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Feedback on Fight Back!For Fight Back! references, news, follow-ups, and to offer your ownlinks, feedback, and suggestions for further reading on the protests,please visit the Fight Back! page, at http://opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/ourkingdom/fight-back.
http://www.bit.ly/fightbackUK
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A Reader on the Winter of Protest
Editor: Dan HancoxEditorial Kettle: Guy Aitchison, Siraj Datoo, Cailean Gallagher, LauriePenny, Aaron Peters and Paul Sagar
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Published by openDemocracy via OurKingdom.
Published online February 2011Published in print March 2011
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Editorial KettleThe editorial team were all kettled by the Police, November-December 2010.
Editorial Kettle
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Publishing and Design Team
dasein
Publishing and Design Team
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ContentsNOTE FROM THE EDITOR ............................................................. 10FOREWORD .................................................................................. 12
Anthony Barnett, openDemocracyOVERVIEWS ................................................................................. 30
Laurie Penny and Rowenna Davies, openDemocracy
Cailean Gallagher, Oxford Left Review
Guy Aitchison and Aaron PetersTHE DEMONSTRATIONS ................................................................ 62
Laurie Penny, New Statesman
Guy Aitchison, openDemocracy
Sophie Burge, TheSite.org
Paul Sagar, Bad Conscience
Siraj Datoo, The Student Journals
Jonathan Moses, openDemocracy
Oliver Huitson, openDemocracyTHE OCCUPATIONS.......................................................................96
Oliver Wainwright, Building Design
Joanna Biggs, London Review of Books
Genevieve Dawson
Asher Goldman, Libcom.org
Owen Hatherley, openDemocracyTHE FLASH MOBS....................................................................... 124
Contents
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Johann Hari, The Independent
Alan Finlayson ,openDemocracy
UK Uncut, Big Society Revenue & CustomsTHE UNIVERSITIES ......................................................................138
Aaron Peters, openDemocracy
Alan Finlayson and Tony Curzon Price, openDemocracy
Peter Johnson, openDemocracy
Rosemary Bechler, openDemocracy
Trevor Smith, openDemocracyTHE UNDER 19S .......................................................................... 176
Anthony Painter, Left Foot Forward
Ben Martin
Ben Braithwaite
Anna Mason, UK Uncut
Tasha BellTHE STATE AND VIOLENCE......................................................... 196
Daniel Trilling, New Statesman
Jeremy Gilbert, New Statesman
Ryan Gallagher, openDemocracy
Tom Griffin, openDemocracy
James Butler, Pierce Penniless
Contents
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Rory Rowan, Critical Legal ThinkingTHE TRADE UNIONS ................................................................... 236
Len McCluskey, The Guardian
Keith Ewing, openDemocracy
John Stuttle, openDemocracyTHE AESTHETICS ....................................................................... 246
Jesse Darling, Brave New What
Dan Hancox
Adam Harper, Rouges FoamTHE GENERATIONS..................................................................... 278
Anthony Barnett, New Statesman
Gerry Hassan, The Scotsman
Nick Pearce, IPPR
Laurie Penny, The Guardian
Maeve McKeown, UCL Occupation BlogAFTERWORDS............................................................................. 304
Markus Malarkey, Ceasefire
Guy Aitchison, openDemocracyAPPENDICES............................................................................... 320
Third Estate
Third Estate
Third Estate
Contents
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Note From The EditorFight Back!
Fight Back’s
Fight Back!
Note From The Editor
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#solidarity
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Foreword: A Fight For TheFutureAnthony Barnett
social
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Fight Back!
this
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Losing the future
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The Browne Review
HigherAmbitions: the future of universities in a knowledge economy
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HigherAmbitions
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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The Coalition’s collision course
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only way
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‘cut back!’‘fight back!’
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From protest to politics
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they
protests
politics.
Here is why:
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The new Levellers
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NetrootsUK
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Fight Back!
Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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OVERVIEWS
Overviews
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You say you want arevolution...Laurie Penny and Rowenna Davies, openDemocracy
How to believe in change? This exchange was published in July 2010but it prefigures the energy and issues released by the protests thaterupted in November and December, and expresses the frustrationsthat were building up well before the Conservative-LiberalDemocrat government announced its plans for higher education.
Laurie Penny:
You say you want a revolution...
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You say you want a revolution...
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You say you want a revolution...
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Rowenna Davies:
You say you want a revolution...
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You say you want a revolution...
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Laurie Penny:
You say you want a revolution...
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You say you want a revolution...
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You say you want a revolution...
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From the Reactive to theCreativeCailean Gallagher, Oxford Left Review
Beyond the Cuts
From the Reactive to the Creative
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From the Reactive to the Creative
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The role of students
From the Reactive to the Creative
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The potential
From the Reactive to the Creative
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From the Reactive to the Creative
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The Open-Sourcing ofPolitical Activism: How theinternet and networks helpbuild resistanceGuy Aitchison and Aaron Peters
The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The ‘open sourcing’ of political activism
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The potential for open source resistance in aglobalized world
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The limits of recent protest movements in theUK
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The genesis of networked protest
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The birth of the student movement
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Horizontal organisation in the studentmovement
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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Conclusion
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THEDEMONSTRATIONS
After the publication of the Browne Report in October 2010, therewas a surge of dissent and debate, in response to the radical changes tothe British education system that lay ahead. To take part in theprotest movement in November and December was to experience anintense, ever-evolving process that began with a traditional march,and ended with a siege of parliament itself.
On 10 November, the first major demonstration against theConservative-Lib Dem coalition proposals took place. Over 50,000students and sympathetic parties took to the streets, and severalhundred occupied the Conservative HQ at Millbank Tower inLondon, cheered on by thousands more. In the month that followedMillbank, a series of street demonstrations took place in the capital,supported by numerous other actions, protests and occupations acrossthe country in opposition to the government's fees and cuts agenda.
Each of the major protests was characterised by different tacticsand effects – and widely identified by the Twitter hashtags protestersused to follow developments: #dayx, #dayx2, and #dayx3.
The first, #dayx, was characterised by the iconoclastic stormingand occupation of Millbank.
The second, #dayx2, became known as ‘the cat-and-mouse protest’,because it saw separate tributaries of the main demonstrationspontaneously split off to escape Police kettling, running milesthrough the London snow from Victoria to Bank, from the Barbicanto Trafalgar Square.
The Demonstrations
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The third, #dayx3, took place on the day the House of Commonsvoted in favour of the rise in tuition fees: as the vote was passed,shortly after 5.30pm, thousands of protesters remained kettleddirectly outside in Parliament Square. The protesters variouslydanced, chanted, made new friends, clashed with Riot Police, andeven tried to storm the Treasury building – later, over a thousandprotesters were kettled on Westminster Bridge, in a situation sodangerous a doctor warned that a Hillsborough type disaster hadbeen only narrowly averted.
Each demonstration was different, in its tactics, and in the effect itproduced. As Jonathan Moses writes in this section, “a Britishinstitution – the protest march – was undergoing a transformativemoment”.
The Demonstrations
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Inside the Millbank TowerriotsLaurie Penny, New Statesman
Inside the Millbank Tower riots
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Inside the Millbank Tower riots
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Inside the Millbank Tower riots
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Inside the Millbank Tower riots
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Inside the Millbank Tower riots
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The Significance of MillbankGuy Aitchison, openDemocracy
The Significance of Millbank
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The Significance of Millbank
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The Significance of Millbank
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The Significance of Millbank
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The Significance of Millbank
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I was held at a studentprotest for five hoursSophie Burge, TheSite.org
Getting heard without a vote
I was held at a student protest for five hours
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I was held at a student protest for five hours
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Trying to stay warm
I was held at a student protest for five hours
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On Riots and Kettles,Protests and ViolencePaul Sagar, Bad Conscience
The Riot
On Riots and Kettles, Protests and Violence
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The Kettle
On Riots and Kettles, Protests and Violence
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On Riots and Kettles, Protests and Violence
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Kettled In ParliamentSquareSiraj Datoo, The Student Journals
Kettled In Parliament Square
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Kettled In Parliament Square
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Kettled In Parliament Square
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Kettled In Parliament Square
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Kettled In Parliament Square
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Kettled In Parliament Square
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Kettled In Parliament Square
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Postmodernism in theStreets: the tactics ofprotest are changingJonathan Moses, openDemocracy
Postmodernism in the Streets: the tactics of protest are changing
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Postmodernism in the Streets: the tactics of protest are changing
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Postmodernism in the Streets: the tactics of protest are changing
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Postmodernism in the Streets: the tactics of protest are changing
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Kettling – an attack on theright to protestOliver Huitson, openDemocracy
Kettling – an attack on the right to protest
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Kettling – an attack on the right to protest
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THE OCCUPATIONS
While students and activists took to the streets in protest, there werethe in-between times to think about – and the need to inculcategreater support, awareness, and activist skills within the studentmovement: over 30 universities across the country went intooccupation, many for weeks, with students living, eating, andsleeping in the occupied space. This had great practical benefits,creating spaces to share ideas, build solidarity networks, and planfuture protests and actions – and it was also, as Owen Hatherleyargues, a symbolic response to the wider privatisation of public spacethat New Labour had pursued: “It is a protest against the coalition,to be sure, but it's also a magnificent rejection of the fear, quietismand atomisation that was the result of earlier policies. The students'use of space is fearless.”
The Occupations
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Beyond The OccupationOliver Wainwright, Building Design
Beyond The Occupation
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At The OccupationJoanna Biggs, London Review of Books
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At The Occupation
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At The Occupation
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30 Hours in the RadicalCameraGenevieve Dawson
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Why a library?
30 Hours in the Radical Camera
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30 Hours in the Radical Camera
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Why occupation?
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A violent occupation?
30 Hours in the Radical Camera
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Who is the university?
30 Hours in the Radical Camera
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Interview with a RoyalHolloway anarchistAsher Goldman, Libcom.org
This is an excerpt from an interview with Dan, a former member ofthe Aotearoa Workers Solidarity Movement who is now living inthe UK, and was involved in a two day long occupation at hisuniversity in London.
Dan:
Asher:
Dan:
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Asher:
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Asher:
Dan:
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Asher:
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The Occupation of SpaceOwen Hatherley, Afterall
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THE FLASH MOBSUK Uncut, taxes and direct action
It was the snide retort of countless mainstream media commentatorsthat the student protests were entirely narcissistic: concerned onlywith disruption to their own lives as undergraduates. This ignoredthe reality on the ground – that protesters carried banners, chanted,and held views indicating dissent with government policies farbeyond the rise in tuition fees. But to grab the attention of those samemainstream media commentators was going to need a differentapproach. Step forward UK Uncut, whose witty, daring flash mobstargeted major high street shops, to spread the word that whilegovernment cuts would disproportionately hit the poorest members ofsociety, ultra-rich corporations were evading billions of pounds theyowed to the exchequer: and thus, to everyone. As Alan Finlaysonwrites: “Media corporations, polluting industries and greedy bankstake actions that affect us directly. In challenging or resisting thoseeffects, why dilute energies by diverting them through the Whitehallbureaucracy?” In other words: let’s cut out the middle-men.
The Flash Mobs
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Protest works. Just look atthe proofJohann Hari, The Independent
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Protest works. Just look at the proof
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Protest works. Just look at the proof
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Protest works. Just look at the proof
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Protest works. Just look at the proof
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The philosophicalsignificance of UK UncutAlan Finlayson, openDemocracy
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The philosophical significance of UK Uncut
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The philosophical significance of UK Uncut
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The philosophical significance of UK Uncut
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'Santa Glue-In' as 55 Anti-Cuts Protests Hit TaxDodgers Across The CountryUK Uncut, Big Society Revenue & Customs
Press release: Posted on Sat 18thDec 2010, 2:33pmFor Immediate ReleaseUK UNCUT: 'SANTA GLUE IN' AS 55 ANTI-CUTSPROTESTS HIT TAX DODGERS ACROSS THECOUNTRY
'Santa Glue-In' as 55 Anti-Cuts Protests Hit Tax Dodgers Across The Country
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'Santa Glue-In' as 55 Anti-Cuts Protests Hit Tax Dodgers Across The Country
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THE UNIVERSITIES
The Browne report into higher education published on 6 October didmore than raise a lot of questions. Out of it came the policy of triplingstudent fees in the form of loans, removing any direct governmentgrants to the humanities: marketising higher education and tearingdown any public interest in its intrinsic values. At the same time itpresumed a distinctly old-fashioned approach. “Policy-makers arepersisting with an institutional model that was created in the midstof a different age,” writes Aaron Peters. At the heart of the crisis ofuniversity funding lies a debate about the future of higher education,one played out in a series of exchanges between Alan Finlayson andTony Curzon Price. Ultimately: what are universities for?
The Universities
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Universities in an age ofinformation abundanceAaron Peters, openDemocracy
Universities in an age of information abundance
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Information wants to be free
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The rise of the university
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Britain, greet the age ofprivatised Higher Education– an argument and a debateAlan Finlayson and Tony Curzon Price, openDemocracy
Alan Finlayson:
I: What is really going on
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II: David Willetts himself
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Tony Curzon Price:
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Alan Finlayson:
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Tony Curzon Price:
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Alan Finlayson:
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Tony Curzon Price:
Alan Finlayson:
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Where are theconservatives, as the truehistory of education goesundefended?Peter Johnson, openDemocracy
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Where are the conservatives, as the true history of education goes undefended?
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Universities should be moreinventive than the profitmotiveRosemary Bechler, openDemocracy
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I defied the Whips and votedagainst my governmentTrevor Smith, openDemocracy
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THE UNDER 19SThe Education Maintenance Allowance and theelectorally disenfranchised
It was a striking aspect of the student demonstrations in London thatthe presence on the streets was not, despite right-wing commentators’suggestions to the contrary, one composed of privileged middle-classundergraduates, dilettantes from Oxbridge aged 18-21. Because,along with the stratospheric tuition fees rise, the Conservative-LibDem coalition had announced the abolition of the EducationMaintenance Allowance (EMA), a means-tested government stipendwhich had seen an increase in the numbers of students from poorerbackgrounds staying on in post-16 education. With its abolition,many under 18s from poorer backgrounds would simply not be able toafford to stay on to do A levels – at a time of record-breaking youthunemployment, no less. To make matters worse, these young peoplehad not even had the right to vote for the coalition that wascurrently selling their futures down the river – though of course, theywere old enough to pay taxes to it. “We’re from the slums of London,how do they expect us to pay £9,000 for uni fees, and no EMA…What’s stopping us from doing drug deals on the streets anymore?”one protesting teenager asked the BBC.
Whether through UK Uncut actions or at the studentdemonstrations, a generation of young people barely old enough toremember Tony Blair were learning very quickly about politicalprotest, and risking detention to exercise their democratic rights to doso.
The Under 19s
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The real nature of the EMAdebateAnthony Painter, Left Foot Forward
The real nature of the EMA debate
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The real nature of the EMA debate
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IFS shoots coalition’s deadweight argument topieces
The real nature of the EMA debate
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The real nature of the EMA debate
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The real nature of the EMA debate
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EMA Stories: My Brother,Charlie MartinBen Martin
EMA Stories: My Brother, Charlie Martin
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EMA Stories: My Brother, Charlie Martin
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‘Vale’
EMA Stories: My Brother, Charlie Martin
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EMA Stories: An umbilicalcord to educationBen Braithwaite
EMA Stories: An umbilical cord to education
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We are not the TopshopgenerationAnna Mason, UK Uncut
We are not the Topshop generation
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We are not the Topshop generation
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Physically sickTasha Bell
Physically sick
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THE STATE ANDVIOLENCE
If any illustration were needed of the establishment’s relationshipwith the democratic right to protest, it came on #dayx3. As thetuition fees bill was passed, the Metropolitan Police kettled protestersin Parliament Square and on Westminster Bridge for eight hours.The next day’s newspapers ignored the horrors of the kettle, choosinginstead to regard the brief scare encountered by Prince Charles theDuchess of Cornwall as the day’s only story. In the parliamentarydebate later that day, Home Secretary Theresa May reiterated in theHouse of Commons three times that there had been no kettle inParliament Square – regurgitating, no doubt, the information passedto her by the Met.
Tied up in this web of establishment self-preservation is a key myth:unlike those hot-headed foreigners, British people “just don’t do”protest, proceeding with calm, Whiggish decorum – though the entirehistory of progress and change in this country proves otherwise.
As James Butler writes, “the rotting sump of hereditary privilege”still presides over this sceptred isle. Is it any wonder that thisgovernment’s ideological cuts target the poorest members of society,when 18 of the 23 members of the cabinet are millionaires? YetButler’s phrase should not lull us into thinking the establishment isnot canny in its ability to adapt to new threats to its power: and inthe tactical brutality of the Police kettle, we have its newestincarnation. It is up to us – as it has been throughout British history– to stay one step ahead.
The State and Violence
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Riotous Protest – an EnglishtraditionDaniel Trilling, New Statesman
Riotous Protest – an English tradition
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Sharing The Pain: Theemotional politics ofausterity and its opponentsJeremy Gilbert, New Statesman
Keep Calm and Carry On?
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The Media, the police andprotest: now both sides ofthe story can be reportedRyan Gallagher, openDemocracy
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The military response todirect action, GeneralKitson's manualTom Griffin, openDemocracy
The military response to direct action, General Kitson's manual
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Image of the YearJames Butler, Pierce Penniless
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Geographies of the Kettle:Containment, Spectacle &Counter-StrategyRory Rowan, Critical Legal Thinking
Geographies of the Kettle: Containment, Spectacle & Counter-Strategy
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THE TRADE UNIONS
Recent British history tells us that the institutions at the heart ofpopular protest are the trade unions – though many protesters werenot even born at the time of the miners’ strike, let alone in the winterof discontent or earlier. With a few exceptions, the leadership of thetrade unions were almost comically slow to react to the threats toworking people presented by this government. Students laughed, thensighed, that while they were organising occupations and almostweekly mass demonstrations, union leaders were planning to do theirbit by scheduling a protest for the end of March.
‘The revolution will already be over by then!’ some joked. Slowly thereality of the situation dawned, and Unite leader Len McCluskeypenned a comment piece for The Guardian suggesting that theywould have to make up for lost time. With 490,000 public sectorredundancies predicted for the lifetime of this parliament, the studentprotest movement will need the solidarity of trade unions – andwants it too. On whose terms this happens is very much up for grabs;but the students have certainly set the pace.
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Unions, get set for battleLen McCluskey, The Guardian
Len McCluskey is General Secretary of Unite
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Just what does the Guardianthink trade unions are for?Keith Ewing, openDemocracy
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Comment on Keith EwingJohn Stuttle, openDemocracy
Comment on Keith Ewing
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THE AESTHETICSSound and vision in the protest movement
Protest in the era of mass culture is nothing without its aesthetics –the wit, imagery, sonics and imagination of the protesters provide anoutlet for their creativity, and the tools for their rebellion. As AdamHarper notes, aesthetics are both the means and the manifestation ofprotest. This is true of the hilarious, cutting home-made protest signsphotographed by Jesse Darling, and in the zeitgeist-capturing musicof the EMA kids, for whom rebellion means the right to celebratetheir culture by dancing in Parliament Square – while they aredenied the same right closer to home in ‘the banlieues of London’.Ultimately, as Harper argues, protest aesthetics mean forging theright to construct a new vision of reality – and it’s exciting, it’screative, and above all, it’s subversive.
The Aesthetics
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On [Protest] Signs & theSignifiedJesse Darling, Brave New What
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This is our riot: POW!Dan Hancox
This is our riot: POW!
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Images of Reality andStudent SurrealismAdam Harper, Rouges Foam
Images of Reality and Student Surrealism
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THE GENERATIONSOld politics and new movements
The spectre of the 68ers looms large over the current protests – partlybecause of the schematic similarities to that movement, and perhapsmore so, because the veterans of that era are of exactly the right ageto be passing comment on the current wave of youth uprisings; aspoliticians, academics and journalists. Yet what has been strikingabout this student movement has been its eagerness to shed suchcomparisons with 1968, despite its romance, and to learn from thelessons of its predecessors. The relationship between this generationand those who hold the reins of power (mainstream or otherwise)remains part of an ongoing debate. The left-wing parties, with theirmore traditional hierarchies and decision-making processes, havebeen the subject of hostility from some of the student protesters, whofear they will seek to ‘take over’ what remains a strikingly leaderlessmovement, and do so for their own ends. As long as this debateremains comradely, and the broad goals the same, it is one that willcontinue to be voiced in public. As Anthony Barnett concludes, thetens has every possibility to trump the sixties – not least because“what is on offer from the political system today seems exhausted, itsinstitutions corrupted, its constitution a shambles, and reinventionessential”.
The Generations
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Will the ‘Tens’ trump the‘Sixties’?Anthony Barnett, New Statesman
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Class conscious
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Tough choices all round
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Who's radical now?
Will the ‘Tens’ trump the ‘Sixties’?
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Will the ‘Tens’ trump the ‘Sixties’?
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The New Sound of theStreetsGerry Hassan, The Scotsman
The New Sound of the Streets
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The New Sound of the Streets
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The New Sound of the Streets
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The New Sound of the Streets
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The Morning After The FightBeforeNick Pearce, IPPR
The Morning After The Fight Before
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The Morning After The Fight Before
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The Morning After The Fight Before
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Out with the old politicsLaurie Penny, The Guardian
Out with the old politics
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Out with the old politics
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Out with the old politics
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Is the students’ conflictintergenerational?Maeve McKeown, UCL Occupation Blog
The Theory
Is the students’ conflict intergenerational?
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Is the students’ conflict intergenerational?
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The Practice
Is the students’ conflict intergenerational?
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Is the students’ conflict intergenerational?
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Is the students’ conflict intergenerational?
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AFTERWORDS
Afterwords
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Why we shouldn’t centralisethe student movement:protest, tactics and waysforwardMarkus Malarkey, Ceasefire
Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
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Pot vs. kettle
Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
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Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
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Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
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Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
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Organised autonomy, not centralised control
Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
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Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
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Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
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Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
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What next for the UK'sstudent movement?Guy Aitchison, openDemocracy
What next for the UK's student movement?
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What next for the UK's student movement?
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What next for the UK's student movement?
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What next for the UK's student movement?
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What next for the UK's student movement?
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What next for the UK's student movement?
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APPENDICES
Appendices
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Campaigns and Resources
Arts Against Cuts
Coalition of Resistance
Earth First
Educational Activist Network
False Economy
Campaigns and Resources
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Green and Black Cross
Hacktivista
Indymedia occupation archive
Indymedia
National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts
Network X
Campaigns and Resources
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REEL News
Right to Resist
RiseUp
Save EMA
UK Uncut
University for Strategic Optimism
Campaigns and Resources
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DiscussionThe Great Unrest
LibCom
Liberal Conspiracy
London Review of Books
New Left Project
New Statesman
Discussion
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OurKingdom
The Student Journals
The Third Estate
Discussion
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Sixty Second Legal CheckListThird Estate
Sixty Second Legal Check List
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Sixty Second Legal Check List
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Green and Black Bust CardThird Estate
Green and Black Bust Card
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Green and Black Bust Card
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GBC LEGAL TEAM: 07946 541 511 BINDMANSSOLICITORS: 020 7833 4433
Green and Black Bust Card
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Occupation Cheat SheetThird Estate
So, you want to have an occupation?
Choosing a location
Occupation Cheat Sheet
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Formulating Demands
Occupation Cheat Sheet
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Starting the occupation
Internal Politics
Occupation Cheat Sheet
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Media
Occupation Cheat Sheet
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Wellbeing
Occupation as an open space
Occupation Cheat Sheet
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Supporting other occupations
Ending the occupation
Occupation Cheat Sheet
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Resources
Occupation Cheat Sheet
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Occupation Cheat Sheet
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