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FDR1943
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Man of the Year
FDR193219341941
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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Cordell Hull
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America’s Longest Serving Secretary of State
Nobel Peace Prize – 1945 “The Father of the United Nations”
Cordell Hull
Secretary of State 1933-1944
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Cordell Hull
1940
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Henry Morganthau
Secretary of the Treasury
1933-1945
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Morganthau
1943
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Roosevelt and Morganthau
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Henry Stimson
Secretary of War1911 - 19131940 - 1945
Secretary of State1929 - 1933
Gov. Gen of the Philippines1929 - 1933
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Secretary of State under Herbert HooverSecretary of War under Franklin D. Roosevelt and Truman.
Henry Stimson
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Sumner WellesUnder Secretary of State
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Sumner Welles and Herman Goering1940
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Fr. Charles Coughlin
"The Radio Priest" 30 million weekly listeners
“Father of Hate Radio”
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War Refugee Board Meeting, 21 March 1944Hull, Morganthau and Stimson
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Coughlin
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Coughlin
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Rev. Charles Coughlin
1934
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Coughlin’s weekly publication
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1938 - Coughlin publishes version of “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion”
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Ambassador to Italy under Roosevelt
Head of the Visa Section, Department of State
Used his position to impede the ability of Jews and other victims of Nazi persecution to seek refuge in the United States.
Breckenridge Long
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Henry StimsonSecretary of War
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Memo from Asst. Secretary of State Breckinridge Long,
to State Department Officials
June 26, 1940,
“effective ways to obstruct the granting of U.S. visas”
“We can delay and effectively stop for a temporary period of indefinite length the number of immigrants into the United States. We could do this by simply advising our consuls, to put every obstacle in the way and to require additional evidence and to resort to various administrative devices which would postpone and postpone and postpone the granting of the visas.”
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Robert Borden Reams
US State Department
handled “Jewish Questions”for Breckenridge Long
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Wilbur Carr
US Minister to Prague1937
“Father of the US Foreign Service”
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George Messersmith
Asst Secretary of State
US Consul 1933-37Germany and Austria
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George Messersmith
1946
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Josiah DuBois
Asst. Secretary of the Treasury1944-45
Gen. Counsel War Refugee Board
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McCloy spent most of his time working on issues involving postwar Germany.
John McCloy
Asst Secretary of War
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Morganthau
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Gerhart Riegner
World Jewish CongressRepresentative in Switzerland
Sends “Riegner Cable”to Rabbi Stephen Wise
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Rabbi Stephen Wise
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Reigner Cable August 28, 1942
“in Fuehrer's headquarters plan under consideration to exterminate at one blow this fall three and half to four millions Jews following deportation from countries occupied, controlled by Germany”
from Gerhard Reigner in Switzerland to Rabbi Stephen Wise
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RECEIVED ALARMING REPORT THAT IN FUHRER'S HEADQUARTERS PLAN DESCUSSED AND UNDER CONSIDERATION ACCORDING TO WHICH ALL JEWS IN COUNTRIES OCCUPIED OR CONTROLLED GERMANY NUMBERING 3½ FOUR MILLION SHOULD AFTER DEPORTATION AND CONCENTRATION IN EAST BE EXTERMINATED AT ONE BLOW TO RESOLVE ONCE FOR ALL THE JEWISH QUESTION IN EUROPE STOP
ACTION REPORTED PLANNED FOR AUTUMN
METHODS UNDER DISCUSSION INCLUDING PRUSSIC ACID STOP WE TRANSMIT INFORMATION WITH ALL NECESSARY RESERVATION AS EXACTITUDE CANNOT BE CONFIRMED STOP
Riegner Telegram
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Francis Perkins
Secretary of Labor1933-1945
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Harold IckesSecretary of the Interior
1933-1946
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Evian International Conference on Refugees July 1938
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Evian International Conference on Refugees
July 1938
The American Delegate:
"We are coming to try to figure out what to do for the Jews, but no nation will be asked to take any
more Jews than its quota already allows."
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“The Bergson Boys”
led a dissident group of Zionists known in the United States as the Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe..
Peter Bergson (Hillel Kook)
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Rabbi Stephen Wise
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Rabbis’ March on Washington1943
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‘We Will Never Die” Pageant in New York, 1943
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“We will never die”
NYC, 1943
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Elmo Roper poll 1939 53 percent of Americans feel
“Jews are “different” and require “social and economic restrictions.”
Gallup poll 1939 83 percent of Americans
“oppose the admission of a larger number of Jewish refugees.”
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Jan KarskiCourier from the Polish Underground
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Franklin D. Roosevelt and Henry Morgenthau Poughkeepsie, New York
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Franklin D. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin Livadia Palace in Yalta (9 FEB 1945)
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1940Washington, DC
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Charles Lindbergh
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Franklin D. Roosevelt and King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia at Great Bitter Lake in Egypt 14 Feb 1945
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Franklin D. Roosevelt and King Farouk of Egypt at Great Bitter Lake in Egypt, 13 Feb 1945
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Franklin D. Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill in Teheran, Iran (11 NOV 1943)