish
meal, soybean flour, etc. At FFRC cultures were conducted in
fibreglass troughs.
The Cladoceran, (Moina), could also be cultured in dense
quantities in cement troughs using soybean flour as fertilizer.
Cultures could also be maintained in small ponds, under
favourable weather conditions.
For the culture of Artemia in aquaria rice bran was found to
43
be more effective as a nutrient in the culture medium, compared
to wheat flour.
3.1.35 Fish Nutrition and Feed Additives
Rohu (Labeo ,;Lohit<l) fry were fed with feed containing varia
ble amounts of protein at the rate of 6% of the bodyweight, for
a period of 10 weeks in tanks. The results suggest that 30%
protein in the feed could bring about maximum growth in the fry,
with a FeR of 4.42.
The addition of virginiamycin at 40, 80 and 100 ppm to the
feed of Tilapia fry, did not indicate any significant effect
on the growth of the Tilapia fry in tanks. This is unlike a
similar experiment carried out in 1988, but in ponds, the results
indicated improved growth of the Tilapia fry that were given feed
containing 40 ppm Virginiamycin.
Astaxanthin, a colour enhancer, was tested on the Red
Tilapia to determine if .it had positive effects. Observations
suggested that it enhanced the red coloration of the body. The
colouration was found to be stronger at higher concentrations of
the colour enhancer. Further trials would be carried out to
determine the optimum concentration to attain the desired co
lour.
Observations were carried out on the prolonged holding of
broodstock of Lampam Jawa in ponds, as to the impact of static
water conditions in these ponds on the broodstock. Observations
44
indicate that gonad development was impeded with prolonged hold
ing in the static ponds, especially beyond the 6-month period.
This is probably due to a progressive accumulation of metabolites
and wastes in the pond. To overcome this problem, it would be
necessary for the broodstock ponds to have at least a partial
water change on a regular basis.
3.1.36 Fish Disease - Diagnosis and Control
In disease study emphasis was placed on Myxosporean
infection of Lampam Jawa (Puntiu§ gonionotus), in connection with
the parasite Thellohanellus Spa .A survey of the FFRC's pond
complex for infection of fish by this parasite indicates that it
is host-specific infecting only the Lampam Jawa. The parasite
was found to attack the gills of the fish, bringing about
respiratory disturbances. Observations of fish fry suggest the
onset of infection to be on fry that are 2 weeks old and above.
In a nursery it was found that about 50-70% of the fish fry were
infected py this p~rasite. studies are underway to determine
source of infection.
Efforts to quarantine all fish fry produced by the Centre
before distribution were continued. This is to ensure that
farmers rer-eived fish fry that were free from parasitic
infection.
45
3.1.37 Fishery Development of Reservoirs
Limnological studies on the Tok Uban irrigation reservoir in
Kelantan continued in 1989. Data were collected in the months of
January, March and May_ It appears that water quality in the
reservoir has not changed significantly since 1988, except for a
slight increase in pH.
A study on the lake, Tasik Dayang Bunting, in Pulau Langkawi
was conducted from 15-17 June, 1989 with the objective to assess
its suitability for fishery development. The lake is about 23 ha
in area, with depths exceeding 15m. The water was found to have
high conductivity and alkalinity, suggesting seawater intrusion.
However the nutrient contents in the water were very low indi
cating poor biological productivity. Further works need to be
carried out before any serious consideration for fishery devel
opment could be considered.
In an effort "to replenish fish life in inland waters FFRC
released a total of 874,450 fry from 8 species of fish into 8
water bodies in the states of Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan and
Pahang.
3.1.38 Naticnal Agriculture Park, Shah Alam
studies on the 3 impoundments at the National Agriculture
Park (Taman Pertanian Negara) in Shah Alam continued in 1990.
46
The studies include water quality, fish replenishment and cage
culture.
Based on alkalinity readings the Danau Perikanan appears to
be the most productive biologically. It was decided that the
Danau be treated as a fish pond, and accordingly its waters were
regularly fertilized with triple super phosphate (15 kg/month)
and urea (30 kg/month) to improve its productivity.
The Secchi Disc transparency of water was minimal in
Empangan Air Kuning (37.6 cm) and this is largely due to a high
load of suspended solids in the water.
A total of 83,265 fish fry was released into the 3 water
bodies: 34,325 fry into Danau Perikanan, 8,140 into Empangan Air
Kuning and 40,900 into Empangan Sg. Baru. They comprised 8
species of fish, including 4 species of the major Chinese and
Indian Carps and 4 species of indigenous fish. Of the 3 water
bodies it has been observed that the Danau Perikanan is frequent
ed by spor,ts anglers.
Cage culture in Empangan Sg. Baru was initiated in August,
1989 as a demonstration project. By the end of the year FFRC had
stocked the cages with 3 species of fish: Jelawat (5,725 fry);
Tilapia Merah (3,518 fry); and Patin (1,000 fry). The fish were
monitored monthly for growth. The fish were however subject to
frequent pilferage due in part to difficulty in providing proper
surveillance.
47
3.1.39 Water Quality in Aquaculture
The monitoring of water quality in sungai Melaka was carried
out twice a year. While water quality at the intake point of the
river and in the culture ponds was checked on a routine basis.
Based on results of the monitoring programme, especially the
value.s for parameters such as pH, DO, ammoniacal
and total suspended solids in water, it can be
that Sungai melaka is moderately polluted.
nitrogen, BOD
said generally
The river water had however on various occassions declined
to virtual 'anaerobic state especially during the drought months
of January to March. This accompanied by a rise in ammoniacal
nitrogen indicated serious organic pollution. The effluents from
a ryumber of agro-industries situated along the river, and
smvage discharge from a housing estate at Taman ME~rdeka in Batu
Berendam are believed to be the cause.
Pumping of water to the pond complex was usually
discontinued once the ammonia level at the intake point was above
3.0 mg/l to avoid contamination of the pond water. with such
precaution, water quality in the culture ponds was generally
satisfactory, with no record of adverse fluctuations that could
be detrimental to the fish or prawns in the ponds.
48
3.2 RESOURCE RESEARCH
A. RESOURCE SECTION, IFP GELUGOR.
3.2.1 Demersal fish resource survey in the coastal waters of the
west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
This survey, conducted with K.K. 'MERSUJI', was started on
early November, 1989. The frequent unavailability of sufficient
vessel crew resulted in numerous delays. It had to be terminated
finally on 25/1/90 without covering the whole survey area. A
total of 29 successful hauls were made in the shallow coastal
waters off Kedah and Perak.
The average catch rate obtained was 46.2 kg/hr, of which
27.4 kg (59%) were commercial fish, the balance being trash fish.
As in previous surveys, the survey area north of Pulau Pinang
was more productive than the southern portion. The main species
caught were the carangids, squids, mullids and Rastre~liger spp.
The average" catch rate obtained was lower than those from
previous surveys, indicating that the density of the demersal
fish resources has further declined, particularly in Zone B (5-12
nautical miles from shore) .
3.2.2 study on the diurnal variation in the catch of penaeid
prawns in the waters off Pantai Remis, Perak.
This study was successfully carried out with the use of a
local fishing boat from 10.6.89 to 4.7.89. A total of 60- hauls
49
were completed, with 30 hauls conducted during the night and the
other 30 carried out during the day.
The results showed that the total catch rate of penaeid
prawns was slightly higher in the day when compared to the catch
rate recorded at night. In the day a catch rate of 7.5 kg/hour
was recorded while at night 6.6 kg/hour was recorded. The
main prawn species caught during the day were Metapenaeus
affinis, Penaeus merguiensis, M. dobsoni and Parapeneopsis hard
wickii. E. coromandelica was more abundant during the night
while ~ brevicornis did not show any difference in catch rates
in the day and night.
3.2.3 study on the catches of the 2-noat kenka nets from Kuala
Kurau.
This study was a continuation of the study that began in
1987. The catch ot the 2-boat kenka averaged about 118 kg per
trip. Apart from prawns, trash fish amounting to 33.9%
constituted a major component of the total catch. The stiare of
commercial fish and the mantid shrimp was insignificant (2%).
Among the prawn catches, it was observed that the small size
species made up most of the catches. Parapeneopsis hardwickii
was most abundant, making up 45% of the total amount of small
prawns caught. This was followed by Metapenaeus lysianassa and
E. coromandelica contributing 29.1% and 12.2% respectively.
In the category of medium-sized prawns, Metapenaeus affinis
was the most dominant (55%), followed by Parapeneopsis sculptilis
50
(24.8%) and M. brevicornis (17.5%). Nearly all the large
prawns caught were Penaeus merguiensis. Occasionally E. monodon
and E. semi sulcatus were also caught.
3.2.4 study on the carpet clam Paphia undulata, at sungai Batu
There are 10 boats licensed to catch the carpet clam with
bottom dredges in the coastal water off Sungai Batu, Kedah.
However only eight of these boats were reported to be operating.
It was estimated that each boat could harvest 2 tonnes of clams
per daily trip. Dredging operations are carried out by these
boats for about 6 hours per trip. The area of operation is
located in Zone B (5-12 nautical miles from shore), between Pulau
Payar and Pulau Langkawi.
3.2.5 Biological studies on selected pelagic fish species on the
west coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Three species, namely Rastrelliger kanagurta,Atule mate and
Decapterus maruadsi were studied at Kuala Perlis, Perlis and
Teluk Bahang, Penang. The spawning season was determined through
the use of the gonadosomatic index (GSI).
The
cies of
values of the growth constant, K, for the various
fish studied, were determined to be between 0.84
spe
and
1.41. These values are reasonable when compared to those of the
demersal fish.
From the mortality estimates (Z,M/F), the rate of
51
exploitation
was found to
implies that
exploited.
(E) was estimated. For all the species studied, E
be higher than the optimum value of 0.5. This
the pelagic species studied have been over-
Most of the species studied show two recruitment pulses in a
year. B. kanaqurta sampled from Teluk Bahang showed two spawning
peaks a year; one each in February and September. The spawning
peaks for btule mat~ from Teluk Bahang were observed in March and
September. Decapterus maruadsL however showed only one major
spawning peak in February.
Rastrelliger kanagurta sampled from Kuala Perlis showed one
spawning peak each in February and one in August. For the other
two species i.e. Atule mate and Decapterus maruadsi, the samples
were not sufficient to give meaningful results.
3.2.6 Monitoring of catches from cuttlefish traps (Bubu Sotong
Arus) from Kedah/Perlis.
The aim of this project was to study the effect of using
bubu satang to catch satang arus (Sepioteuthis) since it was
reported that a lot of cuttlefish eggs were seen attached to the
traps. Four fishing boats (2 from Kuala Jerlun and 2 from Kuala
Sungei Baru) and the research vessel K.K. KERAPU also
participated in this study. It was found that satang arus were
mostly caught between Kuala Kedah and pulau Bunting.
52
3.2.7 Chemotaxonomic study of fish/prawns/cephalopods.
In 1989, a series of trials were run using samples of some
pelagic fish on the new ":r.WLTIPHOR" electrophoresis system
purchased. The main aim was to run optimisation schedules using
various concentrations of the samples. The results indicated that
the optimum weight of sample tissue to be used for the
electrophoretic runs was 4gm.
3.2.8 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition
fish purse seine (pukat jerut ikan) boats.
The average catch per boat per month of the pukat jerut
ikan boats were recorded at several landing centres.
(a) Kuala Perlis.
The pukat jerut boats, averaging 40 GRT in size, from Kuala
Perlis, operating with tuas and spotlights interchangeably,
recorded the highest catches for the year when compared to other
landing sites monitored. The average catch per boat per month
ranged from 6.551 tonnes to 51.373 tonnes per boat per month.
The highest average catch per boat of 51.373 tonnes was recorded
in May 1989. Generally during the second quarter of 1989 catches
were good while the lowest catches were recorded in January and
December 1989.
53
(b) Kuala Redan.
At Kuala Kedah, the pukat jerut malam boats recorded average
monthly catches of between 7.616 tonnes per boat and 20.341
tonnes per boat per month.
(c) Te:J-uk ,Bahang, Penang.
The pukat jerut tuas boats (averaging 40 GRT) of Teluk
Bahang, Penang recorded low catches throughout 1989 except for
January and April. Most of the of tuas boats were fitted with
spot lights and they used the tuas and spot lights
interchangeably, hence making sampling very difficult. The
highest catch per boat of 32.538 tonnes was recorded in April
followed by 17.042 tonnes in January 1989, the average catch
recorded for the other months ranged from 0.161 tonnes to 8.641
tonnes. For the months of March, August, October and November no
fishing from the tuas was carried out.
Nearly all boats from Teluk Bahang used spot lights for
aggregating fish. The average catch per boat (using spot lights)
per month ranged from 4.111 tonnes in August to a high record of
53.936 tonnes in April 1989. Based on the catch rate recorded,
it is clear the spot lights are better aggregating devices
copmared to the tuas. spot lights however could only be used
when the sea was not rough. The average size of fish caught by
the pukat jerut 'lampu ' boats were generally larger than those
caught by the pukat jerut "tuas' boats.
54
(d) Pulau Pangkor, Perak.
At Pulau Pangkor, the pukat jerut malam boats (averaging 40
GRT) did not perform as well as those from Kuala Kedah. The
average catches per boat per month were rather consistent
throughout the year, and ranged from 1.502 tonnes to 10.738
tonnes.
The pukat jerut malam boats operating from Kuala Kedah,
Kedah and Pulau Pangkor, Perak landed mainly Rastrelliger and
tuna (mainly Euthynnus and Auxis). Those from Kuala Perlis,
Perlis and Teluk Bahang, Penang landed mainly roundscads
(Decapterus), Indian mackerels (Rastrelliger) and selar scads
(Atu1e mate), while the pukat jerut tuas boats landed mainly
roundscads and Indian mackerels.
3.2.9 Monitoring and analysis of the landings and catch
composition of anchovy purse seine boats.
(a)Pulau Pangkor, Perak.
The average catch per boat per month of the pukat jerut
bilis boats, averaging 40 GRT, operating from Pulau Pangkor was
generally lower than those from Kedah.
The maximum catch for 1989 was in May when 14.146 tonnes per
boat per month was achieved, followed by a second peak of 11.563
tonnes per boat per month in July. From then on, the average
catch per boat declined to the lowest average catch of ·1.497
55
tonnes recorded for the year.
(b)Tanjung Dawai/Sungei Batu, Kedah.
The pukat jerut bilis boats from Tanjung Dawaijsungai Batu
performed better possibly because of the presence of larger
fishing grounds off the coast of Kedah. The average monthly
catch per boat ranged from 4.938 to 16.781 tonnes. Catches were
very good during the first four months of 1989 but declined
slightly after that.
stolephorus spp. contributed to more than 83% of the total
catch of the bilis boats. The dominant species was
" Stolephorus heterolobus, followed by Stolephorus buccaneeri and
the Stolephorus andhraensis/S. bataviaensis group. other species
of fish caught were mainly small-sized Rastrelli~, Sardinella
and leiognathids. The catch composition was not different from
that observed for the past years.
3.2.10 study on the resource and biology of tuna.
Two field visits were made to Kuala Terengganu and
Chendering, Terengganu in April and September 1989 to observe the
tuna landings at these centres. In April 1989, there appeared to
be a larger proportion of small-sized tuna Thunnus t9nggol and
Euthynnus affinis that were landed by the troll liners. The
purse seiners that targeted mainly for small pelagics were also
observed to land some small-sized tuna mainly ~uthynnus affinis.
The catch composition however consisted of more Euthynnus affinis
56
than Thunnus tonggol. During the September visit, the fish were
also observed to be small and there were mainly Euthynnus affinis
seen in the landings. Length frequency distribution data of tuna
by species were collected and sent to IPTP for analysis.
The catch composition remained the same as for previous years
with Thunnus tonggol being the main species landed followed by
Euthynnus affinis and Auxis ~hazard. The main fishing gear
employed is still the troll line. Purse seiners fishing for
small pelagics do land some small-sized tuna.
3.2.11 Monitoring and analysis of the commercial trawl landings
and catch composition from selected landing centres on the
west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
i) Fish Trawlers
(a) Zone ~ boats
~one B trawlers were monitored at four major landing
sites namely Kuala Kedah, Kedah; Batu Maung, Penang; Pulau
Pangkor, Perak and Sungei Besar, Selangor. The monthly average
catch per trip recorded for Kuala Kedah, Batu Maung and sungei
Besar were seen to be generally higher during the first half of
1989 when compared to the second half. For Sungei Besar,
however, a second peak in term of catches was recorded in
October. The Pulau Pangkor Zone B trawlers showed slightly higher
catch rates during the second half of 1989 with the exception of
57
February during which the highest catch rate for the year was
observed.
For the Kuala Kedah boats the monthly average catch per trip
ranged from 272.33 kg to 1111.13 kg. The boats operating from
Batu Maung gave an average catch per trip ranging from 135.10-
1983.13 kg while those based at Pulau Pangkor achieved between
365.66 and 1386.16 kg per trip. The average catch per trip for
the Sungei Besar Zone B trawlers ranged from 247.13 - 2908.45 kg.
It can be said that the Pulau Pangkor and Sungei Besar Zone B
trawlers performed better than those from Kuala Kedah and Batu
Maung.
The catch composition of the Zone B trawlers monitored
showed that the commercial fish landed constituted between 40%
to 60% of the total catch by weight. The rest were trash fish.
The major groups of demersal commercial fish caught were the
sciaenids (Johnius, otolithes, Sciaena, Pseudosciaena), carangids
(Carangoides, Caranx) and nemipterids (Nemipterus). However a
larger proport.ion· of the total commercial fish landings were
observed to be pelagic species, mainly scombrids (Rastrelliger),
pomfrets (Pampus, Formio) and threadfins (Eleutheronema). These
pelagic species generally fetch a high market value. Squids,
mainly Loligo, together with some other cephalopods also form an
important component of the catch. The trash fish component was
made up of genuine trash species and the immature young of some
commercial species.
58
(b) Zone Q boats.
Zone C trawlers were monitored only at Kuala Kedah,
Hutan Melintang, Perak and Sungei Besar, Selangor. The
catch per boat per trip was seen to be much higher for the
Melintang boats when compared to the rest. This could be
due to the use of larger fishing boats and hence longer
trips.
Kedahi
average
Hutan
mainly
fishing
The average catch per trip for Kuala Kedah boats ranged from
436 - 1745 kg and for Sungei Besar boats, between 305 and 3337
kg. The boats from Hutan Melintang recorded the highest catch per
trip of between 4146 and 11941 kg.
The major commercial fish caught by the Zone C trawlers were
not different from those caught by the Zone B boats but
preliminary analysis showed that the Zone C trawlers caught more
lutjanids (Lutjanus spp). The Zone C trawlers from Kuala Kedah
caught more pelagic ftsh (mainly Rastrellige:r: brachysoma) than
demersal fish. The Sungei Besar Zone C trawlers landed nearly
equal proportions of demersal and pelagic fish while the Hutan
Melintang boats caught more demersal than pelagic species.
Commercial fish contributed to approximately 40% to 60% of the
total catch, the rest being trash fish and young of certain
commercial fish.
59
ii) Prawn trawlers.
Prawn trawlers operating from Kuala Kedah, Kedah and Batu
Maung, Penang recorded higher catch rates than those from Pantai
Remis, Perak. For the Kuala Kedah boats, the average catch per
trip ranged from 259.50-634.42kg, while the boats from Batu Maung
yielded between 169.00 kg and 391.92 kg. The prawn trawlers
monitored at Pantai Remis showed rather consistent and low
monthly average catch rates, ranging from 5.33-93.14kg per trip,
throughout 1989.
The composition of the catch of the prawn trawlers monitored
showed that trash could contribute between 20% to 60% of the
catch. The total quantity of penaeid prawns landed remained at
less than 20% of the total catch for the Kuala Kedah and Batu
Maung boats. The rest of the catch was made up of demersal and
pelagic fish species and cephalopods. The major groups of prawns
landed at Kuala Kedah were Metapeneopsis stridulans, Penaeus
merguiensis, E. se~isulcatus and Trachypenaeus spp. Boats from
Batu Maung landed mainly Metapenaeus ensis.
From the monthly data collected, it could be seen that there
were some differences between the catch rates and the composition
of the Pantai Remis boats and the other prawn trawlers from Kuala
Kedah and Batu Maung. The Pantai Remis prawn trawlers seemed to
catch rather high percentages of prawns, while maintaining low
catch rates throughout the year. Prawns contributed to between
20% to 70% of the total monthly catch of these prawn trawl~rs,
60
the rest of the catch being made up of trash fish with little or
no other commercial fish. The major prawn species landed were
Metapenaeus affinis and the Parapeneopsis group.
3.2.12 Biological study on the penaeid prawn Metapenaeus affinis
in the coastal waters of Kedah.
This study was carried out in Kuala Kedah. Monthly samples
of M. affinis were obtained from the catch landed by commercial
trawlers operating in the waters of Zone B. Data on maturity
stages of females, length, weight, size by numbers and weight of
total catch of M. affinis by the boats sampled were obtained.
The minimum size recorded was 91mm (total length) .
Analysis of the data indicated that there were probably 2
recruitment pulses of M. affini~ into the fishery annually. The
primary recruitment pulse occurred in May, followed by a smaller
recruitment pulse in December. The recruitment patern
corresponded with two spawning peaks observed in January and
September.
3.2.13 Studies on the recruitment of Penaeus merguiensis in the
estuarine waters of Kuala Sepetang, Perak.
The study was conducted in the Kuala Sepetang area beginning
from the month of February. The objective of the study was to
determine the time of recruitment of the various life stages~ of
61
E. merguiensis into the fishery. The catch data from several
fishing gears that exploit the various stages of the prawn were
obtained on a monthly basis. Analysis of the catch data of the
different fishing gears, namely, the push nets which catch the
juveniles, the bagnets which exploit the emigrants migrating
outwards from the estuarine mangrove areas, and the trammel nets
and trawl nets which take the subadults and adults, indicated
that the juveniles are probably recruited into the estuarine push
net fishery during February/March, with the emigrants moving out
from the estuaries during March and April towards the fishing
grounds offshore where the subadults and adults are exploited by
the trammel nets and trawl nets.. However, these observations
require further sUbstantiative data, and the study will be
continued next year.
3.2.14 Experimental trials with pair trawl nets.
Experimental trials with pair trawl nets were continued
during the year. The aim of the study is to test and adapt these
nets for commercial operation in the offshore waters of the EEZ.
The trials were conducted with the use of commercial trawlers (70
GRT & above) on the east and west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia.
However, the results obtained were not very encouraging. This was
due primarily to poor net design and the lack of competency on
the part of the fishermen involved in the operation of the pair
trawl nets.
62
Several trials were however successfully conducted with
smaller vessels of the Department of Fisheries (K.L. KERAPU III &
K.L. KERAPU V). The experience gained will be utilised for
further trials with larger vessels. However, there appears to be
a need to modify the design of the larger nets.
3.2.15 Comparative studies on the efficiency of 2-seam, 4-seam
and 6-seam trawl nets.
The objective of the studies was to compare the efficiency
of 2-seaD trawl nets with those of 4-seam and 6-seam trawl nets.
However, during the year, only the comparison study between the
2-seam net and 4-seam net was carried out due to non availability
of vessel time. The number of hauls made was also limited because
of frequent damage to the nets. Analysis of the data obtained
from 6 hauls with the 4-seam trawl net and 5 hauls with the 2-
seam net indicated a slight difference in their average catch
rates. The average catch rate obtained by the 4-seam net was 71.3
kg/hr while the 2-seam net obtained 79.2 kg/hr. The studies will
be continued next year to obtain sufficient data for further
analysis.
63
MARINE FISH RESOURCE RESEARCH CENTRE, KUALA TERENGGANU
3.2.16 Effectiveness of payao as FADs
A new material, empty drums filled with polyurethene, was
used for the consturction of the payao. Two types of payao were
made, those consisting of 3 drums tied together (payao ibu) and a
single drum (payao anak) were tried out. A total of 12 payao ibu
and 36 payao anak were launched on September 1989.
Monitoring surveys indicated that the payao were effective
in attractive fishes as compared to the traditional unjang. Ikan
selayang (Decapterus sp.) were most abundant around the payao
followed by ikan selar, tuna and small pomfret. Monitoring stud
ies could not be continued for long due to the loss of most of
the payao. The studies will be continued next year.
3.2.17 Tuna landings' in Trengganu
The project was carried out with the cooperation of experts
from IPTP, who visited from Sri Lan}<.a from time to time. Tuna
landings in Peninsular Malaysia declined from 20,730 tonnes in
1988 to 13,625 tonnes in 1989. Landings in Pulau Kambing also
dropped from 433.4 tonnes to 349.3 tonnes during the same
period. The majority of the tunas was landed by trolling. Aya
hitam (Thunnus tonggol) and aya kurik (EuthYDnus affinis) were
landed in more or less similar quantities and accounted for over
64
90% of the total catch. Aya selasih (Auxis thazard) made up the
balance.
The catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the troll boats also
showed a declining trend. It dropped from 217 kg/boat/trip in
1987 to 149 kg/boat/trip in 1988. For purse seiners the CPUE for
1988 averaged between 75-145 kg/boat/trip whereas for drift
netters the figures were 33.6-134.6 kg/boat/trip.
3.2.18 Studies on the landings of trawlers and purse seiners
Purse seiners from Terengganu have rich fishing grounds
just off the coast and need not stay in the sea for too long to
get reasonable returns. For Pahang and ~ohore (East) the pelagic
fisheries resource is limited and the majority of the fishermen
are forced to operate trawl fishing. They also need to stay for a
much longer period in sea to ensure better returns.
The rich pelagic resources off the Terengganu coast is re
flected by the significantly higher landings of the purse seiners
from the state. The average monthly landings per boat amounted to
approx. 35 tonnes compared to 5 to 7 tonnes for boats from Pahang
and Johore (East).
The number of trawl boats above 70 GRT is rather limited in
Terengganu as compared to Pahang and Johore (East). The bigger
trawlers from Pahang and Johore (east) landed an average of 9.3
tonnes and 7 tonnes per month respectively.
65
3.2.19 Catch composition of purse seiners in East Coast.
The catch composition of the purse seiners was monitored at
two landing points, viz. Kedai Buloh in Kelantan and Pulau
Kambing in Terengganu. Some pelagic fish species such as ikan
kembong (Rastrelliger kanagurta), selayang (Decapterus maruad
si), selar (Atule mate) and lolong (Selar crumenophthalmus) were
landed throughout the year in the two landing points.
In Kelantan the landing of ikan kembong OS. kanagurta)
peaked during the periods of January to April (30 - 51%) and
September (42%). Ikan selayang (~. maruadsi) was most abundant
during August (26%) and December (36%). Other major species
landed in Kelantan included ikan tamban (Dussumieria sp.jSardi
nella sp.) with highest landings recorded in May (35%) and June
(42 %).
The average monthly catches of a purse seine boat in Kelan
tan ranged,from 3.4 tonnes (February) to 8.6 tonnes (Septem
ber). In Terengganu ikan selayang (Decapterus maruadsi) was
dominant for the months of January and February (33-48%),
August (45%), November and December (31-41%). Another species,
ikan selayang jarurn (Q. macrosoma) peaked during June, July and
September (36-40%). Ikan tamban (Dussumierie sp.) was caught in
greater quantity during April (36%) whereas ikan kembong (Ras
trelliger. kanugarta) was most abundant during February (28%).
66
3.2.20 Prawn resource studies
Prawn trawling carried out during the months of February and
March and also during September and November confirmed that the
prawn season in Terengganu is from December to February, almost
coinciding with the Northeast Monsoon season. The major species
caught are Metapenaeus affinis and Penaeus merguiensis.
3.2.21 Coastal fisheries oceanography
Measurements on salinity, temperature and current were made
at several stations in Terengganu waters during the month of
August, 1989. Depth of these stations ranged from 25 to 60
meter. Surface salinity off Terengganu was found to range from
32.35 to 33.24 ppt. The salinity increased to 33.25 and 34.00
ppt towards the bottom. Surface temperature varied between 27.45
and 30.30 0 C, whereas bottom temperature were lower at 24.20 to
30.30 0 C. Data on current measurements have yet to be analysed.
3.2.22 Artificial re.f development
Observation on the ecological development of concrete reefs
in Kuala setiu and Kuala Ibai and tyre reefs in Pulau Ekor
Tebu and Pulau Kapas indicated the concrete reefs were more
effective for aggregating marine life forms and also providing
substrate for ecological development. For concrete reefs signifi
cant development could be observed after 4 months of launching,
whereas
Sponges
for tyre reefs similar development would take a
and hard coral could also be observed to attach
67
year.
them-
selves to the concrete reefs within 6 months.
Based on underwater observations, video recording, hand
lining and trap fishing, 57 fish species from 23 families had
been identified around tyre and concrete reefs. Concrete reefs
were also noted to attract a number of fish species not found in
tyre reefs. Such fishes include Bothus
2 is , Diodon sp., Haemulidae, Lutjanus
thr02terus.
3.2.23 Turtle conservation programme
sp., Selaroides e12tole
malabaricus and ~. ery-
Studies on the use of pukat pari, a form of drift net for
ray fishing, indicated that turtles were particularly prone to be
trapped and entangled in the net leading to suffocation and
death. In Terengganu alone 62 turtles were reported dead follow
ing such entanglement in 1989. The figure for 1988 was even
higher at 97. As nestings of turtles on Malaysian shores have
been on the decline lately, the operation of the pukat pari has
been banned as a conservation measure for the turtles.
In
4,247 in
Terengganu, sightings of turtle nestings went
1989 from 4,722 in 1987. Reported sightings
down
of
to
Penyu
290 Bilimbing (Leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea) nestings were
in 1989, indicating that only about 50 Leatherbacks nested in
the year. Each turtle is known to land 5 to 6 times during the
egg laying season.
Sightings of other species of turtles in Terengganu amounted
to 3,068 for Penyu Agar, 270 for Penyu Lipas, 20 for Penyu
68
Karak and 591 for Tuntong Laut.
From 1989, landings of turtles throughout Malaysia were also
monitored with the cooperation of World wildlife Fund (Dr. Jeanne
Mortimer). The number of landings reported for the various states
are: Kelantan, 16; Pahang, 223; Johor (east), 103; Melaka,
180; Perak, 203; Pulau Pinang, 87; Kedahr 110 and Perlis, 3.
The PPSIM also assisted in the management of a number of
turtle hatcheries in Terengganu. These included hatcheries in
Pulau Perhentian, Pulau Redang, Besut, Penarik, Rantau
Paka, Geliga and Chukai. Out of 89,034 eggs received
hatcheries, 58,243 (65%) actually hatched out.
Abang r
by the
3.2.24 Collection and transplantion of oyster spats
The project was carried out in cooperation
preliminary survey indicated that Sungai Merchang
able potential for spat collection and culture of
Crassostrea iredalei~ A total of 238 r OOO of the
with BOBP. A
has consider
the oyster r
oyster seeds
were collected from the area and transplanted on the west coast
of Peninsular Malaysia for culture trials. Trial spat collection
in Kuala Setiu resulted in 28 r 800 seeds of Crassostrea iredalei
and also Saccrostrea sp. The spats were also sent to the west
coast for culture trials.
69
C. MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH CENTRE, SARAWAK
3.2.25 Demersal fish survey in the EEZ waters off Sarawak
The survey was carried out bt-3tween 25.07.90 and 06.10.89 with
the vessel K.K. Manchong. A total of 78 hauls were made, of
which 21 were abortive as a result of unsuitable trawl ground.
The surveyed area extended from 30 to about 100 miles from the
shoreline.
The average catch rate for the area was 118 kgjhr with the
commercial fish making 61% of the catch. The highest catch rate
recorded was 379kgjhr and the lowest 8kgjhr. The greater part of
the catches consisted of lutjanids, carangids, balistids, tachy
suridae, plectorhyncids, rays and sharks.
3.2.26 Trial and development of trawl gear in the deeper waters
of Sarawak
This study was initiated on the basis of observation that
the use of rubber discs, cut from old tyres, in the ground
h~lped to reduce damages to the trawl net caused by small
ropes
coral
outcrops. However the nylon material used for the ground ropes is
not available locally. There is hence a need to develop an alter
native material which could replace the nylon ground ropes. The
70
use of P.E. ropes was experimented upon. Initial tests indicated
that the twine size had to be increased. Trawl nets with the
thicker P.E. ropes performed well in subsequent fishing trials
and was adopted for the recent offshore survey. There is a good
possibility the net could be adopted by the private sector for
offshore fishing.
3.2.27 Experimental trials with fish aggregating devices
in the offshore waters of Sarawak
(FADs)
All the six FADs set in 1988 could not be traced and were
presumed lost. In Maich 1989 six more FADs were set in the same
South Luconia area. Monitoring was initially carried out biweek
ly. However this was not always possible as a result of rough
weather and/or inavailability of vessel. The monitoring was
finally abandoned after 3 of the FADs were lost.
A few schools of ~mall fishes were observed although trolling
yielded no catch during some of the monitoring trips. ble species
bbalistes spp formed the bigger schools of fish observed. Howev
er, no tuna like fishes were seen. Growth of stalked barnacles
was seen on the underside of of the buoy and along the p.E.rope
of the aggregating line.
As the FADs were set at a considerable distance offshore, it
was unlikely their loss could be attributed to poaching by local
fishermen. The possibility of tampering by foreign fishing v~s-
71
sels however could not be ruled out. Drifting as a result of
rough sea could possibly be the cause of the repeated disappear-
ance of the FADs and more effective anchors would be needed to
prevent further loss in future.
3.2.28 Landings of tuna fishes in Sarawak
Four landing points, namely, Sibu, Mukah, Bintulu and Miri
were chosen for the study. These areas effectively cover the main
landing centres of Sarawak for tuna. The study ir.dicates that
only 4 species of tuna are caught in the coastal waters of
Sarawak. These are Thunnu~ j::onggol, Euthynnus affinis, Auxis
thazard and Katsuwonus pelamts. The trolling catches carried out
by K.K. "Manchong" by trolling in waters as far as the Luconia
shoals confirmed that no other species were caught. A taxonomic
identification field guide was prepared and distributed to the
statistics section which hitherto lumped all the species under
"tonggol".
Length-weight relationships and growth parameters were deter
mined. The common method of fishing is by trolling using wooden
boats ranging from 12 to 24 GRT. A small quantity of tuna is also
caught by trawlers.
72
3.2.29 Artificial propagation of terubok (Tenualosa toli) in
Sarawak.
Terubok were caught in Batang Lupar by drift nets during
the peak season of September and October. Dry stripping of live
or newly dead mature females was carried out. The males were
either stripped for the milt or dissected to obtain the testes
which were subsequently mashed and mixed with the eggs for ferti
lization. Three field trials on the artificial propagation of
the fish were carried out.
During the second trial 71 terubok larvae survived the 4-
hour boat ride to Bintawa. 'There was however no attempt to
feed the larvae as plankton culture facilities had not been set
up. The larvae survived till the 8th day. Observation showed the
mouth parts of the larvae were well developed by the 5th day_
The success on artificial spawning of terubuk is believed to
be the first in Malaysia. Future work would concentrate on the
larviculture of the fish. It is hoped that the effort would lead
to the mass production of fry suitable for release for stock
enhancement purpose. The recent decline of the terubok fisheries
following heavy exploitation is a cause for concern, hence the
terubok conservation programme is accorded high priority.
3.2.30 Artificial reef development in Sarawak.
Artificial reefs in Sarawak consist mainly of tyre reefs
73
and sunken confiscated Jderelict vessels. Eight tyre reefs have
been developed with a total of 76,367 tyres. Marine Department
landing crafts were hired for most of the launching. The tyres
were either tied into linear column or' built into pyramidal
shape.
One launching was done in March at the Shiwa shoal off Miri.
A total of 7,300 tyres were launched to create a new nucleus for
further reef extention. The second launching was carried out In
June off Tg. Sipang in the Kuching division using 6,767 tyres.
Monitoring trips were made to the Tg. Sipang reef between
the months of August and November. visibility was good and
varied from about 4 meters to 11 meters. The dominant species
of fish observed were lutjanids of which Lutjanus. linneolatus,
L. vitta, L. russelli were identified. ~ lineolatus were also
seen in schools. Beside the above mentioned fish species, a great
variety of fishes from 13 families were observed in the reef
vicinity.
3.2.31 A prelimnary study of the suitability of the Sematan river
area for tiger prawn farming.
This study was carried out at the request of the state
Government. The area involved was about 320 hectares of rela-
tively flat land bounded by the Sematan river on three sides.
74
Soil
potential
samples
acidity
were taken at 14 stations and
and texture. Samples from 3 of
analysed for
the stations
were found to have high sand content and hence not suitable for
pond
below)
construction. Subsurface samples (taken at 1 m depth or
showed low percentage of acid sulphate (7.14%). The con-
struction of levee ponds without much digging would reduce the
acid sulphate problem.
Water samples taken at various tidal cycles indicated that
the water quality was within the acceptable
prawn farming. This was further confirmed by
range
the
white shrimps and estuarine fishes in the water.
for tiger
presence of
The area is easily accessible by road. Electricity and
water supply are available. It is concluded that the site is
suitable for marine prawn farming.
3.2.32 Cockle transplantation and culture
Transplantation of cockle seeds from Selangor to Muara Tebas
and Pulau Sabak was first attempted during the period 26.6.88
11.7.88. Monitoring in 1989 showed that the experimental culture
of cockle in Muara Tebas failed due to poor cooperation from the
fishermen involved. The cockle transplanted to Pulau Salak grew
well and attained an average size of 2.73 cm after 17 months of
culture.
Following the initial success, a secDnd batch of cockle
75
seeds amounting to 8,695 kg were obtained from Selangor during
the months of October and November, 1989. The transplantation
was carried out jointly with the fishermen in Kampong Salak. The
fishermen assisted in the setting up of the fence, sowing of
seeds and were also responsible for the culture operation. The
major objective for the involvement of the fishermen is to fami
liatize them with the transplantation and culture operation so
that they could later undertake cockle cUltivation on a commer
cial basis on their own.
3.2.33 Mussel Culture
A total number of 200 ropes of mussel spats were received
from Johore on 17.8.88. The ropes were transplanted on the raft
off Pulau Salak. Monitoring in 1989 indicated that the mussels
grew from an initial size of of 2.0 cm (shell length) to a mean
size of 7.83 cm after 9 months.
over 1,400 kg.
Total production amounted to
A second culture was started on June, 1989 with spat from
P. Malaysia. The growth was again encouraging a~d a mean size of
5.72 cm was attained after 5 months of culture. Monitoring on
growth and spawning activity would be continued.
76
3.3 AQUATIC ECOLOGY SECTION, IPP GELUGOR
3.3.1 Research on Artificial Reef Development
The activities were centred on the ecological studies and
the monitoring of fisheries resources around the artificial reefs
of Pulau Payar group of islands, Kedahi Pulau Ekor Tebu,
ganui Pulau Aman, Penang and Pulau Harimau, Johore.
Tereng
Studies
indicated that encrustation on the surfaces of the artificial
substrate to be prolific and a variety of marine organisms were
identified.
At the Pulau Payar tyre reef in Kedah, the fish population
has reached a comparatively stable state with seasonal variation
in fish population. Large shoals of carangids could be observed
at both the concrete and tyre reefs of Pulau Payar. Groupers
were also found to be abundant within the reef.
In general, the major species of fish identified in the
artificial reef sites are snappers, groupers, fusiliers, sweet-
lips, parrotfishes, rabbitfishes, damsel fishes as well as squid
and cuttlefish. Large shoa ls of snappers, 1.:1:1tj,i:!J1U_? spp. and
fusiliers, Cae!2.iQ spp. numbering over 10,000 are not uncommon
over the artificial reef area.
Besides tyres, specially designed concrete blocks and PVC
77
pipes were also used for experimental reef construction to deter
mine their effectiveness as reef materials.
The task of maintaining reef markers or buoys is
problematic. Inspection, repair and replacement are costly for
the present buoys used. There is a need for the development of
cheap and robust buoys for marking reef sites.
3.3.2 study of the status of marine parks and ecology of natural
reefs.
Coral reef surveys were carried out at Pulau Singa Busar and
Pulau Payar, Kedah; Pulau Tioman, Pulau Chebeh, Pulau Tulai,
Pulau Sri Buat and Pulau Sembilang, pahang and Pulau Jarak,
Perak.
About three-quarters of Pulau Singa Besar has been surveyed.
The remaining areas around Tanjung Geting are usually too rough
and visibility too low for diving surveys. The reef edge is
fairly shallow and the onward bottom substrate is a thick layer
of fine silt/mud. Sea whips are fairly common. Dominance by
Pectinia sp and Mycegjum sp is not as apparent when compared to
the eastern side. Large colonies of Porites sp and Favi9/Favi~~~
sp are observed. Smaller colonies of pocilloporq sp can be found
on the reef crest and upper reef slope. The majority of life
forms are encrusting or sub-massive with very little branching
growth forms.
78
Coral Reef studies of Pulau Tioman, pulau Tulai-, Pulau
Chebeh and Pulau Santu indicate that the areas
strong currents are inhabited only by soft corals.
Thorns is a problem in the reefs off Pulau Tulai,
exposed to
Crown-of-
'l'ebuk Bakau
and Teluk Genting. Uncontrolled human activities were also
observed to result in unnecessary destruction to the reef struc
tUre.
From the survey findings of pulau Jarak, it was observed
that the coral coverage was about 35% and comprised mainly of the
massive form. The area is rich in marine life and lS indeed a
good recreational site. It is recommended that protection from
fishing activities be continued although this island does not
require the status of a marine park.
3.3.3 study of the sea-grass ecology
Initial study was centred around the coastal waters of
Peninsular Malaysia. Areas identified for the stUdy were Pulau
Sibu, Pulau Babi group of islands, Johore and Pulau Langkawi,
Kedah. The sea grass covering these areas were species belonging
to the Cymodocea, Holodule, Enhalu2. and Halophila. Further study
will be carried out to look into the ecology and richness of this
habitat.
79
3.3.4 Postharvest handling of fishery products
The cockle depuration project using ultra-violet light has
been demonstrated to be both technically and economically
feasible. studies were carried out using the pilot plant based
on a high density stacked-nest stocking utilising ultra-violet
treated seawater in a closed recirculating system.
The three semi-commercial plants constructed by the Technol
ogy Division of the Department of Fisheries were tested with
cockles from Juru and cockles supplied by LKIM. Tests indicated
that shellfish grown in less polluted areas could be purified to
acceptable bacterial levels within 24 hours.
It is important to note that depuration is a
process, and only healthy and unstressed animals
biological
could be
introduced into the system. Introduction of weak or dying
animals may result in contamination of the system leading to
massive mortality. In this respect proper handling of live
products before treatment is essential.
The level of bacterial contamination in shellfish and in
shellfish growing areas is closely monitored. Procedure for the
identification of pathogenic bacteria in shellfish is being
carried out with the cooperation of the veterinary Department.
The monitoring programme would to some extent determine the need
for depuration for shellfish from specific areas.
80
3.3.5 Monitoring of heavy metals in fish, shellfish and sediment
Cockles and mussels sampled form K. Gula, K. Kurau and P.
Langkawi were analysed for copper, zinc, cadmium, lead and
mercury. Sediments from each sampled location were also analysed
to correlate the metal levels with the respective indicator
organisms. The levels of heavy metals sampled in the cockles ~nd
mussels were all below the permissible limits, indicating little
contamination. The values obtained for sediment were also within
the normal ranges and agreed well with previous data.
Analyses were carried out on sediment samples from sungai
Gelang Patah, Johor. The metal of interest was copper suspected
to be polluting the river via,piggery wastes. However results of
the various analyses showed no elevation of the copper level in
the riVer sediments.
It is important to note that sophisticated analytical
instruments such as the atomic absorption spectrophotometer
gas chromatograph need proper maintenance which could only
carried out by trained personnel. Inadequate maintenance
lead to poor performance resulting in unreliab~e analytical
or even complete failure of the equipment.
81
and
be
may
data
3.3.6 Toxicity Screening of oil Dispersants and Pesticides
Toxicological studies were carried out on oil dispersants
and pesticides. The oil dispersants tested were Emulsol L.W.,
Corexit 7664, Corexit 8667, Corexit 9527, Gold Crew and Soilax.
In all the tests, Dodecyl Sodium Sulphate (DSS) was used as a
reference toxicant to check the condition of fish (Tilapia
nilotica). The screening of dispersants was carried out in water
with a salinity of 16 ppt, with the fish properly acclimatized
before used.
Results of the screening indicated that the dispersants
Corexit 8667, Corexit 7664, and Gold Crew had low toxicity
towards the test fish and could probably be used for oil spill
combats in coastal waters.Corexit 9527 and Soilax had higher
toxicity and should preferably be used only in the open sea.
Besides dispersants, pesticides (Stam F-34 and Saturn 5G)
were also screened with DSS again used as a reference toxicant.
STAM F-34 comes in the form of liquid and contains an active
ingredient of 35% w/w proponil. Saturn 5G comes in granular form
with an active ingredient of 5% w/w Tniobencarb. Proponil was
found to be more toxic.
82
4. MAINTENANCE AND DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS
4.1 K.K. "KERAPU I" (Ali Awang)
K.K. "KERAPU I" was plagued with staff shortage. Only 2 out
of a full complement of 7 crew were left. As a result the vessel
could not be effectively deployed. The activities undertaken by
the vessel for 1989 included:-
13.6.89 - 16.6.89
19.9.89
9.11.89 - 11.11.89
24.11.89 - 29.11.89
Pulau Langkawi - survey for kerapu spawners.
Pulau Jerejak - Cage culture of fish
P. Singa - Reef survey
P. Bidan, Tanjung Dawai,
Reef Project.
P. Songsong -
4.2 K.K. "JENAHAK" (Razak Latun)
K.K. "JENAHAK" was deployed for field work for a total of 42
days. Effective deployment of the vessel was again not possible
due to the post of Serang Tkt. Tertinggi (Captain) being vacant.
Details of the trips are as follows:-
13 - 19 Jan. 1989 Pulau Payar, Kedah-tyre reef/coral reef
24 Jan. 1989 Yan, Kedah - Aquaculture work
30 Jan. - 2 Feb.,1989 Pulau Aman, Penang - tyre reef
83
9 - 17 Feb. 1989 Pulau Payar, Kedah-tayar reef/coral reef
28 Feb.-2 Mar.1989 Pulau Aman, Penang - tyre reef
11 - 17 Mar. 1989 Pulau Payar, Kedah - tayar reef
9 - 14 Aug. 1989 Pulau Payar, Kedah - tyre reef
4.3 K.K. "MER8UJI" (Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin/Alias b. Man)
K.K. "MERSUJIlI was deployed to conduct training and research
cruises during the year. The training cruises were short cruises
conducted by the Fisheries Training Institut Malaysia. Details of
the cruises conducted by K.K. "MERSUJI" are as follows:-
9.1.89 - 13.1.89
25.1.89 - 27.1.89
13.2.89 - 17.2.89
20.2.89 - 24.2.89
6.3.89 - 10.3.89
13.3.89 - 17.3.89
27.3.89 - 30.3.89
17.4.89 - 5.7.89
31.7.89 - 4.9.89
11.9.89 - 13.9.89
25.9.89 - 29.9.89
16.10.89 - 19.10.89
6.11.89 - 9.11.89
Deep sea training cruise (ILPM)
"
" cuttlefish and crab trap trials
Engineman training cruise (ILPM)
"
" Slipping and repair in Limbongan Perikanan, Port Kelang
East coast Peninsular Malaysia oceanographic survey
Trials with 2-seam and 4-seam trawl net
"
" West coast Peninsular Malaysia demersal fish survey
84
20.11.89 - 24.11.89 Ii
6.12.89 - 7.12.89 " 19.12.89 - 22.12.89 "
••• K.K. "PELALING" (Hohd. Taupek b. Hj. Hohd. Nasir)
K. K. "PELALING" was unable to be deployed for prawn surveys
during the year due to shortage of crew except for ,me cruise to
conduct trials with cuttlefish traps. The vessel was also
slipped for repairs:
1.1. 89 13.4.89
1. 6.89 23.6.89
27.12.89 - 31.12.89
•• 5 K. K. "AYA"
slipping, repairs and replacement of main engine in Limbongan Perikanan, Port Kelang
Trials with cuttlefish traps
Repairs at Bukit Tambun slipway
The vessel (stationed in K. Terengganu) was finally condem-
ned on April, 1989.
4.6 K. K. "SENANGIN" (Raja Noordin)
K. K. "SENANGIN" was deployed for various surveys including
prawn monitoring, marine park and artificial reefs investigation,
and coastal fisheries oceanography on the East Coast of P. Malay-
85
sia. The vessel was used for training purpose for ILPM trainees
and scuba diving training. A total of 40 sea days were logged
for the year. Maintenance works on the vessel were carried out
during June and July in a private slipway in Kemaman . .
4.7 K. K. "MALONG" (Yong Ai Hua)
K. K. "MALONG" was in Sibu for the greater part of the year
for repairs, refitting and sea trials. It could not be deployed
in time for the prawn survey as planned. It should however be
ready for the coming prawn season in 1990.
4.8 K. K. "MANCHONG" (Albert Chuan Gambang)
K. K. "MANCHONG"·did 11 trips amounting to 84 sea days for a
variety of activities. These included fishing trials of the
newly designed trawl gear (with P.E. groundropes); FAD setting
and monitoring; site survey, launching and monitoring of artifi-
cial reefs; in situ artificial spawning of terubok (Tenualosa
toli) in Batang Lupar; and demersal fish survey in Malaysian EEZ
waters off Sarawak.
86
5. PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS
5.1 Coastal Aquaculture Development in Malaysia by Ng Fong Oon and Ong Kah Sin. Presented at the 13th Advisory committee of BOBP at Orchid Hotel, Penang, 2~rd - 28th January, 1989.
5.2 Some results of the bivalve transplantation in Malaysia by Ng Fong Oon and Kamal Zaman bin Mohamed. Presented at the Bivalve Symposium at Dagupan City, Plugasinan, Philippines, 5th-6th November, 1989.
5.3 On the Status of Artemia production in Malaysia, by Ong Kah Sin, paper presented at the BOBP Artemia Workshop, Madras 4-5 May 1989.
5.4 Status and problems of mollusc production, sanitation and marketing in Malaysia, by Ong Kah si~ & Rabihah Mahmood. Paper presented at the FAO-France Mollusc Workshop, 15-28 October 1989.
5.5 Fisheries research in Malaysia for the 1990's, by Ong Kah Sin. Paper presented at the Malaysian Society of Marine Sciences Seminar "Research Priorities for Marine Science in the 1990's", held at the Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 18 Nov. 1989.
5.6 Status of Marine Ranching in Malaysia by Devakie Nair. A Country report prepared for the Marine Ranch (Marine Farm) System Course held in Japan from 7th August - 28th November 1989.
5.7 Summary report on the progress of regional research programme on the relationships between the ulcerative disease syndrome in fish and the environment by Md. Akhir Arshad. Presented at the Seminar on ulcerative Disease Syndrome in Fish held in Bangkok, Thailand.
5.8 Kesan rawatan antibiotik oxytetracycline'ke atas penyakit streptococcosis Ikan Kerapu (Epinephelus salmoides) by Md. Akhir bin Arshad. Presented in the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan in Melaka, 27th - 29th June 1989.
5.9 Daya pengeluaran Paya-laut bakau Kuala Sepetang berdasarkan kepada aspek pendaratan sumber udang penaeid by Md. Akhir bin Arshad. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan
87
Perikanan in Melaka, 27th - 29th June 1989.
5.10 Kadar penebaran yang sesuai dalam asuhan benih siakap dari umur 0 hingga 15 hari by Munir Haji Mohd. Nawi. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan in Melaka, 27th - 29th June 1989.
5.11 Keperluan Prot in dalam asuhan benih siakap yang bersaiz 2.0 2.5 cm serta pemerhatian awal dalam penggunaan makanan
kering untuk benih siakap by Munir Haji Mohd. Nawi. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan in Melaka, 27th - 29th June 1989.
5.12 Simple process for agar extraction from Polycavernosa by Ramli Saad. Paper presented during the Seminar on Gracilavia Production and utilization in the Bay of Bengal 23.10. - 27.10,89 Songkhla, Thailand.
5.13 Tuna fisheries and research in Malaysia, presented by Lui Yean Pong at the Western Pacific Fisheries Consultative committee Workshop On Tuna Research, Manila, Philippines, 3 - 8 April, 1989.
5.14 Sumber perikanan laut dalam, presented by Lui Yean Pong at the Seminar Pembangunan Perikanan Laut Dalam Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, 21 June 1989.
5.15 The status of tuna fisheries of Malaysia by Chee Phaik Ean. Risalah Perikanan Bil. 33, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
5.16 Peranan dan sumbangan Institut Penyelidikan Perikanan dalam sistem 2 L, presented by Chee Phaik Ean at the Mesyuarat Kajisemula sistem Pengembangan Jabatan Perikanan, Melaka, Malaysia, 7 - 8 March, 1989.
5.17 Status report of the tuna fisheries in Malaysia, presented by Chee Phaik Ean and Raja Bidin Raja Hassan at the IPTP Third Southeast Asian Tuna Conference, Bali, Indonesia, 22 - 24 August 1989.
5.18 Sumber dan pembangunan perikanan tuna, presented by Chee Phaik Ean at the Seminar Sumber Perikanan Laut Dalam Di Zon Ekslusif Ekonomi (ZEE) Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 20 May 1989 and Seminar Pembangunan Perikanan Laut Dalam Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, 21 June 1989. 5.7.
88
5.19 The second and third prawn trawling surveys off the coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Mohd. Taupek b. Hj. Nasir, submitted for publications.
west Mohd.
5.20 Kajian biologi ikan kembong Rastrelliger brachysoma (VAN KAMPEN) di Pantai Barat semenanjung Malaysia, presented by Mansor b. Mat Isa at the Seminar' Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989, Melaka, 27 - 29 June 1989.
5.21 Bubu sotong di perairan Kedah-Perlis by Rosidi b. Ali. Berita Perikanan June 1989.
5.22 Penemuan awal tiga urusan penting di dalam perikanan pukat tunda di Malaysia, presented by Rosidi b. Ali at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, 27 - 29 June 1989.
5.23 Kajian kematangan dan musim pembiakan udang harimau, Penaeus semisulcatus di Kuala Kedah, presented by Alias b. Man at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, 27 - 29 June 1989.
5.24 Cockle Depuration in Malaysia - paper presented at Seminar on Handling and Processing: The Selling Point Malaysian Fisheries. 27 - 29 Mar 1989, Kuala Lumpur by Portiah Hamzah.
the in
Wan
5.25 Artificial Reef Development in Malaysia - paper presented at the start-up Seminar For Artificial Reef Programme ADBMAL Fisheries Research & Development Programme, 9 November 1989, Penang by Wan Portiah Hamzah.
5.26 Cockle Depuration Programme - Projek Pembersihan Kerang: paper prepared for the Press Conference on the Cockle Depuration and as background paper for the fishermen and cockle suppliers during the Introduction to Cockle Depuration Session - by Wan Portiah Hamzah.
5.27 Growth of corals on Artificial Reefs - paper presented at the FRI Research Seminar, Malacca 25-29 June 1989 by Wong Fai Hung.
5.28 Heavy Metals in some Malaysian Fish - Fisheries Bulletin No. 58 Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture paper by Shahunthala Devi.
5.29 Heavy Metals in Malaysian Shellfish - paper presented at the FRI Research Seminar, Malacca 25-29 June 1989 by Shahunthala Devi.
5.30 "Ikan-ikan di dibentangkan 1989, Melaka Rajuddin.
tukun tiruan Pulau Payar, Kedah" di Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan
oleh Abdul Razak Latun dan Mohd.
kertas 27-29 Jun
Kushairi
5.31 "Daya Pengeluaran Perairan Paya-Laut Bakau Kuala Sepetang
89
berdasarkan kepada Aspek Pendaratan Sumber Udang Kawasan Itu" Mohd. Kushairi Rajuddin dan Hd. Arshad.
Penaeid Akhir
5.32 Liong, P.C. In press. Water supply and treatment for marine prawn hatcheries. Risalah Perikanan, Bil. ~. Hinistry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
5.33 Ong, K.S., Liong, P.C. & Hambal, H. 1989. Teknologi ternakan udang di Malaysia. Risalah Perikanan, Bil. 37. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
5.34 Ong ,K.S., Liang, P.C. & Hambal, H. 1989. Prawn/shrimp culture technology in Malaysia. Risalah Perikanan. Bil. 38 Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
5.35 Liang, P.C. & Subramaniam, K. 1989. Water management in coastal prawn ponds. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research seminar, 27 - 29 June, 1989. Malacca. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.36 Palanisamy, V. & Faazaz, A. L. 1989. The problems of Leucothrix infestation in Penaeid hatcheries. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June,1989. Malacca, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.37 Palanisamy, V. 1989. Progress and problems of prawn/shrimp culture with particular reference scale hatcheries in Malaysia. Paper presented at Expert Consultation on Small Scale Prawn / Shrimp ies. 12 - 16, Sept., 1989. Bangkok, Thailand.
freshwater to small the FAO hatcher-
5.38 Faazaz, A.L. & Palanisamy, V. 1989. Keputusan ternakan larva Penaeus monodon intensif di PPPBUK 1985 -1987. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June, 1989. Malacca, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.39 Mohd. Fariduddin, O. 1989. Teknik-teknik mematangkan induk udang harimau. Fisheries Bulletin, No. 39. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
5.40 Othman, M. 1989. Some results on the transportation of udang galah juveniles in plastic bags. Paper presented at the the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June, 1989. Malacca, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.41 Utama, c. M. 1989. Kesan penggunaan makanan rumusan didalam bentuk butiran kering dan saiz butiran yang sesuai bagi asuhan postlarva udang harimau. Paper presented at the the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June, 1989. Halacca, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.42 utama, C.M. & Yoshimitsu, T. 1989. Panduan makanan rumusan untuk udang. Risalah Perikanan Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
90
penyediaan Bil. 35.
5.43 Zainuddin, J & Yaakob, A. 1989. Makanan rumusan larva udang galah. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June, 1989. Malacca. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.44 Yaakob, A. 1989. Ternakan benih udang galah secara intensif. Buku Panduan Bil. 2/89. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
5.45 Yaakob, A. In press. Artemia - penggunaan di pusat pembenihan udang dan ikan. Buku Panduan, Bil.~. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
5.46 Fariduddin, O. 1989. Kaedah meningkatkan produktiviti di dalam ternakan larva udang laut separa intensif. Berita Perikanan Dis., 1989. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.47 Fariduddin, O. In press. Kaedah menternakan Penaeus larva udang putih (E. merquiensis/indicus). Berita Perikanan. Jabatan Perikanan. Malaysia.
5.48 Induced spawning of Riverine catfish, Panqasius sutchi (Fowler), using pimozide, analog of LHRH and homoplastic pituitary extract by Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Aquaculture Journal (in press) .
5.49 Teknik pembiakan dan pengeluaran benih ikan Keli oleh Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Risalah Perikanan (in press).
5.50 Induced breeding of Mystus nemurus (Valenciennes) using heteroplastic pituitary extract, HCG and an analog of LHRH, oleh Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.
5.51 Effect of betadine on hatchability rate of Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther) eggs by Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.
5.52 The culture of all-male Tilapia in static ponds using pelleted feed with and without the growth promoter, Virginiamycin by S. Pathmasothy. Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.
5.53 Myxosporean infestation in Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) at Batu Berendam, Melaka by siti Zahrah Abdullah Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.
5.54 Aeromonad septicemia in the fry of Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) by siti Zahrah Abdullah. Fisheries Research seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.
5.55 Preliminary results of growth selection on the Siamese Red Tilapia bu Chuah Hean Pengo Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.
91
5.56 Recent advances in breeding and culture systems of ornamental fish by Chuah Hean Pengo Aquarium Fish Seminar, Kuala Lumpur, September, 1989.
5.57 Preliminary Peninsular June, 1989.
survey of t.he ornamental f ish industry in Malaysia. Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, (Chuah Hean Peng & Jamaludin Ibrahim).
5.58 Pemerhatian awal ke atas pembiakan aruhan ikan Temoleh (Probarbus jUllie.ni). Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989 by ( Ahmad Ashhar Othman) .
5.59 Pembiakan dan pengeluaran benih ikan Sebarau (Hampala macrocephalus. Seminar Penyelidkan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989 ( Mohd. Zaini Suleiman).
5.60 Teknik pembiakan aruhan dan pengeluaran benih ikan-ikan Kap India: Katla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) dan Mrigal (Cirrhina mriqala). Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989. ( Mohd. Zaini Suleiman).
5.61 Kajian awal ke atas pembesaran Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) - monokultur dalam kolam semenjak 1985 hingga 1988. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989. (Nik Razali Nik Lah) .
5.62 Kajian perbandingan mutu air sungai Melaka diantara tahun 1977 dengan 1981. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989. (Maznah Othman).
5.63 Pemerhatian awal kultur Moina sp. dan kultur larva chironomid didalam tangki. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989. (Siti Azamah Hj. Mustapha).
5.64 Laporan Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989, "Memaksimumkan Produktiviti Perikanan Penyelidikan". Prk.ML. (Peny.) BB 16/02 (56) (Alexander A. Jothy).
bertajuk melalui
23.08.89.
5.65 Kejayaan pembiakan ikan Sebarau dalam kurungan. Berita Perikanan (5) : 4, Disember,1989. ( Alexander A. Jothy).
5.66 Laporan pendaratan penyu di Terengganu dibentang Mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 Disember 1989, Kuala Terengganu, oleh PP Sukarno bin Wagiman.
5.67 Laporan penetesan penyu Negeri Terengganu dibentang Mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 Disember 1989, Kuala Terengganu, oleh PP Sukarno bin wagiman.
5.68 Kertas Kematian penyu akibat aktiviti perikanan dibentang dalam Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 26 29 Jun, 1989, oleh PP Sukarno bin Wagiman.
5.69 Laporan Risekan Penyu Terengganu dibentang Mesyuarat Majlis
92
5.70
Penasihat santuari Penyu Bil. 1/89, 20 Februari 1989, Kuala Terengganu, aleh PP Sukarna bin Wagiman.
Laporan Kedudukan Penctaratan dan Projek Pemuliharaan Belimbing di Terengganu 1988 dibentang Mesyuarat Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 1/89, 20 Februari Kuala Terengganu, oleh PP Sukarno bin Wagiman.
Penyu Majlis
1989,
5.71 Status Report of Tunas In Malaysia 1988 dibentangkan di Persidangan Tuna ke Tiga di Denpasar, Bali Indonesia pacta 22 Ogos 1989, oleh PP Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan.
5.72 Kajian perbandingan penggunaan payao selinder di perairan Terengganu 1988 dibentangkan di Seminar Penyelidikan perikanan 1989 di Melaka pada 27 Jun 1989.
5.73 Aquaculture Practice in Sabah (with emphasis on Prawn farming in Tawau) by George Chong and Mohammed Mohidin.
5.74 Some Aspects of the Biology and Fishery of Jellyfish found along the Coast of Sarawak by Richard Rumpet.
5.75 Report on first trial trip for Artificial Fertilization of Terubok by Yong Ai Hua.
5.76 Distribution and Biological Status of the Pelagic Resources of Sarawak by Hadil bin Rajali and Richard Rumpet.
5.77 Bottom Trawl Gear Development in the offshore waters of Sarawak Malaysia by Albert Chuang Gambang and George Chong Chiaw Min.
5.78 Perikanan Terubok Di Sarawak by Hadil bin Rajali.
5.79 Tenualosa (~erubok) Biology Survey in Sarawak, Co-author by Hadil bin Rajali, Yong Ai Hua and FAa Terubok Investigation Team 1988
5.80 Some aspects of the Biology of Catfishes, Ariu~ truncatus (C & V) and Ariu~ caelatus (Val.), osteichthys, in the Sungai Salak Mangrove Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia by Pang Suh Cem.
5.81 Kertas seminar 'Some Observations On The Best Trial of Penaeus monodon Culture at The Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Center, Gelang Patah' oleh En. Chuah Toh Thye.
5.82 Kertas penyelidikan 'Mechanical Grading of The Tiger Prawns, Penaeus monodon at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Center, Gelang Patah' oleh En.Chuah Toh Thye.
5.83 Kertas kerja 'Cadangan Bagi Projek Usahasama Ternakan Udang Laut Di Wilayah Labuan' oleh En. Chuah Toh Thye.
5.84 Kertas penyelidikan 'Garispanduan-gprispanduan mutu air
93
5.85
5.86
untuk ternakan udang dan ikan laut' yang dalam proses percetakan bagi keluaran Risalah Perikanan, oleh En.Rosly Hassan.
Kertas penyelidikan 'Estimation of oxygen consumption Tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon' oleh En.Rosly Hassan Shahrom Mohamed.
Kertas penyelidikan 'Kesan karotenoid (Carophyll pink) atas Udang Harimau, Penaeus monodon. I oleh En. Ismail Hassan.
by dan
ke Abu
5.87 Kertas penyelidikan 'Analisa Kestabilan Pelet Kitosan dan Asid Alginik Menggunakan Penanda Radioaktif' oleh En. Ismail Abu Hassan.
5.88 Kertas penyelidikan 'Kebekesanan Alat-alat Pengudaraan' oleh Fauzidah Othman.
5.89 Kertas penyelidikan 'Potensi ternakan ikan Siakap dalam kolam' oleh En.Ramli Khamis.
5.90 Kertas penyelidikan 'The use of raceway system GP300 as a nursery facility for Seabass, (Lates calcarifer) fry' oleh En.Ramli Khamis dan Hambal Hj.Hanafi.
5.91 Kertas cadangan 'Keperluan dan Penggunaan Kaedah Remote Sensing dalam Jabatan Perikanan' oleh Hambal Hj.Hanafi.
5.92 Risalah untuk Berita Nelayan 'Mesin Penggred Udang' Hambal Hj.Hanafi dan En. Azmi Abd. Rahman.
oleh
5.93 Kertas seminar 'Some Observations On The Best Trial of Penaeus monodon Culture at The Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Center, Gelang Patah' oleh En. Chuah Toh Thye.
5.94 Kertas penyelidikan 'Mechanical Grading of The Tiger Prawn, Penaeus monodon at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Center, Gelang Patah' oleh En.Chuah Toh Thye.
5.95 Kertas kerja 'Cadangan Bagi Projek Usahasama Ternakan Udang Laut Di Wilayah Labuan' oleh En. Chuah Toh Thye.
5.96 Kertas penyelidikan 'Garispanduan-garispanduan mutu air untuk ternakan udang dan ikan laut' yang dalam proses percetakan bagi keluaran Risalah Perikanan, oleh En.Rosly Hassan.
5.97 Kertas penyelidikan 'Estimation of oxygen consumption Tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon' oleh En.Rosly Hassan Shahrom Mohamed.
94
by dan
5.98 Kertas penyelidikan 'Kesan karotenoid (Carophyll pink) atas Udang Harimau, Penaeus monodon. I oleh En. Ismail Hassan.
ke Abu
5.99 Kertas penyelidikan 'Analisa Kestabilan Pelet Kitosan dan Asid Alginik Menggunakan Penanda Radioaktif' oleh En. Ismail Abu Hassan.
5.100 Kertas penyelidikan 'Kebekesanan Alat-alat Pengudaraan ' oleh Puan Fauzidah Othman.
5.101 Kertas penyelidikan 'Potensi ternakan ikan Siakap dalam kolam' oleh En.Ramli Khamis.
5.102 Kertas penyelidikan 'The use of raceway system GP300 as a nursery facility for Seabass, (Lates calcarifer) fry' oleh En.Ramli Khamis dan Hambal Hj.Hanafi.
5.103 Kertas cadangan 'Keperluan dan Penggunaan Kaedah Remote Sensing dalam Jabatan Perikanan' oleh Hambal Hj.Hanafi.
5.104 Risalah untuk Berita Nelayan 'Mesin Penggred Udang' oleh En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi dan En.Azmi Abd.Rahman.
5,105 Laporan 'Kawasan Potensi UntUk Ternakan Udang Harimau di Negeri Trengganu oleh Jabatan Perikanan, Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia pada Oktober 1989.
5.106 Laporan Tahunan Pusat Penyelidikan Ternakan Gelang Patah, Johor pada
Airpayau,
5.107 Laporan-laporan Suku Tahun 'Kemajuan Projek ASEAN-USAID Pengurusan Sumber Persisiran Pantai' bagi tahun 1989.
5.108 'Annual Project Task Report 1989' bagi Projek ASEAN-DSAID Kajian Pengurusan Sumber Pantai pada 15hb. Oktober 1989.
5.109 Sukarno bin Wagiman telah menyiapkan laporan dan kertas kerja berikut:
1. Pendaratan Penyu Terengganu.-Laporan dibentang rat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 1989. Kuala Terengganu.
2. Penetasan Penyu Negeri Terengganu.
MesyuaDisember
-Laporan dibentang Mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 Disember 1989. Kuala Terengganu.
3. Kematian Penyu 1989-Laporan dibentang Mesyuarat Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 Disember 1989 Kuala Terengganu.
4. Kematian Penyu Akibat Aktiviti Perikanan.
95
- Kertas dibentang seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989. 26 - 29 Jun 1989 Melaka.
5. Hidupan Laut Merbahaya Dan Pencegahan - In press.
6. Laporan Risekan Penyu Terengganu. Dibentang Mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 1/89, 20 Februari 1989 Kuala Terengganu.
7. Laporan Kedudukan Pendaratan dan Penyu Belimbing di Terengganu 1988. Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 1989 Kuala Terengganu.
Projek Pemuliharaan Dibentang Mesyuarat 1/89, 20 Februari
5.110 Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan telah menyempurnakan laporan dan kertas kerja berikut:
1. Kajian dayamaju peralatan perikanan di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia. 1989.
2. status Report of Tunas In Malaysia 1988. Dibentangkan di Persidangan Tuna ke Tiga di Denpasar, Bali Indonesia pada 22 Ogos 1989.
3. Kajian perbandingan penggunaan payao selinder di perairan Terengganu 1988. Laporan telah dibentangkan di Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989 di Melaka pada 27 Jun 1989.
5.111 A preliminary study of the suitability of Sematan area for Tiger Prawn Farming. Mohammed Mohidin, (March, 1989)
5.112 Aquaculture Practice in Sabah (with emphasis on Prawn farming in Tawau). George Chong and Mohammed Mohidin.
5.113 Some Aspects of the Biology and Fishery of Jellyfish found along the Coast of Sarawak. Richard Rumpet.
5.114 Report on first trial trip for Artificial Fertilization of Terubok. Yong Ai Hua.
5.115 Distribution and Biological Status of the Pelagic Resources of Sarawak. Hadil bin Rajali and Richard Rumpet.
5.116 Bottom Trawl Gear Development in the offshore waters of Sarawak Malaysia. Albert Chuang Gambang and George Chong Chiaw Min.
5.117 Perikanan Terubok Di Sarawak. Hadil bin Rajali.
5.118 Tenualosa (Terubok) Biology Survey in Sarawak. Hadil bin Rajali Yong Ai Hua and FAO Terubok Investigation Team 1988.
5.119 Some aspects of the Biology of Catfishes, hIius truncatus (C & V) and Ari\l§. ~gel<:Lt:&§. (Val.) in the sungai Salak Mangrove Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia. Pang Suh Cem.
96
6. NEW STAFF/TRANSFERS/RESIGNATIONS
A. FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, GLUGOR, PENANG
6.1 Encik Khamarulszaman b. Hashim reported for duty at IPP on 3.1.89 as Kelasi on K.K. "MERSUJI".
6.2 Dr. William S. Alevizon, an artificial expert from us reported for duty on early October, 1989.
6.3 Encik Sadu Singh a/I Sucha Singh PTA reported for duty at IPP on 7.1.89.
6.4 Encik Abu Hassan Ismail, J/injin T/Khas retired on 23.1.89.
6.5 Encik Adam b. Kayat Pegawai Perikanan (Jurutera) reported for duty at IPP on 1.3.89.
6.6 Encik Hussain b. Othman, Serang T/Teringgi retired on 18.4.89.
6.7 Sayed Sahabuddin b. Sayed Alwi transferred to PPL Sarawak as PPP T/Kanan on 15.8.89.
6.8 6.9
6.10
Encik Tajuddin b. Kassim Jaga retired on 18.10.89. Encik Teoh Lai Teong reported for duty at IPP on 11.8.89.
Encik Abd. Manaf b. Daud transferred to PPSIM Terengganu on 11.8.89.
6.11 Encik Jamil Azhar b. Shiekh Awab transferred from Ekologi Section to Resource section on 1.10.89.
6.12 Encik Mazlan b. Johari transferred from Resource Section to Ekologi section on 1.10.89.
6.13 Encik Mohd Yusof Abdullah, Serang T/B reported for duty at IPP on 16.10.89.
97
B. NATIONAL PRA¥TN FRY PRODUCTION & RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAH
6.14 Senior Clerk Md Salleh Bin Abdul Hamid was transferred to Department of Prison, Pulau Jerjak, Penang on 1 Jan. ,1989.
6.15 The post of Senior Clerk was filled by Puan siti Rokiah bt Hj Abdullah from the Makmal Oiagnosa, Jabatan Haiwan Butterworth, on 10 Jan., 1989.
6.16 Mr T. Yoshimitsu, Japanese Expert attached to the left on completion of his two year stay on April,1989.
Centre early
6.17 General worker Abdul Rashid Nasir resigned on 1 June, 1989.
6.18 General worker Azizan Aziz resigned on 1 Aug., 1989.
6.19 Pond Keeper, Encik Butat Solat went on optional retirement on 2 Aug., 1989.
6.20 Temporary Driver Abdul Manap bin Abdullah resigned on 15 Dec., 1989 to join the Prison Department as a Warden.
6.21 Temporary worker, Encik Bukhari Bakar resigned on 30 Dec., 1989 to become a Police Constable.
C. FRESHWATER FISH RESEARCH CENTRE, BATU BERENDAM, MELAKA
6.22 En. Nik Razali Nik Lah, Pegawai Perikanan, was transferred to PPIAL, Tg. Demong, Terengganu on 15.07.89.
6.23 Encik Edwin Arthur, Pembantu Perikanan Tkt. Khas, retired from service on 29.08.89, after serving FFRC for 32 years.
6.24 Encik Zulkafli Abdul Rashid, Pegawai Perikanan, was transferred to Fisheries HQ, Kuala Lumpur on 15.09.89, though he still remains in the staff of FFRC. He is expected to carry out research in Taman Pertanian, Shah Alam.
6.25 Encik Suhairi Alimon, Pegawai Perikanan, reported at FFRC, on 01.12.89, following a transfer from HQ. He has been assigned to carry out studies on culture of Udang Galah.
for duty Fisheries the pond-
6.26 Encik Zainal Abidin Sabtu, Pembantu Am Rendah, resumed duties at FFRC on 01.12.89, after having completed a course in Mass Communicaton at MARA Institute of Technology for about 3 years.
98
7. VISITS/VISITORS
A. FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, GLUGOR, PENANG
7.1 Mr. C.A. Angell (BOBP) visited IPP on 20.1.89, 3.3.89, 20.4.89, 18.7.89 and 27.11 - 1.12.89.
7.2 Dr. N.C. Gillespie, Mr. John Russell, Dr. Clive Keenan and Dr. Ian Anderson (all from Fisheries Research Branch, Department of Primary Industries, Australia) visited IPP on 16.2.1989.
7.3 Mr. Hiroaki Yonesaka (SEAFDEC) visited IPP on 8.3.1989.
7.4 Dr. H. Yanagawa from SEAFDEC visited IPP Glugor on 23.3.89.7.5 Dr. Carlito Barril from The Institute of Chemistry University of the Philippines 28.4.1989.
7.5 Mr Yasuyuki Tanaka, Embassy of Japan, Kuala Lumpur visited IPP on 3.3.89.
7.6 Mr. Olle Bolthias and Mr. Peter Fungard from S.I.D.A. visited IPP on 12.5.1989.
7.7 Dr. M. J. Phillips and Dr. Kamoruporn Tonguthai from NACA visited IPP on 27.6.1989.
7.8 Dr. Sivasubramaniam from 31.7.89.
BOBP visited IPP Glugor on
7.9 Dr. David Jones from the University of Wales, U.K. visited the IPP on 18.8.1989.
7.10 Mr. Cunningham (Member of Parliament, Western Australia) and his wife visited the IPP on 6.10.1989.
7.11 Dr. Janice Warren from the James Cook University, Townsville, Australia visited IPP on 7.11.1989.
7.12 Mr. L.O. Engvall (BOBP), Mr. A. McNaughton (IDRC) and Gary Newkirk (Dalhousie University, Halifax) visited on 1.12.1989.
99
Dr. IPP
B. NATIONAL PRAWN FRY PRODUCTION & RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAR
7.13 The evaluation team for the Grant Aid Programme, JICA, consisting of Prof. Makoto Ohmori, from the Tokyo University of Fisheries, Mr. Isamu Naka, JICA, Tadishi Kunieda, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Shiego Kobayashi, Consultant, and Mr Goto from the Japanese Embassy, visited the Centre on 22 Feb., 1989.
7.14 Encik Mazlan Jusof, Timbalan Ketua Pengarah Perikanan, visited the Centre on 18 Jan., 1989. He was accompanied by Encik Ong Kah Sin, the Director of Research.
7.15 JICA arranged for a press tour of the Centre 1989. Besides Bernama, representatives from Times, Star, Berita Harian, Utusan Malaysia, Jit Poh were present.
on 28 the
and
Feb., straits Nanyang
7.16 Encik Cheah Eng Kean, Senior Fisheries Officer, led a team of consultants responsible for the design of the new Tanjung Demong Finfish Hatchery, to the Centre to explore the possibility of incorporating some of the features of NAPFRE into the new hatchery.
7.17 A group of officers of the Centre, led by Encik V. Palanisamy, visited the newly opened Poultry Disease Centre of the Department of Veterinary, Ipoh to have a look of the facilities available for disease studies on early July, 1989.
7.18 Mr Aoki, Mikami and Hayashi from JICA, Tokyo, visited the Centre on 16 May, 1989.
7.19 Y. Bhg. Dato' Shahrom Bin Hj. Abdul Majid, the DirectorGeneral of Fisheries, Malaysia, and a team of senior officers from Fisheries Headquarters, Encik Ong Kah Sin, and Encik Yusoff othman, the State Director of Fisheries, Kedah/Perlis visited the Centre on 23 May, 1989.
7.20 Dr Ragis Bador, IFREMER, Tahiti, visited the Centre on 3 June, 1989.
7.21 The official opening ceremony of the Centre was held on 5 Jun., 1989 with the Minister of Agriculture unveiling the plaque. Among others, the Director General of Fisheries, senior officers from Fisheries Headquarters and Fisheries Research Institute, the Ambasssdor of Japan, senior
100
officials of JICA from both Tokyo and Kuala Lumpur, representatives from System Science, Kajima, District Officer of the Kuala Muda District, state dignitaries, representatives of the corporate sector and the village folk attended the ceremony. Altogether about 600 people were present.
7.22 Encik Ong Kah Sin, Director of Research, came to the Centre to officially declare open the International Training Courses on Marine Shrimp Hatchery Operation and Management, and Introduction to Brackishwater Aquaculuture on the 5 Nov., 1989. He was accompanied by Encik Yosoff Othman, the State Director of Fisheries, Kedah/Perlis.
7.23 Mr John Branford, consultant to the Ministry of Education, visited the Centre on 21 June, 1989. The Ministry was looking into the feasibility of setting up a vocational school for aquaculture to cater for the need for middle level personnel for the fast growing aquaculture industry.
7.24 Mr E.T. Lim and Erik Van Ballaer from Artemia System, Belgium, visited the Centre on 2 July, 1989.
7.25 Mr Kazuo Okabe, Resident Representative, JICA, Malaysia, visited the Centre on 4 July, 1989 .
• 7.26 Dr. David Jones, University of Wales, visited the Centre on
19 Aug., 1989.
7.27 Mr Ted Cunningham, MP ·from Western Australia, and wife, visited the Centre on 5 Oct., 1989.
7.28 Encik S.H. Cheah and Hj Ahmad Mustaffa Mustaal, from Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang, visited the Centre on 10 Oct., 1989.
7.29 Dr Leong Tat Seng, Universiti Sians Malaysia, visited the Centre on 16 Oct., 1989.
7.30 Encik Sulaiman Abu Bakar, State Director of Fisheries, Selangor, and Encik Abdullah Abdul Rahim operations Manager of PKPS Aquqculture Sdn Bhd visited the~entre to request for assistance in the setting up of a hatchery for the company.
7.31 Madam Lindsay Trott from the Australian Institute of Marine Science, visited the C~ntre on 22 Nov., 1989. She was accompanied by Dr Ong Jin Eong and Dr Gong Wooi Khoon of USM.
101
C. FRESHWATER FISH RESEARCH CENTRE, BATU BERENDAM, MELAKA
7.32 Mr. John Ho, Assistant Director' (Inland Fisheries), Department of Agriculture, Sarawak, visited on 16.02.89.
7.33 Dr. H.R. Schmitto, University of Auburn, Alabama, U.S.A. visited on 17.03.89
7.34 Dr. Naman Rudayat, Director of Fisheries, Riau, Indonesia, visited the Centre on 25.05.89.
7.35 Dr. Leonard Young, Aquaculture Development Programme, Honolulu, Hawaii, visited the Centre on 27.05.89.
7.36
7.37
Prof. T.K. Mukherjee, Institute (I.P.T.), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Centre on 12.07.89.
of Advanced Studies Lumpur, visited the
Dr. Ian Fairne, curtin University of Institute of Agriculture, Northam, W. the Centre on 12.07.89 ..
Technology, Australia,
Muresk visited
7.38 Prof. V.K. Rajbanshi, Department of Limnology and Fisheries, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Udaipur, India, visited the Centre on 19.09.89.
7.39 Dr. Marcel Machiels and Dr. Van Densen, Wageningen Agricultural University, Department of Fish Culture and Fisheries, The Netherlands, visited the Centre on 21.11.89.
7.40 Dr. Nicholas Munong, Member of Parliament for Rajang, Sarawak, visited the Centre on 11.12.89.
7.41 Prof. C.H. Fernando, Department of Biol;gy, University of Waterloo, ontario, Canada, visited the Centre on 13.12.89.
102
8. MEETINGS/SEMINARS/LECTURES/TRAINING
staff of the Institute attended various meetings, seminars, . lectures and training courses both at local and international
levels. Some of the more important activities are listed as
follows
8.1 Encik Ong Kah Sin telah menghadiri:
Mesyuarat J/K Perancang Jabatan Perikanan dan Mesyuarat Pengurusan Jabatan Perikanani
Seminar on "Advances in Fisheries & Marine Sciences - The JICA/FPSS (UPM) Experience". UPM, Serdang, 10-11 March 1989. (As Chairman of Aquaculture Session).
Bay of Bengal Fisheries Programme Workshop on Artemia, Madras, 4-5 May 1989.
Seminar on Marine Sciences & Technologies - opportunities for Venture Investments. Singapore, 29-31 May 1989.
FAO/France Mollusc Workshop, France, 15-28 october 1989.
Malaysian Society of Marine Sciences Seminar on "Research Priorities for Marine Science in the 1990's". University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 18 November, 1989.
MARICULTURE UNIT, IPP, PENANG
8.2 Puan Choo Poh Sze was away for the whole of 1989 attending an M.Sc (Nutritional science) course in~the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, under the sponsorship of the Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship & Fellowship Committee.
8.3 Encik Ng Fong Oon attended:
6th session BOBP and 13th Advisory Committee of BOBP Meeting at Orchid Hotel from 23.1 - 28.1.1989.
103
BOBP/IDRC/USM/IPP meeting on how to cooperate in oyster research projects in Malaysia on 29.4.1989.
Asean Bivalve Symposium at Dagupan city, Pangasingan, Philippines from 6-16 November, 1989.
8.4 Encik Ramli Saad attended:
A study tour on seaweed culture in India and Sri Lanka from 27.5.89 - 13.6.89.
Seminar on Gracilaria Production and utilization in the Bay Of Bengal from 23.10. 27.10.89 in Songkhla, Thailand.
8.5 Encik Ali Awang attended the General Aquaculture training course in Japan under the sponsorship of JICA from March -June 1989.
8.6 Encik Kamal Zaman Mohamed attended the valves at Dagupan City, Philippines from
symposium on Bi-4.11 - 16.11.89.
8.7 Md. Akhir b. Arshad attended the meeting on the preparation for the training course on Fish Quality Control sponsored by ASEAN/Australia on 18.4.89 and 21.4.89.
8.8 cik Devakie Nair attended the System Course held in Japan
Marine Ranch (Marine from 7.8 - 28.11.89.
Farm)
8.9 En. Munir Haji Mohd. Nawi attended the Training course on Nutrition in the Philippines from 11.8 - 28.10.89.
RESOURCE SECTION, IPP, PENANG
8.10 Encik Lui Yean Pong telah menghadiri:
IOMAC Meeting of Legal and Fisheries Experts di Jakarta, Indonesia pada 19.1.89 - 24.1.89.
BOBC/BOBP Advisory Meeting di P. Pinang pada 26-28.1.89.
Bengkel "Tuna Research" Western Pacific Fisheries Consultative Committee di Manila, Filipina pada 3-7.4.89.
Membentang maklumat-maklumat sumber perikanan laut dalam
104
8.11
di Seminar Perikanan Laut Dalam Di Zon Ekslusif Ekonomi, di Kuala Lumpur pada 20.5.89.
Membentang kertas di Seminar Pembangunan Perikanan Laut Dalam Sarawak, di Kuching pada 21.6.89.
Perbincangan dan pemeriksaan kapal penyelidik Negeri Thai R/V "CHULABHORN" di SEAFDEC, Bangkok pada 25-28.7.89.
Bengkel "Penaeid Prawn Recruitment Programme" IOC/WESTPAC di Phuket, Thailand pada 25-30.9.89.
Puan Chee Phaik Ean attended:
"IPTP Training Course on stock Assessment" <md "Workshop on Small Tuna in the Gulf of Thailand & the East Coast of P. Malaysia", di Bangkok, on 23-28.1.89.
Seminar sumber perikanan laut dalam di Zon Eklusif Ekonomi (ZEE) Malaysia di Kuala Lumpur pada 20.5.89.
Seminar pembangunan perikanan laut dalam Sarawak, di Kuching pada 21.6.89.
Mesyuarat Ke-l0 ASEAN-COFAF CgFI di Kuala Lumpur pada 24.7.89 - 27.7.89.
- "ITP Third Southeast Asian Tuna Conference" di Bali, Indonesia pada 22.8.89 - 24.8.89.
8.12 Encik Mansor Mat Isa telah menghadiri:
8.13
8.14
8.15
Kursus "Aquatic ecosystem and their fisheries resources Management" di Bogor, Indonesia pada 13.6.89 - 19.7.89.
Sedang mengikuti kursus M.Sc. di united Kingdom mulai 19.12.89 untuk 2 tahun.
Encik Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin sedang mengikuti kursus M.Sc. di UK mulai 25.9.89 untuk 1 tahun.
Encik Mohd. Taupek b. Hj. Mohd. Nasir telah menghadiri "loth Asian Conference On Remote Sening" di Kuala Lumpur pada 22.11.89 - 29.11.89.
En. Alias b. Man telah menghadiri Bengkel "Penaeid prawn recruitment programme" IOC/WESTPAC di Phuket, Thailand pada 25.9.89 - 30.9.89.
105
ECOLOGY SECTION, IPP, PENANG
8.16 Cik Wan Portiah attended:
Mesyuarat-mesyuarat mengenai Pemilihan "Artificial Reef Monitoring Expert": ADB-MAL Fisheries Research & Development Project.
Mesyuarat-mesyuarat mengenai "Artificial Reef Project: ADB-MAL Fisheries Resource Enhancement".
seminar Pengendalian & Pemerosesan: Aspek Utama Pemasaran Perikanan di Malaysia 27-28.3.89 K. Lumpur.
8.17 Mr Edward Wong Fai Hung attended:
ASEAN - Auatralia National Workshop 4-6 Jan, Genting Highlands Pahang.
Meeting ASEAN-Australia Technical Committee, Dept. of Environment, Kuala Lumpur.
Conference and Exhibition "AQUARIUM", World Trade Centre Singapore 14 - 19 June.
8.18 Cik Shahunthala Devi attended:
Short Course in Atomic Spectroscopy, SIRIM, K. Lumpur 25/4/89.
GBC Seminar on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Penang 12/6/89.
aJ:d uV-Visible
UNEP-COBSEA July 1989.
Training Course on Trace Metal Analyses Dept of Environment, K. Lumpur.
4-8
8.19 In Mohd. Kushairi Rajuddin attended:
Seminar Teknologi sains Laut Australia, K. Lumpur 9/2/89.
Australia, Kedutaan
Mesyuarat JK Kebangsaan Hutan Paya Laut di Taiping, Perak 3-4 Mac 1989.
8.20 En Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah attended:
The First International Aquarium Fish & Accessories Exhibition & Conference, World Track Centre, singapore 14 - 19 June 1989.
First Regional Meeting of Senior Marine Park Managers from East Asian Seas countries in Trengganu 23 Oct 3 Nov 1989.
106
Kursus Remote Sensing di South Australian Remote Sensing, Adelaide, S. Australia 16/12/89.
center 10/11/89
for
8.21 In Abdul Razak Latun attended:
Seminar "Remote Sensing" di Jabatan Perikanan K.Lumpur.
Mesyuarat UNEP-COBSEA bagi Ranger Kanan Taman Laut di Terengganu 29 Okt - 3 Nov 1989.
NATIONAL PRAWN FRY PRODUCTION & RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAR
8.22 Encik Liong Pit Chong attended:
8.23
a study tour on prawn culture in Japan, from 27 Jan. to 16 Feb., 1989. The tour was sponsored by JICA.
the Seminar on New Technologies in Aquaculture' at the Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur held on 17 Aug., 1989.
Puan ture June,
Faazaz Ab. Latif attended a meeting on sea weed culat the Kedah Development Office, Alor Setar on 10 1989.
8.24 Encik V. Palanisamy attended the Seminar on Progress and Poblems of Shrimp culture with particular Emphasis on Small Scale Hatcheries in Bangkok, held from 12 to 16 Sept., 1989 The seminar was organised by FAO.
8.25 Encik Mohamad Hatta Mahmud attended a training course on Prawn Propagation Technique, in sterling University, U.K. from 9 Nov., to 27 Dec., 1989, sponsored by the British Council.
8.26 Encik Mohd Fariduddin attended a computer course on Introduction to Lotus 123 , held in INTAN, sungai Petani from 16 to 21 Dec" 1989.
8.27 cik Safiah Sayuti attended a training COuTse on the Culture of Live Food organisms, Iloilo, Philippines, from 11 April to 9 May, 1989 sponsored by SEAFDEC.
8.28 Encik Mesran Surip attended a training course on Prawn Hatchery Operation and Management from 1 Aug. to 19 Sept., 1989, held in Iloilo, Philippines sponssored by SEAFDEC.
107
FRESHWATER FISH RESEARCH CENTRE, MELAKA
8.29 Encik A. A. Jothy attended
8.30
Meeting on ASEAN-EC Aquaculture Development Component 2 Development or Reservoir Fisheries HQ, Kuala Lumpur on 26.01.89.
Project Fisheries,
Seminar on Advances in Fisheries and Marine Sciences the JICA/FPSS Experience, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang from 10.03.89 to 11.03.89. (Also attended by PP Thalthiah Hj.saidin)
Meeting on the programme, Office 09.09.89.
Batu of
Berendam the State
airport Secretary,
development Melaka on
Aquarium Fish Seminar, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur on 12.09.89. (also attended by Chuah Hean Peng)
Chuah Fish '89) , 1989.
Hean Peng attended the First International Aquarium and Accessories Exhibition and Conference (AQUARAMA
World Trade Centre, Singapore, on 15th to 18th, June,
8.31 Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin attended the Forum on New Technologies in Aquaculture, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur, on 17.08.89.
8.32
8.33
Encik Chuah Hean Peng and En. Nik Razali Nik Lah the briefing on the use of COS-ISIS by BRAIS, IPP, 14-17 March, 1989.
Puan siti Azamah Hj. Mustapha attended the Training on the Culture of Natural Food organisms, SEAFDEC, Philippines, 11 April-09 May, 1989.
attended Penang,
course Iloilo,
8.34 Encik Omar Hj. Abd. Basid attended the Kursus Induksi Pembantu Perikanan, ILPM, Batu Maung, Penang, 22 July - 16 December, 1989.
8.35 Training conducted at FFRC for others
Training by attachment for 3rd year ~Fisheries Diploma students from Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang; 08 February - 06 March, 1989. (5 trainees)
Training course on the Taxonomic Identification of Freshwater Ornamental Fish for staff of the Fisheries and Customs Departments; 27-28 February, 1989. (17 trainees)
Training by attachment for 3rd year B.S. (Fisheries) students from Universiti Perrtanian Malaysia; 24 April-19 May,
108
1989. (2 trainees)
Training by attachment of an armed forces personnel from Terendak Camp; 27 June-10 July, 1989. (1 trainee)
Training by attachment of an officer from the Inland Fisheries Branch of the Sarawak Dept. of Agriculture (Mr. Philip Wong); 2 September-31 October, 1989. (1 trainee)
Training of students from Institut Technologi MARA, Shah Alam; 18 September, 1989. (5 trainees)
BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE RESEARCH CENTRE, JOHOR
8.36 En. Hambal Hj.Hanafi dan En. Ismail Abu Hassan menghadiri 'Third-In Country Meeting For The Development Of A Coastal Resources Management Plan' di Awana Golf and country Club, Genting Highland, Pahang pada 28hb. Februari - 2hb. Mac 1989.
8.37 En. Hambal Hj.Hanafi menghadiri mesyuarat 'ASEAN-USAID Coastal Resource Management Project' di Universiti Sains Malaysia, P.Pinang pada 6hb. - 9hb. September 1989.
8.38 En.Hambal Coastal Insitute September
Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri mesyuarat 'ASEAN-USAID Resource Management Project' di Forestry Research Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor pada 12hb. 13hb.
1989.
8.39 En. Ismail Abu Hassan menghadiri Mesyuarat Tender Makanan Udang di Kementerian Pertanian, Kuala Lumpur pada 28hb. Oktober 1989.
8.40 En. Rosly Hassan menghadiri mesyurat Jawatankuasa Pertanian dan Perikanan Trengganu di Kuala Trengganu untuk memberi taklimat mengenai Kajian Potensi Ternakan Udang Harimau di Trengganu pada 3hb. November 1989.
8.41 En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri Persidangan Tahunan Pegawai-Pegawai Perikanan Kanan Malaysia di Kuching, Sarawak pada 26 - 29 Disember 1989.
8.42 En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri seminar 'Australia's Capabilities In Marine Sciences and Technology' di Australian High Commission, Kuala Lumpur pada 9hb. Februari 1989.
8.43 En.Chuah Toh Thye telah menghadiri Seminar STAFAC/Virginiamycin di Holiday Villa, Kuala Lumpur pad a 23hb. Februari 1989.
8.44 En.Chuah Toh Thye dan En.Azmi Abd.Rahman tel<lh menghadiri Seminar GADELIUS/Pam Air di Holiday Inn, Joh0r Bahru pada 1hb. Mac 1989.
109
8.45 En.Chuah Toh Thye telah menghadiri Seminar Advances in Fisheries and Marine Sciences -The JICA/FPSS (UPM) Experiences di Malacca Village Resort, Melaka pada 10hb - 11 hb. Mac 1989.
8.46
8.47
En.Chuah Toh Thye, En.Rosly Hassan, En. Ismail dan En.Ramli Khamis telah menghadiri Seminar Perikanan Ke 2 di Ramada Hotel, Melaka pada 11hb. Jun 1989.
Abu Hassan Penye1idikan
10hb. hingga
En.Chuah Toh Thye telah menghadiri Seminar shrimp Management and Nutrition di Holiday Inn, Johor Bahru 14hb. Julai 1989.
Pond pada
8.48 En.Hambal Hanafi, En. Ismail Abu Hassan dan En.Ramli Khamis telah menghadiri Forum Teknologi Baru Dalam Akuakultura di Pusat Dagangan Putra, Kuala Lumpur pada 17hb. Ogos 1989.
8.49 En.Chuah Toh Thye telah menghadiri 'Workshop On Handling, Transportation and Upgrading Quality of Aquaculture Products di Cebu city, Philippines pada 28-30.8.1989.
8.50 En. Hambal Hanafi menghadiri 'The lOth Asian Conference On Remote Sensing ' di PWTC, K. Lumpur pada 23-29.11.89.
8.51 En.Ramli Khamis telah menghadiri taklimat Pe:1ggunaan CDSISIS oleh BRAIS di Institut Penyelidikal! Perikanan, P.Pinang pada 14hb.-17hb. Mac 1989.
8.52 En. Ismail bu Hassan telah menghadiri bengkel 'Remote ing' anjuran Pusat Remote Sensing, Fakulti Ukur, UTM 13hb. - 15hb. Jun 1989.
Senspada
8.53 En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri kursus 'Remote Sensing Technology' di Jepun selamam 2.5 bulan iaitu daripada 11hb.Mei - 14hb.Julai 1989.
8.54 PPTAP telah memberi:
1. Latihan ama1i selamam 2 minggu kepada Pembantu Perikanan di PPTAP, Gelang Patah pada 11hb. - 23hb. Mac 1989.
2. En.Ahmad Fuad Ismail telah menjalani latihan PPTAP, Gelang Patah 2hb.Disember 1989.
dan En.Rosli Ismail daripada LKIM 'Teknik Memproses Pelet Udang' di daripada 25hb.September hingga
3. Latihan amali kepada penuntut-penuntut Universiti Pertanian Malaysia dari masa ke semasa.
110
PUSAT PENY. SUMBER IKAN MARIN, TERENGGANU
8.55 Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar telah menghadiri:
1. Mesyuarat Bulanan Pegawai IPP pada 24 Jun 1989, 22 Julai 1989, 25 Ogos 1989, 30 September 1989, 21 Oktober 1989, 25 Nobember 1989 dan 16 Disernber 1989.
2. Mesyuarat Bulanan Ketua-Ketua Seksyen PPN Terengganu pada 17 Jun 1989, 22 Julai 1989, 8 Oktober 1989 dan 26 Nobember 1989.
3. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989, 27-29 Jun 1989, Melaka.
4. FAO/DANIDA Seminar on Fishery Research Management, 11-23 September 1989, Phuket, Thailand.
5. UNEP-COBSEA 1st Regional Meeting for Senior Marine Park Managers of East Asian Seas, 23.10 - 3.11.89, Terengganu.
8.56 En. Abdul Hamid bin Yasin telah menghadiri:
1. Mesyuarat Bulanan Pegawai IPP pada 25 Januari 1989, 25 Februari 1989 dan 25 Mach 1989.
2. Mesyuarat "Expert Group Consultation on Tuna Assessment", 19-21 Jun 1989,Fiji.
3. Mesyuarat BulananKetua-Ketua Seksyen PPN Terengganu pada 7 Januari 1989, 12 Februari 1989 dan 25 Mei 1989.
4. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 27-29 Jun 1989, Melaka.
8.57 En. Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim telah menghadiri:
1. Mesyuarat Bulanan Ketua-ketua Seksyen PPN Terengganu pada 24 Disember 1989.
8.58 En. Sulkarno bin Wag imam telah menghadiri:
1. Mesyuarat Bulanan Ketua-Ketua Seksyen PPN Terengganu pada 7 Januari 1989, 25 Mei 1989 dan 17 Jun 1989.
2. Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Kerja Penyu PPN Terengganu pada 15 Januari 1989, 13 Mach 1989 dan 6 April 1989.
3. Mesyuarat Bulanan Pegawai IPP pada 25 Ogos 1989.
4. Mesyuarat Februari 1989 dan
Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu 20 Disember 1989.
pada
5. Mesyuarat Pembanguan PPN Terengganu pada 29.4.1989.
20
6. Mesyuarat Penggubalan Peraturan Mengenai Penyu PPN
111
MelakajNegeri Sembilan pad a 22 Nobember 1989.
7. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 27-29 Jun 1989, Melaka.
8.59 Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan telah menghadiri:
1. Seminar dan workshop "Small Tunas In The Gulf of Thailand and East Coast of Peninsular 'Malaysia' dari 23 - 28 Januari 1989 di Bangkok, Thailand.
2. Mesyuarat pukat tunda bergu di PPN Kuantan pada 3.3.89.
3. Seminar" Seminar on Advances In Fisheries And Marine Sciences- FPSSjJICA Experiences" di Melaka pada 10-11.3.89.
4. Mesyuarat kajian dayamaju perikanan di PPN Kuantan pada 10 Jun 1989.
5. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989 di Melaka pada 27 - 29 Jun 1989.
6. Menghadiri mesyuarat seksi sumber di IPP Penang pada 21hb. Julai 1989
7. Menghadiri bengkel pengawasan udara maritim di Subang dari 25 - 28 Jun 1989.
8. Menghadiri Persidangan Tuna yang ketiga di Denpasar Bali, Indonesia dari 22 - 24 Ogos 1989.
9. Menghadiri kursus"'Training Course In Computer tion For Tuna Data Base Manegement di Colombo, Sri pada 16 - 27 Oktober 1989
OperaLanka
10. Menghadiri taklimat tukun tiruan ADB di Penang pada 9 November 1989.
PUSAT PENY. PERIKANAN LAUT, SARAWAK
8.60 En. George Chong Chiaw Min attended:
1. seminar Pembangunan Perikanan Laut Dalam on 21 June, 1989, Hilton Hotel, Kuching.
2. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan held in Melaka on 28-30 June, 1989.
3. Seminar on Fishery Research Management Phuket, Thailand, 11-22 September, 1989.
4. Persidangan Tahunan Pegawai-Pegawai Perikanan Kanan, 26-29 Disember, 1989 Kuching, Sarawak.
112
8.61 En. Albert Chuang Gambang attended:
1. Kursus Pengenalan kepada komputer, 20-25 FLbruary, 1989, Kuching.
2. loth Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, 23-29 October, 1989, Kuala Lumpur.
, 8.62 En. Mohammed Mohidin attended the Marine Finfish Hatchery
Course in Iloilo, Philippines, from 11 Jul.- 4 Sep., 1989.
8.63 En. Hadil bin Rajali is currently pursuing MSc. in Science, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K. October, 1989 to 2 October, 1990.
Marine from 3
8.64 En. Benjamin Lai attended a Marine Engineering Course in SEAFDEC, Samutprakarn, Thailand from 18 April, 1988 to 18 April, 1989.
8.65 En. Hussein Rosli attended a Regional Training Course in Fishfinder and Fishing Accessories in SEAFDEC Training Centre, Samutprakarn, Thailand from 22.5.89 - 1.6.89.
8.66 The following staff attended a Diving Course on 18-27.9.89 conducted by Sin Loong Hua Diving School, Kuching:
OKS 900828
i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi)
Ismaili bin Bujang Aliman Mohammed Michael Riong Gaing Rani Kahald Nasir Lolot Dominic Ranjef.
113
Appendix ~
Address of Fisheries Research Institute and Its Branches
Head Office:
Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia, 11700 Gelugur, Penang. Tel. No: 04-881777; 04-881941. Fax No: 04-872323.
Branches:
National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kampong Pulau Sayak, 08500 Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah. Tel. No: 04-474021; 04-474022; 04-474023.
Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, 75350 Batu Berendam, Melaka. Tel. No: 06-223499.
Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, 81550 Gelang Patah, Johor. Tel. No: 07-501202.
Marine Fish Resource Research centre, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-625266.
Marine Finfish Breeding Centre, Tanjong Demong, 22200 Besut, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-976778.
Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa, 93744 Kuching, Sarawak. Tel. No: 082-331281.
114
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rem. Prk. TIB. I. Pem. Mak.
·j9 Pye. Star T/B.
5 At. Mak. 2 Peg. Karan; Kn.
Peg. Karani B. 3 PegR Kerani Ren.
Penjaga Pejabat
Paj. Kolam 2 Tukang K2 TIB
-13 Pekt~r j a Am 4
2
- 4 -11
8
3
128
- 1
- 2
9
4
7
t.
·12
3
3
2
6
-11
73
Pe[J.Pr'k.Kn.T/T HG"
Peg.Prk.T/Kn. Peg.Prk.T/B Pon. Pog.Prk.T/Kn. Pen. P{'g.Prk.T/B Pem. Prk. T/Kh. Pem. Prk. TIB Pye. Stat TIB Peg. KerBn; Am i(n.
Peg. Kerani Am B.
Pem. Ren. Prk.
Jurutaip T/B. Oper". Telefon
·At. ~1ak.
Pctayan Pej ..
Tubm9 K2 T IKn.
T l;k ilng K2 rIB.
Tukang U T 18.
Pe-fnandu
Fekerjf.l Am
Ringkasan Bilangan Jawatan IPP 1989 (Mengikut 8.19);
Kump. A
I(ump. B
Kump. C
Kump. D
Jumlah:
Glugor Pulau
39 8
48
74
169
Sayak
12
5 14
42
73
Batu G.Patah Kuala Jumlah BintnwB Juml.ah B~rendam T'gganu Kecil S/M Sarawak Baser
12
9
27
56
104
5
2
7
24
38
i,
11
15
30
72
24
107
211
414
11
31
43
[\5
83
24
138
254
499
=======~:~===========:=======================;=========:~==================
-1
- 1
-10
8
4
-18
- 1
3
2
3
1
4
1
- 4 3
- 4 -30
104
Peg. Prk. T/Kn. - , Peg. Prk. TIB - 4 Pen. Peg. P,k. - 2 Peg. Kerilni Am I/Kn. Peg. Kernni Am TIB
Pye. Setor TIB Perno Mak. TlB 4
Jurlltaip Jurumudi TIB 1 Penj. Kim. lkan 4 Pelayan rej. At. Mak. 2 Tukang ](3, TIS - 1
J8ga 3
Pekerja Am 8 Pemandu 2 Penj.Jentera Ltr.T/ll-
38
Peg. Prk. T/Kn. Peg.Prk.T/B. Pem.Mak .. TIB. Pem. Prk. T/B.
Jurutekn i k TIEL
,liE. Laut TIT.
- 1
- 3 .. 2
J/E. Laut T/Kh. - 1 J/E. laut T IKn. 1
Serang TIT - 1
Serar.g 1/Kh. - i
Set"<lt'Ig "fIB.
Peg.Kerani Am T/B. - 1 ,Jurutaip
JuruilUdi T 113 . - "I Tukang Masek - 1 Pem.J/E.Laut 2
Kclasi - 4 Mclayan ~
Pekerja Am Pemandu - 1
30
Lampi!'a:! 2
Peg. Pri:. T/Kn. Peg. Prk. PC"IT!.Pr"k. T IKh.
Pem. Prk. T/B.
Pem. M2k. T/Kn.
- i
·10
- 1
4
-10
Peg. Kerani T/B. - 2 Kerani/Jurutoip 2 Serang TIT. - 2 Scrang T/Kh. - ,
Serang T/B. - 3
J/E. Laut T/Kh. - 2 J/E. Laut l/Kn. 2
J IE ~ Lout T IB ~ - 1:'
J'prof.cs Foto - 1 Pelayan Pej. - 1
r~kerja Star - ,
,luf"ulTiudi T liL 4
Pem. J/E. Laut 4
Kelasi -"
At. Mdle - I,
Tukang Masak - 2 Pernbuct Pukat TilL 1
TUKEn~l K2 T IB Tubing K3 TIB
- 1
- 1
JUT'uscl am - 1
JdQa 3 Pencuci Pej. . ,
Pekcrja Am - 5
D0rebel' /4/Bot - 1
Pkj. KIJIl',J. RE'n.
(Sementara Kump. r) - 1
85