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CAP Safety Meetings
FIRE PREVENTION AND
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS1910 SUBPART L,Q – 1910.157
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
TRAINING OUTLINE
Fire Protection
Fire Ignition and Detection
Classification of Fires
Extinguishing a Fire
Reporting
Since fire is one of the most common hazards in the
workplace, it is important for us to know how to
properly use a fire extinguisher if a fire should break
out. Of course, fire prevention is always the best
safety policy to follow, but prevention is not always
possible. This Module teaches how to calmly and
effectively deal with fires and correctly use a fire
extinguisher.
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
FIRE PROTECTION
The ability to recognize
and take action against
fire hazards in the
workplace will reduce the
need to utilize
extinguishing methods
and will contribute to a
safe work environment.
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
PURPOSE OF FIRE PROTECTION
Fire protection is accomplished by proper:
• Prevention
• Detection
• Extinguishment
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
PREVENTING THE IGNITION OF A FIRE
Housekeeping – proper disposal, proper storage
of materials, and common sense
Move hazards out of affected hot work area if
possible
Protect hazards if not movable – cover or seal
Spark containment – fire boxes
Locate hot work away from flammables
Smoking restrictions
Use approved equipment
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
FIRE PREVENTION
The most effective method
of avoiding injury and
damage by fire is the
Prevention of the Fire
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
NO SMOKING
No smoking in helicopter
landing area
Use approved lighters /
safety matches
Smoke in designated
areas only
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
DETECTION
Constantly look for changing conditions
• Wind / Weather
• Conditions of fire covers or fire boxes
• Process changes: leaks / pipes and
flanges / heated equipment
• Job site emergencies /
incidents / job scope
changes
• Adjacent / near-by area
conditions
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
DETECTION
Use of Gas Detector (by a trained worker)
• Continuous or periodic monitoring of hot work areas
Act on any new hazards detected
• Shutdown work and report to supervisor
• Correct move or protect the hazard
• Report to permit writer &
supervision if assistance
is needed
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
ELEMENTS OF A FIRE
Oxygen, heat, and fuel are
frequently referred to as the
Fire Triangle.
Add in the fourth element,
the chemical reaction, and
you actually have a fire
tetrahedron.
The important thing to
remember is: take any of
these things away, and you
will not have a fire or the fire
will be extinguished.
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
CHEMISTRY OF A FIRE
Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid
oxidation or burning of a fuel
Re-flash is a condition
that can occur after a
fire appears to have been
extinguished and all of
the elements of fire come
together again in the
proper amounts
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NOTE: Never use water to put
out a grease fire!
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
SOURCES OF IGNITION
Electrical
Smoking
Friction
Burner Flames
Hot Surfaces
Overheated Material
Spontaneous Ignition
Cutting And Welding
Chemical Reactions
Static Sparks &
Lightning
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
FOUR ELEMENTS OF FIRE
Oxygen - Fire needs only 16% to occur
Heat - Energy needed to make the fuel
give off vapors for fire to start
Chemical - Occurs when the three elements
Reaction are in proper mixture
Fuel - Can be any combustible
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
Not all fires are the same!
They are classified according to the
type of fuel that is burning.
If you use the wrong type of fire
extinguisher on a class of fire, you
can, in fact, make matters worse.
It is therefore very important to
understand the four different fire
classifications.
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
Class “A” Fires
• Ordinary combustibles (Wood, Paper, Trash)
• Any material that leaves an ash after burning
• Water serves to reduce the temperature
Class “B” Fires
• Flammable Liquids (Oil, Gas, Grease)
smothering effects which cuts off the oxygen
supply is most effective
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
Class “C” Fires
• Energized Electrical Equipment
• De-energize the circuit
• Non-conductive extinguishing agent
• Such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Class “D” Fires
• Combustible Metals (Magnesium, Titanium,
Sodium)
• Require Special Extinguishing Agents
(Dry Powers, DO NOT USE WATER)
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
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Used properly, portable fire extinguishers can save lives
and property by putting out small fires in the workplace
or containing one until the fire fighting personnel arrive.
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
EXTINGUISHING METHODS
Cooling or Quenching
• Involves the absorption of heat while cooling the fuel to a point
where it no longer releases flammable vapors
Removal of Fuel
• Involves elimination of the source of the fuel, such as closing the
fuel valve on a natural gas fire, or transferring unburned fuel into
another tank, etc.
Smothering or Blanketing
• Removal of oxygen from the fire such as placing the lid on a
grease fire in a pan
NOTE: Some fires cannot be extinguished by smothering. For example,
ethylene oxide contains its own oxygen and requires special fire
fighting materials.
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
INSPECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Fire Extinguishers shall be inspected when initially
placed in service and thereafter at approximately 30-day
intervals.
When inspecting fire extinguishers you should look for:
• Seal is in place and not broken
• Inspection tag up to date
• Nozzle is not plugged
• Look for corrosion on the
sides and bottom
• Pressure gauge in green
(if it has one)
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Remember the word PASS, which stands for:
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
This will allow you to discharge
the extinguisher.
Test the extinguisher, make
sure it works.
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Pull the Pin
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
If you aim at the flames (which
is frequently the temptation),
the extinguishing agent will fly
right through and do no good
You want to hit the fuel
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HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Aim at the base of the fire
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
Squeeze the trigger and start using the
extinguisher from a safe distance away, then
move forward
Sweep from side to side until the fire is
completely out
Once the fire is out,
keep an eye on the
area in case it re-ignites
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HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
Never turn your back to a fire or what was a fire
Keep it in front of you
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HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
INCIPIENT STAGE
The time to use an extinguisher is in the Incipient Stage,
or beginning stages of a fire.
If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply
evacuate, and if in a building, close doors and windows
behind you as you leave.
Incipient stage fire
extinguishments means:
• Emergency Shut Down System
• Report Fire / Get Help
• Extinguish Fire only if you
think you can do so safely
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Get Some Help!
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
CLASS A, B & C FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
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=
ABC type dry chemical fire extinguishers
utilize a non-toxic monoammonium phosphate dry
chemical agent, which is highly effective against
Class A, B and C fires.
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TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
20 POUND DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER
For class “B” and “C” fires
(preferred extinguisher for class B fire)
20 pounds of highly refined dry chemical
(bicarbonate soda)
Activated by 5 1/2 oz. cartridge of CO2
(750 PSI in cylinder) pressure
extinguisher cylinder to 225 lbs.
Discharge 1 lb of powder per second
(extinguisher lasts 20 seconds)
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
20 POUND DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER
How to activate
1. Break the hose seal and remove nozzle from holder.
2. Lean extinguisher at 45 degree angle away from body.
3. Reach around the extinguisher without putting any body part
over the refill cap.
4. Push down on plunger to activate CO2 cartridge.
5. Squeeze nozzle to assure
extinguisher works.
6. Discharge at base of fire.
7. Be careful not to get too close to a
burning puddle of liquid. Pressure
from the nozzle could cause the
liquid to splash.
8. Attack fire from the upwind position.
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
15 POUND CO2 EXTINGUISHER
Carbon Dioxide gives fast, safe and effective protection
for fires involving electrical equipment and flammable
liquids.
They are generally suited for use indoors, making them
ideal for today's office environments.
The cylinders are manufactured from
lightweight high grade aluminum, they
are highly effective, easy to use and
leave no messy residue to clear up.
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
15 POUND CO2 EXTINGUISHER
For class “B” and “C” fires
(preferred extinguisher for class C fire)
Cylinder holds 15 pounds of liquid ( CO2) carbon
dioxide
Under a pressure of 850 - 900 pounds
Full weight approximately 41 pounds
Effective range 6 - 7 feet
Lasts 12 seconds
Leaves no residue
Does not conduct electricity
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
CLASS C FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
For class “B” and “C” fires
(preferred extinguisher for class C fire)
Cylinder holds 15 pounds of liquid ( CO2)
carbon dioxide
Under a pressure of 850 - 900 pounds
Full weight approximately 41 pounds
Effective range 6 - 7 feet
Lasts 12 seconds
Leaves no residue
Does not conduct electricity
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
You can recognize a CO2 extinguisher by its hard horn and lack of
pressure gauge.
Carbon Dioxide extinguishers are filled with non-flammable carbon
dioxide gas under extreme pressure.
The pressure in the cylinder is so great that when you use one of
these extinguishers, bits of dry ice may shoot
out the horn.
These extinguishes work by displacing oxygen,
or taking away the oxygen element of the fire
triangle.
The carbon dioxide is also very cold as it comes
out of the extinguisher, so it cools the fuel as well.
Therefore, be careful where you touch a spent
CO2 fire extinguishers!
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CLASS C FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
CLASS D FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Class D fires involve combustible
metals, such as:
• Magnesium
• Potassium
• Sodium
These materials burn at high
temperatures and will react
violently with water
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NEVER FIGHT A FIRE!
If it is spreading from its starting spot
If you cannot have your back to an exit
If the fire could block your escape route
To fight a fire, you need proper equipment and training
REPORT ALL FIRES!!!
If you don't have the correct type or large enough
extinguisher
If you are uncomfortable with the situation for any
reason, just let experienced fire fighters do their job.
Revision: 06-201034
Remember, use incipient fire fighting techniques only!
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NEVER FIGHT A FIRE!
If the fire is producing large amounts of smoke that
you would have to breathe in order to fight it.
If any sort of combustion will produce some amount of
carbon monoxide, but when synthetic materials such as
the nylon in carpeting or foam padding in a sofa burn, they
can produce highly toxic gases such as hydrogen cyanide,
acrolein, and ammonia in addition to carbon monoxide.
These gases can be fatal in very small amounts.
In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something
unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out
quickly, and you don't want to become trapped.
Remember, always keep an exit at your back.
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STOP, DROP, AND ROLL
If you should catch on fire remember to:
• STOP
• DROP
• ROLL
Revision: 06-201036
DROP
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STOP, DROP, AND ROLL
Each year more than 15,000 people are seriously burned when their
clothes catch on fire. In more than half of the incidents, flammable
liquids or vapors were present on or around the person's clothing. It
can happen in many ways. When a person's clothing catches on fire,
action must be instinctive and immediate. There is no time to think.
The one thing you should never do is run.
The principles of STOP, DROP and ROLL are simple:
• Stop, do not run, if your clothes catch on fire.
• Drop to the floor in a prone position.
• Cover your face with your hands to protect it from the flames.
• Roll over and over to smother the fire. Don't stop until the flames have been
extinguished.
If you are near someone whose clothing catches on fire, be sure to
stop them from running and make them STOP, DROP and ROLL.
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CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention
SUMMARY
Prevention
Report Fires / Get Help
Understand what’s burning
If you think you can put the fire out with a fire
extinguisher do so, if not,
Get Help
You need the proper
training and equipment
to fight large fires
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CAP Safety Meetings Fire Prevention / Extinguishers
STUDENT NAME:
Student Quiz QUIZ DATE:
STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS: Circle the letter representing the correct answer to each quiz question below. Sign and date this quiz sheet.
©2010 Copyright - PEC/Premier Safety Management, Inc. - All rights reserved. Page – 1
1. The ability to recognize and take action against fire hazards in the workplace will reduce the need to utilize extinguishing methods and will contribute to a safe work environment.
A. True B. False
2. Fire protection is accomplished by:
A. Prevention
B. Detection
C. Extinguishment
D. All of the above
3. Classification of fires include:
A. Class A Fires – (Ordinary combustibles – wood, paper, trash)
B. Class B Fires – (Flammable Liquids – oil, gas, grease)
C. Class C Fires – (Energized Electrical Equipment)
D. Class D Fires – (Combustible Metals – Magnesium, Titanium, Sodium)
E. All of the above
4. Fire extinguishing methods include:
A. Use of wet clothes
B. Use of rubber gloves
C. Cooling or Quenching, Removal of Fuel and/or Smothering or Blanketing
D. Use of steel toe boots
5. When inspecting fire extinguishers you should: make sure the seal is in place and not broken, inspect the tag date, ensure nozzle is not plugged, inspect for corrosion, and ensure pressure gauge is in green if equipped.
A. True B. False
6. When extinguishing a fire, which method is the current method when using a fire extinguisher:
A. Shake extinguisher and aim at the top of the fire and as close as possible
B. Wrap a wet rag around the extinguisher to keep it from getting to hot
C. Pull the pin, aim at the base of the fire, squeeze the handle, and sweep from side to side.
D. Place the extinguisher on the ground and squeeze the handle
7. Incipient Stage Fire Extinguishments means: Activate emergency shutdown system, report fire/get help, and extinguish fire only if you can do so safely.
A. True B. False
8. You do not need proper equipment or training when fighting a fire as long as you have watched a safety video.
A. True B. False
9. In the event you catch on fire or see someone who is on fire you should stop, drop, and roll.
A. True B. False
10. You can use water to extinguish a grease fire as long as you are a safe distance from the fire.
A. True B. False
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CAP Safety Meetings Fire Prevention / Extinguishers
STUDENT NAME:
Student Quiz QUIZ DATE:
STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS: Circle the letter representing the correct answer to each quiz question below. Sign and date this quiz sheet.
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STUDENT QUIZ – ANSWER KEY Below is the answer key for the above quiz. Obviously, do not print this page when printing the quiz for the students.
1. A
2. D
3. E
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. B
Sign-In Sheet for Safe Operations Meeting
Date: Conducted By:
Means to Verify Understanding: □ Quiz □ Q & A - Group Discussion □ Hands On Demo
Safety Topic(s) Covered: Fire Prevention & Fire Extinguishers
Name ( p r I n t ) Signature Employee # or Last 4
digits of SS #
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