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Expansion under the Prophet Mohammad, 612-632Expansion during the Rightly Guided Caliphate, 635-661Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661-750
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Islam means literally, “Surrender.”
Only one god: The creator, sustainer, and restorer of the world
God’s will is shown through the Qur’an, or Koran
All must submit to God’s will
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The man who the Qur’an was revealed to
The founder and spiritual leader of Islam
Born in Mecca, Arabia, around 570 CE
Believed to be the last of God’s prophets
An (the?) Islamic line of prophets: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus
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(8th-13th centuries)
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The Islamic world was between Africa, Asia, and Europe, making it a popular trade destination
Goods, languages, and ideas all came to the Middle East
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Advanced systems of• Crop rotation• Irrigation• Study of diverse crops
Citrus fruits came from ChinaMangos, rice, and sugar cane from India
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Women were allowed to work in a wide variety of jobs
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Muslims created the first:
• Public Hospital
• Public Library
• University
• Observatory
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Globalization is combining economies from around the globe
Involved formerly isolated civilizations in huge business network
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The following modern economic elements were already used during the Islamic Golden Age:• Free markets• Big businesses• Savings accounts• Checks• Credit• Contracts• Lawsuits
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Soap bar Shampoo Hard alcohol Coffee (brought from Ethiopia) Windmill Pleasure gardens Filtration
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Hindu-Arabic Numeral System
Decimal Point
Invented Algebra
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Advanced math means more possibilities for• Engineering• Science• Economics
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Water filtration
Anything that requires construction (Most of everything that you can see right now required engineering)
Buildings…
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The scientific method was used to disprove old ideas and prove new ones
Alchemy – European “science” that tried to turn basic metals into gold. Also tried to cure diseases, and extend life.
Alchemy was first disproven by al-Kindi, then other Arabs
The Greek “classical elements,” (Earth, air, fire, etc.) were disproven by al-Razi.
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Ibn al-Haytham proved that vision was caused by light rays entering the eye
Momentum and inertia discovered by Haytham and Avicenna
Another Arab discovered that objects in space followed the same physical laws as the Earth
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Used science to treat injuries and cure illnesses instead of superstition
Discovered that microorganisms caused infectious disease
Separated ppl with diff. diseases
Proved that the Greek idea that the human body was made up of only four things was wrong
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Hospital Medical School Autopsy Experimental surgery Pathologists
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Turn and talk with ONE person about whether or not you think Islam is responsible for all these great advancements