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Families of the Periodic Table
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HydrogenElements
Gas:Hydrogen
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Hydrogen (cont.)
Characteristics Low density Low melting point
Reacts w/ halogens to form acids Reacts w/ oxygen to form water
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Alkali MetalsElements
Solids:LithiumPotassiumSodiumRubidiumCesiumFrancium
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Alkali Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point
Reacts w/ halogens to form salts Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline
hydroxides
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Alkaline Earth MetalsElements
SolidsBerylliumMagnesiumCalciumStrontiumBariumRadium
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Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as a compound
Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to form ionic salts
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Transition Metals
ElementsSolids
All “D-block” elementsAtomic numbers 21-30
39-4857, 72-8089, 104-112
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Transition Metals (cont.)
Characteristics High density High melting / boiling point Good catalysts
Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room temperature Multiple oxidation states
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Other MetalsElements
SolidsAluminumGalliumIndiumTinThalliumLeadBismuth
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Other Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Relatively high density Salts Solids
Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3, +4, +5
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MetalloidsElements
SolidsBoronSiliconGermaniumArsenicAntimonyTelluriumPolonium
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Metalloids (cont.)
Characteristics Some shiny Some dull Malleable
Ductile Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Various oxidation numbers
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Other Non-Metals
Gases(Hydrogen)CarbonNitrogenOxygen
SolidsPhosphorusSulfurSelenium
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Other Non-Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Poor thermal conductors Brittle Little to no metallic luster High ionization energy
High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various oxidation numbers
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Halogens
SolidsIodineAstatine
LiquidsBromine
GasesFluorineChlorine
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Halogens (cont.)
Characteristics
Only group in all 3 states of matter Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth
metals High electronegativity
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Noble GasesElements
GasesHeliumNeonArgonKryptonXenonRadon
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Noble Gases (cont.)
Characteristics
Non-reactive Odorless Tasteless Colorless Nonflammable
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Inner Transition MetalsElements
SolidsAll “F-block” elementsAtomic numbers 58-71
90-103
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Inner Transition Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Most are manmade High luster High melting points High electrical conductivity
Reactivity varies Usually bonded to
non-metals AKA: lanthanides &
actinides