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Exploratory TestingRediscover the art of exploratory testing
Ingo Philipp
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www.tricentis.com
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E2E Test Automation Load Testing Test Management Process Automation
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Just as glasses do not see, tools do not test.Glasses help us to see, tools help us to test
James Bach
‹› Glasses don't do the seeing, tools don't do the testing.@IngoPhilipp
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Testing is no more about test casesthan astronomy is about telescopes
Ingo Philipp
‹› Testing is not test cases just as recipes is not cooking.
∷ Inspired by Edsger Wybe Dijkstra & Michael Bolton
@IngoPhilipp
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If we’re testing badly, then automation canhelp us to test badly at an accelerated rate
Michael Bolton
‹› Automation accelerates, intensifies, amplifies, often simplifies, and sometimes even enables testing.
@vertaontest ‹› If you automate chaos, all you get is faster chaos.
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∷ Inspired by Brendan Leonard
Testing? There's only automation!We automate everything
OK, there's testing, and testingis probably more than just automation.
We're just not convinced that we really need it
Oops
Damn!
‹› Confusing testing with automation is a dangerous thing.
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Test Case
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PassingTest Case
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PassingTest Case
@iamdevloper
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© BBC
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Testing is exactly likewashing a pig. Because
it’s messy. It has no rules. Noclear beginning, middle, or end.
It’s kind of a pain in the ass, and when you’re done you’re
not sure if the pig is really clean or even why you were washing
a pig in the first place.
∷ Inspired by Luke Sullivan © BBC
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Testing is exactly likewashing a pig. Because
it’s messy. It has no rules. Noclear beginning, middle, or end.
It’s kind of a pain in the ass, and when you’re done you’re
not sure if the pig is really clean or even why you were washing
a pig in the first place.
∷ Inspired by Luke Sullivan
‹› We actually wash a performing pig.
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Testing is exactly likewashing a pig. Because
it’s messy. It has no rules. Noclear beginning, middle, or end.
It’s kind of a pain in the ass, and when you’re done you’re
not sure if the pig is really clean or even why you were washing
a pig in the first place.
∷ Inspired by Luke Sullivan
That’s what we can know‹› We actually wash a performing pig.
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Testing is exactly likewashing a pig. Because
it’s messy. It has no rules. Noclear beginning, middle, or end.
It’s kind of a pain in the ass, and when you’re done you’re
not sure if the pig is really clean or even why you were washing
a pig in the first place.
∷ Inspired by Luke Sullivan
That’s what we can know
That’s what we know
That’swhat wecheck
Problem
Knowledge Gap
© Richard Bradshaw
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∷ Cem Kaner
The purpose of testing is toclose the knowledge gap
The goal is information,not gratuitous automation
Testing is and always will bea search for information
That’s what we can know
That’s what we know
That’swhat wecheck
Problem
Knowledge Gap
© Richard Bradshaw
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© www.wikipedia.org – How to use toilet paper?
OverUnder
Confirmation« Demonstrate your depth of knowledge »
Exploration« Demonstrate your breadth of knowledge »
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Mechanical TestingHere we process predesigned data in predefined steps
Monitor Known RisksHere we confirm what we already know
Low Information ValueHere we check what we have already learned
Change Detector
Confirmation« Demonstrate your depth of knowledge »
Exploration« Demonstrate your breadth of knowledge »
Creative TestingHere we create new test ideas
Analyze Potential RisksHere we focus on the things we don’t know
High Information ValueHere we learn something new about software
Problem Detector
∷ Bolton ‹› Kaner ‹› Bach
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Checking« Requires Processing »
Evaluate a product by applying algorithmicdecision rules to specific observations of a product
Change Detector
∷ Bolton ‹› Kaner ‹› Bach
Exploration« Demonstrate your breadth of knowledge »
Problem DetectorDoes this assertion pass or fail?
Creative TestingHere we create new test ideas
Analyze Potential RisksHere we focus on the things we don’t know
High Information ValueHere we learn something new about software
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Checking« Requires Processing »
∷ Bolton ‹› Kaner ‹› Bach
Evaluate a product by applying algorithmicdecision rules to specific observations of a product
Change Detector
Exploring« Requires Thinking »
Problem Detector
Evaluate a product by learning about itthrough exploration and experimentation
Does this assertion pass or fail? Is there a problem here?
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Checking« Requires Processing »
∷ Rich Rogers
Evaluate through
InstructionsPay attention to
Deviations
Create
Test CasesFollow
Procedure
Examine
RequirementsFactory
Process
Change Detectors ‹› Monitor Known Risks
Exploring« Requires Thinking »
Problem Detector
Evaluate a product by learning about itthrough exploration and experimentation
Is there a problem here?
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Checking« Requires Processing »
∷ Rich Rogers
Evaluate through
InstructionsPay attention to
Deviations
Create
Test CasesFollow
Procedure
Examine
RequirementsFactory
Process
Change Detectors ‹› Monitor Known Risks
Investigate through
ExperimentsPay attention to
Oracles
Create
Test IdeasFollow
Clues
Examine
RisksAdaptive
Investigation
Problem Detectors ‹› Analyze Potential Risks
Exploring« Requires Thinking »
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Checking« Requires Processing »
∷ Rich Rogers
Evaluate through
InstructionsPay attention to
Deviations
Create
Test CasesFollow
Procedure
Examine
RequirementsFactory
Process
Me
ch
an
ica
l P
roce
ssChange Detectors ‹› Monitor Known Risks
Investigate through
ExperimentsPay attention to
Oracles
Create
Test IdeasFollow
Clues
Examine
RisksAdaptive
Investigation
Problem Detectors ‹› Analyze Potential RisksC
rea
tive
Pro
cess
Exploring« Requires Thinking »
Robots Investigators
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Behind a test case, there's a test. Behind a test, there's atest idea. Behind a test idea, there's a human tester
Ingo Philipp
‹› If your test case is good-for-nothing, you are probably good-for-nothing.
∷ Just as you don't blame gravity for falling flat on your face, you shouldn't blame your tools for your poor test cases.
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Checking is a guest in the house of testing,exploration is a permanent resident
Michael Bolton
‹› Exploration isn’t something special in testing, it is central to testing, and so all true testing is exploratory.
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CheckedMachine & Human Checking
ExploredHuman Exploration
TestedThorough Testing
+
=
AgileTesting Equation
∷ Elisabeth Hendrickson
‹› The coin of testing has two sides.
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ExploratoryTesting
HumanChecking
MachineChecking
ManualTesting
CheckedMachine & Human Checking
ExploredHuman Exploration
TestedThorough Testing
+
=
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‹› Think of AI-assisted testing, not AI-based testing.
∷ Picture by Shelly Palmer
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Exploratory testing is not a talent,it’s a set of skills that can be learnt
Ingo Philipp
‹› The beautiful thing about learning exploratory testing is that no one can take it away from you.
∷ Inspired by Edward de Bono
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Technique
Provides Systematic Procedure
Approach
Provides Orientation
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1
2
3
4
5
Technique
Provides Systematic Procedure
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
2
3
4
5
Technique
Provides Systematic Procedure
∷ Jonathan Bach
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
2
3
4
5Straightjacketed Imagination
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
2
3
4
5
Session
CharteredUninterrupted
Reviewable
∷ Jonathan Bach
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
2
3
4
5
Timebox
∷ Jonathan Bach
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
2
3
4
5
Charter
∷ Jonathan Bach
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
3
4
5
Scope
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
3
4
5Verification
Does our software meet the specification?
ValidationDoes our software meets the user's needs?
ProductIdea
ActualProduct
ProductDescription
You
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BDD is the art of usingexamples in conversations
to illustrate behavior
Liz Keogh
‹› Use BDD to create a shared understanding.
Nobody (e.g. product owner)can make you (e.g. tester) think
& feel as deeply as they do about software. Be aware of this fact
to explore this gap.
∷ Inspired by Daniel Saint
Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
3
4
5
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HavingConversations
is more important than
CapturingConversations
is more important than
AutomatingConversations
∷ Liz Keogh ‹› CAST 2018
‹› BDD is about understanding, not test case automation.
Nobody (e.g. product owner)can make you (e.g. tester) think
& feel as deeply as they do about software. Be aware of this fact
to explore this gap.
∷ Inspired by Daniel Saint
Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
3
4
5
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Nobody (e.g. product owner)can make you (e.g. tester) think
& feel as deeply as they do about software. Be aware of this fact
to explore this gap.
∷ Inspired by Daniel Saint
Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
3
4
5
What theycan put into
words
What theysay to their
teams
Whatproductownersthink
What you usuallyunderstand
∷ arcfly.blogspot.com
‹› We don't just explore the unknown in our software.
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
3
4
5
R » RecentWhat parts of the product changed recently?
C » CoreWhat critical parts of the product must continue to work?
R » RiskyWhat parts of the product are inherently risky?
C » ConfigurationWhat parts of the product depend on environment settings?
R » RepairedWhat parts of the product changed to address defects?
C » ChronicWhat parts of the product chronically break?
∷ Karen Johnson
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
3
4
5
S » StructureTest what the product is made of.
F » FunctionTest what the product does.
D » DataTest what the product processes.
P » PlatformTest what the product depends upon.
O » OperationsTest how the product is used.
T » TimeTest how the product is affected by time.
∷ James Bach
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
Tour-Based TestingSet concrete goals to provide a clear focus
5
4Goals
MuseumTour
SupermodelTour
FedExTour
SaboteurTour
Couch PotatoTour
MoneyTour
∷ James Whittaker
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
Tour-Based TestingSet concrete goals to provide a clear focus
5
4@speed
QualityQuality is value to some person
∷ Jerry Weinberg
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
Tour-Based TestingSet concrete goals to provide a clear focus
5
4
Quality is inherently subjective
Different stakeholderswill perceive the same product ashaving different levels of quality
We must look for differentthings for different stakeholders
We must diversify testing
∷ Jerry Weinberg
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Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
Tour-Based TestingSet concrete goals to provide a clear focus
Polychrome TestingExplore the product from different viewpoints to diversify testing
5
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Diversity
Emotional
Critical
Creative
Control
Positive Factual
Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
Tour-Based TestingSet concrete goals to provide a clear focus
Polychrome TestingExplore the product from different viewpoints to diversify testing
5
© Edward De Bono
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Ideas
Session-Based TestingStructure exploratory testing to allow large-scale implementations
Requirements-Based TestingLimit the scope to make it manageable
Tour-Based TestingSet concrete goals to provide a clear focus
Polychrome TestingExplore the product from different viewpoints to diversify testing
Scenario-Based TestingCapture each test idea to make it reviewable
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Testing is not so much a thing you do,it’s far more a way you think
Michael Bolton
‹› Testing is enactment of critical thinking about software to help people make better decisions.
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QuestionsThe show is over. It’s your turn.
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