Download - Firearm Injuries578
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Forensic Medicine
Firearm Injuries
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Terminology
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Types of Firearm
1. Shotguns
2. Rifled Weapons
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Shotguns
- The smooth-bore weapon
- They usually fire a large number of small
spherical lead shot.
- A shot gun is designed for use up to 3 ! " m.
- #ommon si$es 1%mm& 11mm.
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Shotguns
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Ried Weapons
- 't differs from the shotgun(
1) They fire one pro*ectile at a time.
2) There barrel has a spiral groo+e ,bore).
3) ost of them ha+e a mechanism for bringing a
new round into the breech
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Ried Weapons
/amples(
-- Automatic 0istol( self-loading weapon& where
shells are put into firing position by a gas operated
deli+ery system.
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- The ammunition comes in many si$es.
- 'ts a closed metal cylinder carrying firing cap
a powder.
Ried Weapons
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Mechanism of Injury- As missiles tra+erse the body it causes in*ury by
transferring some energy
- Se+erity of damage is proportional to amount of
inetic energy the density of the in+ol+ed tissue
- 4 5 6 7 892
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Entrance Wounds
1. Shotguns(
- The mass of shot lea+es the weapon initially as a
solid mass& which progressi+ely di+erges from
the weapon.
Contact Wounds (touching the skin)
- When a weapon is fired& the bullet& hot gases
from e/ploding gun powder metal fragments
from the bullet the gun barrel are propelled outof the mu$$le at the same time.
- The hot gases metal fragments are blasted into
the body at the same time as bullet.
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Contact Woundscont.-Round or o+al central defect with an :abrasion collarThe si$e of the defect is comparable to the si$e of the
mu$$le opening or bore of the weapon.
- ;0inun powder blacening of the wound edges
surrounding sin
-#ircular bruise o+er the sin due to mu$$le impact.
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Contact Wounds cont.Summery
-Wounds are circular
-There may be mu$$le mar
-There may be a slight local burning to the sin hair
-Redness from #? gases
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Contact Woundscont.
Muzzle
imprint
@urning
from the
powder
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ear !ischarge
- Within few cm of surface-arge central defect with :stippling or :tattooing
, small& dry& reddish abrasions caused by unburned
powder small metal fragments striing the sin)
-Smoe soiling
-ac of mu$$le martattooing
'ntermediate Range
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Intermediate Range
-Within 2 cm to 1 m.
-Biminishing of the smoe soiling but powder
tattooing persist
-@urning will be present
-The rim of the wound is irregular forming what is
called :rat-hole.
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Intermediate Range
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"ong Range #$%&m'
-Satellite pellet holes will be seen around thecentral wound& which diminishes in si$e as the
range increases.
-the spread of shot in centimeters eCual two to
three times the range in meters.
e.g. if the wound pattern is 2 cm across the
discharge was roughly D ! 1 m so couldnt be a
suicide.
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"ong Range# $( ) &( m'
-Abrasion collar
-Eo smoe soiling& burning or powder tattooing.
-Tissue displacement.
-Rarely fatal.
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!i*erences +et,eenshotgun - ries in entrance
,oundRifled weapons(
- increased tissue destruction due to the high +elocities
-Fsually ha+e an entrance and e/it wound
-stimation of firing range is more difficult than with
shotgun weapons& but in general & contact wounds show
similar features of powder stippling& blacening&
burning& tissue disruption& carbo/yhaemoglobinformation.
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Eit ,ound
-Shotguns( Rarely produce e/it wound because they
tra+erse the body.
-Rifled weapons(
--/it wound is usually e+erted with split flaps.
--Eo burning& smoe or powder soiling.
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/it wound
ntrance Wound
/it Wound
with split flaps
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/it wound
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Accident& Suicide& or
urder-Suicides must show wounds which range within thearms reach.
-Suicides shoot themsel+es in sites of election& which
include the mouth& the front of the nec& the forehead&
or the front of the chest.
-Bischarge into the entrance wound are usually on the
side of the dominant hand& but this is not absolute.
-0eople almost ne+er shot themsel+es in the eye or
abdomen naturally not in inaccessible sites such as
the bac.
-Women rarely commit suicide with guns rarely
in+ol+ed in firearm accidents.
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Accident& Suicide& or
urder-:A shot woman is a murdered woman until pro+edotherwise.
-ultiple firearm wounds suggest homicide
-'n suicide weapon must be present& though it may be
at a distance from the body.
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Boctors duty in firearm
in*uries deaths
-All e+idence carefully preser+ed for the police.
-The sin in post-mortem e/amination around
the entrance wound should be remo+ed ept
without formalin& for forensic tests for powderresidue.
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Thank You