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SEMINAR
on
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
Submitted b :www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com
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CONTENTS
1.OVERVIEW
2.WHAT IS BCI?
3.MAJOR COMPONENTS OF BCI
4.TYPES OF BCI
5.WHY BCI.?
6.BCI APPLICATIONS
7.BCI DISCIPLINE
8.PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
9.ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
10.FUTURE WORK
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OVERVIEW
A direct technological interfacebetween a brain and a computer
Theoretical backgroundAbout 100 billions of neurons
Each has thousands of connections
Brain is connected to sensors andactuators
Body organs
Brain
X2
...
F(Xi)i=1..n
Neuron
Y
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WHAT IS BCI?
BCIs read electrical signals or other manifestations ofbrain activity and translate them into a digital form
that computers can understand, process, and convertinto actions of some kind, such as moving a cursor or
turning on a TV.
BCI can help people with inabilities to controlcomputers, wheelchairs, televisions, or other devices
with brain activity.
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MAJOR COMPONENTS OF BCI
Ways of measuring neural signals from the humanbrain
Methods and algorithms for decoding brainstates/intentions from these signals
Methodology and algorithms for mapping thedecoded brain activity to intended behavior or action
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TYPES OF BCIs
Invasive techniques, which implant electrodesdirectly onto a patients brain
Electrode implantsChip implants
Noninvasive techniques, in which medical scanningdevices or sensors mounted on caps or headbands
read brain signals
Output: EEG, MEG, fMRI
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WHY BCI?
BCI is a new neuroscience paradigm that might helpus better understand how the human brain works
BCI research allows us to develop a new class ofbioengineering control devices and robots
BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improvingperformance
BCI can expand possibilities for advanced humancomputer interfaces (HCIs)
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HOW BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES WORK
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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
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WHAT IS AN EEG?
An electroencephalogramis a measure of the brain'svoltage fluctuations as detected from scalp electrodes.
It is an approximation of the cumulative electricalactivity of neurons.
EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain with
multiple electrodes placed on the scalp
It is portable and relative inexpensive that is why most
noninvasive BCIs are presently based on EEG.
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PHYSICAL MECHANISMAS
EEGs require electrodes attached
to the scalp with sticky gel
Require physical connection to themachine
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Enabling disabled peopleoVision and hearing
oParalysis treatment
oProsthetic devices (legs, hands etc)
PsychotherapyoDiagnostics
oTreatment
Military and civil researchoMaking dangerous jobs
BCI APPLICATIONS
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BCI APPLICATIONS CONTooProvide a means of communication to
completeley
paralysed patients
oSurgically implanted devices used as
replacement
for paralysed patients
oAllow patients to control a computer by concious
changes of brain activity
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BCIs will help creating a Direct communication between ahuman or animal brain and computers.
Techniques like EEG,MEG and neurochips have come intodiscussions since the BCI application have started developing
This has provided a new work area for scientists andresearchers
around the world.
Also it provides better living, more features, moreadvancement
ADVANTAGES
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Have a very low data rate, typical a few bit persecond or
less
High Precision (can be used reliably)
Low bandwidth
ADVANTAGES CONT
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In case of Invasive BCI there is a risk of formationuse scar tissue
There is a need of extensive training before usercan usetechniques like EEG
BCI techniques still require much enhancementbeforethey can be used by users as they are slow
BCI techniques are costly.
DISADVANTAGE
S
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FUTURE WORK
Improving physical methods for gathering EEGs
Improving generalization
Improving knowledge of how to interpret waves
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Thanks For Your Time.
Any Questions.?