EXPERMENTAL STUDY ON SELF COMPACTING
CONCRETE USING INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Vishal Raval1, HarshalPatel
2, Parth Tilala
3, Vipin Prajapati
4
Student, Civil Engineering, Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam, Gujarat, India.
Corresponding Author Detail:
Vishal Raval
Student, Civil department,
Laxmi institute of Technology,
Sarigam-Valsad, Gujarat.
Internal Guide Detail:
Nikita Patel
Assistant Professor, Civil department,
Laxmi institute of Technology,
Sarigam-Valsad. Gujarat.
ABSTRACT - Self compacting concrete (SCC) is a high performance concrete that can flow
under its own weight to completely fill the formwork and self-consolidates without any
mechanical vibration. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) has gained a wide use for placement
in congested reinforcement concrete structures where casting condition are difficult and in
high rise buildings where pump ability properties are required. The project aim is to use of
marble powder as an industrial waste and Fly ash as a pozzolana material. The established
benefits substitution marble powder and fly ash by cement to make concrete as economic by
the use of less cement. The main objective of the project to carry out an experimental
investigation to study the properties of SCC, by partially replacing cement with certain
percentage of Fly ash and Marble powder and understand the effect on fresh property, Harden
property and Durability and also investigate the compatibility of marble powders in SCC
along with chemical admixture such as super plasticizers. The Mix Design for self -
compacting concrete M30 grade is being done as per the Indian Standard Code IS: 10262-
1982.
KEYWORD: Self–compacting concrete, Marble Powder, Fly Ash, Mix design.
INTRODUCTION
SCC has been considered as a great development in construction since it’s first developed in
japan. The high fluidity is main property of SCC so that it can be placed under its self-Weight
without vibration. In order to obtain SCC of high flowability without segregation or bleeding
during the transportation or placing, the use of high powder content, super plasticizers and
viscosity modifying admixtures seems a good solution. However, the cost of such concrete is
significantly higher. The use of mineral additives such as silica fumes (SFs), Fly ash (FA)
and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) could reduce material cost and enhance
the self-compatibility. Several studies have shown that natural pozzolana have been widely
used as a substitute for Portland cement in many applications because of its advantageous
properties which include cost-reduction, reduction in heat evolution, decreased permeability
and increased chemical resistance. Marble powder (MP) which is an inert material obtained
as an industrial by-product during sawing, shaping, and polishing of marble has also
successfully been used as an addition in SCC . Marble powder used as mineral addition of
cement is reported to improve some properties of fresh and hardened self-compacting
concrete (SCC).
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017
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RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE
This paper describes a procedure specifically developed to achieve SCC, using mineral
admixture like Fly ash and Marble Powder as a partial replacing material for cement. In
addition, the test results for acceptance characteristics for SCC such as Workability
characteristics (Slump flow, J-ring and L-Box), Mechanical characteristics (Compressive,
Split Tensile,).
The Materials used in the research are:
1. Cement
Cement paste is the binder in SCC that holds the aggregate (coarse, fine, admixtures) together
and reacts with mineral materials in hardened mass. The property of SCC depends on the
quantities and the quality of its constituents. In this present work, Ordinary Portland Cement
of 53 ultratech conforming to IS: 12269-1987 has been used and tested for their properties,
presented in Table 1.
No Properties Results IS:12269 -1987
1 Standard Consistency 28% ---
2 Fineness % (retained on
90µ sieve)
4.3% ≤ 10%
3 Initial setting time (min) 76 ≥ 30
4 Final setting time (min) 210 ≤ 600
5 Specific gravity 3.15 ---
6 Compressive
Strength
(N/mm2)
7 days 45 ≥ 37
28 days 65 ≥ 53
Table 1: Properties of Cement
2. Fine Aggregate
In this investigation fine aggregate used is 4.75 mm down, are tested as per IS: 2386,
presented in Table 2.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017
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No Properties Results
1 Type Manufactured
2 Specific Gravity 2.70
3 Water Absorption NIL
4 Moisture Content 1.5%
5 Fineness Modulus 2.61
6 Grading Zone Zone III
Table 2: Properties of Fine Aggregate
3. Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate crushed granite of 20mm maximum size and retained on IS 4.75 sieve has
been used, obtained from the local market in are tested as per IS: 2386, presented in Table 3.
Table 3: Properties of Coarse Aggregates
4. Mineral Admixtures
a) Fly Ash
Fly ash, known also as pulverized–fuel ash, is the ash precipitated electro-statically from the
exhaust fumes of coalfired power stations, and is the most common artificial pozzolana.
In this investigation work, the fly ash used is obtained from Dharampur. Specific gravity is
2.20. Chemical composition is given in Table 4.
Table 4: Chemical composition of Fly Ash
No Properties Results
1 Specific Gravity 2.78
2 Water Absorption 0.5%
3 Moisture content NIL
4 Fines Modules 7.10
No Parameter Quantity (% wt)
1 Silicon Dioxide(SiO2) 62.63
2 Alumina(Al2O3) 23.35
3 Iron oxide(Fe2O3) 3.93
4 Calcium oxide (CaO) 2.04
5 Magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.46
6 Sulfur tri oxide (SO3) 1.34
7 Sodium oxide (Na2O) 0.032
8 Potassium oxide (K2O) 0.030
9 Loss On Ignition % by mass 0.39
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017
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b) Marble Powder
The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of natural resource and
energy source and lessen the burden of pollution on environment .Presently Large amounts of
marble dust are generated in natural stone processing plants with an important impact on
environment and humans. This project describes the feasibility of using the marble dust in
concrete production as partial replacement of cement. In INDIA, the marble and granite stone
processing is one of the most thriving industry the effects if varying marble dust content on
the physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete have been
investigated.
5. Water
The water should be clean and free from harmful impurities.
METHODOLOGY
Experimental investigation is carried out to study the properties of SCC, by partially
replacing cement with certain percentage of fly ash and marble powder. To achieve optimum
SCC mix various trail mix are done by varying cement, coarse and fine aggregate, water and
super plasticizer. Once getting the Optimum Mix Design, totally six mixes are done by
replacing cement with fly ash keeping 25% constant and marble powder added in percentage
by mass of cement as 0,5,10,15,20 and 25%.
Experimental programme are carried out in two phase. In the First Phase, for each mix tests
are conducted to assess fresh Workability properties (Slump flow, J-ring, , L-box test) of
concrete.
In Second Phase, fresh concrete are cast into cubes, cylinders and beams. Specimens are
cured in water till testing for 7, 28 days, than are tested for Mechanical properties
(Compressive strength, Split Tensile strength.
MIX PROPORTION
The portioning of the mix is extremely important in developing an effective SCC. Till date
there is no specific code book for mix design of SCC, but EFNARC provides specification
and guidelines. Using IS method for mix design of SCC.
EFNARC Specification and Guidelines for SCC-2002
Water / Powder ratio by volume of 0.80-1.10
Total powder content of 160-240 lts (400-600 Kg) per cubic meter.
Coarse aggregate content normally 28-35% by volume of the mix.
Typically water content does not exceed 200 lts/m3.
Fresh Properties of SCC
The main characteristic of SCC is its properties in the fresh state. SCC mix design is focused
on the flowing ability, under its own weight without vibration. The ability to flow through
congested reinforcing bars under its own weight. And, the ability to maintain the
homogeneity without segregation of aggregates.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017
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No. Test Permissible Values
Min Max
1 Slump Flow 650 mm 800 mm
2 T50-Slump Flow 2 sec 5 sec
3 V-Funnel 6 sec 12 sec
4 U-Box (H2/H1) 0 mm 30 mm
5 J-Ring 0 mm 10 mm
6 L-Box (H2/H1) 0.8 mm 1.0 mm
I. Casting of Specimens
The mixed concrete is cast into respective moulds. All the Specimens were prepared in
accordance with IS516:1959. After casting, the specimen cubes, cylinder, beams are kept in
water for ambient curing.
II. Curing of Specimens
After completion of the rest period, the specimens were demoulded and the cubes, cylinder,
beams specimens are allowed to get cured for 7 and 28 days.
Mechanical Properties of SCC
To determine the Mechanical properties of concrete, SCC mix are subjected to various test.
1) Compression Test
2) Split Tensile Test
RESULT
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017
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MIX DESIGN
FRESH PORPORTIES
Mix Design Proportion M-30
No. Type of Mix
Total
Binder
(kg/cum)
Cement
(kg/cum)
Flyash
(kg/cum)
Marble powder
(kg/cum)
Coarse aggregate
(kg/cum)
Fine aggregate
(kg/cum)
Water
(liter/cum)
S.P.(1.8%)
(kg/cum)
1 M-30(0% MP +
25% FA)
500 375 125 0 714.84 920.32 182 9
2 M-30(5%MP +
25% FA)
500 350 125 25 714.84 920.32 182 9
3 M-30(10%MP +
25% FA)
500 325 125 50 714.84 920.32 182 9
4 M-30(15%MP +
25% FA)
500 300 125 75 714.84 920.32 182 9
5 M-30(20%MP +
25% FA)
500 275 125 100 714.84 920.32 182 9
6 M-30(25%MP +
25% FA)
500 250 125 125 714.84 920.32 182 9
No. Type of Mix Slump (mm T50cm Slump Flow(sec) J-Ring(sec)
L- Box
{h2/h1)
600-850 mm 2-5 sec. 0-10 mm 0.8-1
1 M-30(0% MP + 25% FA) 655 4.4 4.0 0.83
2 M-30(5%MP + 25% FA) 660 4.1 5.2 0.85
3 M-30(10%MP + 25% FA) 673 3.7 7.0 0.89
4 M-30(15%MP + 25% FA) 689 3.5 7.3 0.91
5 M-30(20%MP + 25% FA) 702 3.2 7.7 0.93
6 M-30(25%MP + 25% FA) 710 3.0 7.9 0.94
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
CONCLUSION
Industrial Waste Are Capable Of Improving The Physical And Chemical Properties Use of
Marble Powder Waste. By Using 10% Marble Powder And 25% Fly Ash Proportion, The
Industrial Waste Has A Higher Compressive Strength And Tensile Strength. By Increasing
The Marble Powder The Result Of Fresh Concrete Increases On The Other Hand The
Strength Of The Concrete Decreases. It Is Not Necessary To Add VMA As Chemical
Admixture.
REFERENCE
1. Ambuja Technical Literature Series No.20 Slump Test, No.24 Durability of Concrete,
No.31 Admixtures- Plasticizers, No. 47 Concrete for the Next Millennium, No.50
Concrete Is 9000 Years Old, No.130 Sustainability-Challenges and Solution.
2. EFNARC. 2002. Specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete. European
Federation of Producers and Applicators of Specialist Products for Structures.
3. IS: 456-2000 Plain and reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice, Fourth Revision, and July-
2010, BIS, New Delhi.
4. IS: 516-1959, “Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete”, Edition 1.2, Reprint-1999,
BIS, New Delhi.
5. 11IS: 10262-1982 Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design, Fifth Reprint, and
March-1998, BIS, New Delhi
6. IS 1199 (1959): Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete [CED 2: Cement and
Concrete]
7. Japan Society of Civil Engineers. 1998. Recommendation for construction of self-
compacting concrete. 417-437.
8. M. S. Shetty, “Concrete Technology” (Theory and Practice), S.Chand & Company
Limited, New Delhi, Seventh Edition, July-2012.
Mix Proportions Compression Strength
(N/mm2)
Split Tensile Strength
(N/mm2)
7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
M-30(0% MP +
25% FA)
26.75 38.92 2.55 3.94
M-30(5%MP +
25% FA)
27.29 41.80 2.72 4.14
M-30(10%MP +
25% FA)
28.15 42.68 2.78 4.28
M-30(15%MP +
25% FA)
23.47 37.20 2.44 3.71
M-30(20%MP +
25% FA)
21.57 32.69 2.19 3.27
M-30(25%MP +
25% FA)
19.98 30.68 1.98 2.87
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017
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