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Exam Review: March 9, 2010
50110Xm1Review.PPt
Updated: March 8, 2010
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Intro501: Introduction to Cancer Biology and to the Course
(501Intro.ppt)
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Figure 1.11a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Banding pattern of normal metaphase human chromosomes
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Figure 1.11b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of normal metaphase human chromosomes
using chromosome specific DNA probes with different fluorescent dyes
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Figure 1.11c The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Aneuploid karyotype of human breast cancer cell.
Note “scrambling” of colors demonstrating chromosomal reciprocal translocations
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Figure 1.11d The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Intra-chromosonal inversion by M-band fluorescent in situ hybridization(mFISH)
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Figure 1.14a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Cytoskeleton:
Actin microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
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Figure 1.14b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Intermediate Filaments of epithelial cell (keratin) in green
Plasma membrane in blue
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Figure 1.14d The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
3T3 Mouse Fibroblast attached to fibronectin extra-cellular matrix by integrin receptors
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Clinical Presentation of Cancers
(Clinical.ppt)
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Figure 16.1b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
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Figure 16.1a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
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Figure 16.45a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
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See Figure 11.1, Cancer incidence at various ages for men and women. p. 400. Weinberg.
Note maximum incidence per 100,000 population at about age 70, then drop off after that age. Serious incidence begins around age 35 except for breast cancer which can have an earlier onset depending on genetics.
Incidence of Various Kinds of Cancers in Men and Women as a Function of Age
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Figure 16.45c The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
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Figure 11.8b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
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Figure 14.50a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
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Figure 14.50b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
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Epidemiology of Cancers
(Epidemio.ppt)
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Figure 4.12 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Incidence of Burkitt’s Lymphoma in Relation to Infectious Disease Etiology:Aedes simpsoni mosquito transmission vector for malaria and Epstein Barr Virus co-infection
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Figure 2.20 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Cancer Incidence Following Migration
p. 45
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CigBooze
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Definitions of Classifications of Cancer
(DefClass.ppt)
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Normal Secretory & Ciliated Epithelial Cells
Figure 16-19, ECB, 1998, p. 528RespCilia
Ciliated Epithelium ofHuman Respiratory Tract
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Figure 11.7 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Prpgression in Neoplastic Development: Weinberg, Chapter 11 on Multistep Tumorigenesis. Figure 11.7
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Cancer Incidence 2002: 1,285,000. Cancer Deaths 555,000. 43% Death RateCancer Incidence 2009: 1,479,000. Cancer Deaths 562,000. 38% Death Rate
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Table 2.3 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)p. 33
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Hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells)Fig 2-1, Kuby 4th Ed. p. 28
HematoAll
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Pluripotent Stem Celland Lymphoid andMyeloid Lineages
(Fig 2-1, Kuby 4th Ed. p. 28
Myeloid Stem Cell
StemCell
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Lymphoid Lineage
Fig 2-1 Kuby 4th Ed
p. 28
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MyeloidLineage(Kuby, Fig 2-1,4th Ed., p. 28)
Myeloid
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Figure 8.32 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Disease Progression in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
p. 293
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Model Systems in the Study of Cancers
(Models.ppt)
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Figure 13.8 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) p. 539
Primary excised surgical tumor pieces
Surgical specimens after 3 to 6 months growth sub-cutaneously in SCID Mice
Prostate and colon cancer cell lines propagated in vitro and implanted
Comparisons of Two Primary Cancers vs the Cancers Propagated as Model Systems
Cancer Comparisons
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Cancer Model Systems In Vitro(in Cell, Tissue, or Organ Culture)
Normal Cells in Culture• Transformed Cells Chemically Virally By Irradiation• Neoplastic Cells from Animal Tumors• Neoplastic Cells Cultured from Human
Cancers
CxVitro
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Animal Tumor Models in VivoSource of the Tumor Challenge Cells
• Implanted Cultured Neoplastic Cells
• Transplanted from Donor Animals
Early vs Later Transplant Generations
• Induced in the Tumor-bearing Host Animals
Spontaneous (by Genetic Selection)
Chemical, Viral, Radiation Induction
• Excised fromVeterinaryAnimalsAnimlCx1
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Clinical Human Cancers as "Model" Systems
Advantages:• The Closest "Model" to the Ultimate Goals ...The Best Model for Human Cancer• Patient Feed-back and CooperationLimitations• Unmatched, genetically unique subjects• Powerful ethical limitations• Patient Independence and Failure to Comply• Prior or Concomitant TreatmentVideo on Clinical Trials in Patients
A note on Experimental Cancer Therapy and National Health-Care Policy –
Keith Olbermann, MSNBC Countdown, February 9, 2010
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Properties of Cancer Cells and Tissues
(CellProp.ppt)
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Figure 10.2 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) p. 359
Senescence of Human Fibroblasts Passaged Beyond 60 Cell Doublings
In Cell Culture
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Figure 10.11 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)p. 369
Telomeres* on normal cells protect chromosome ends
Cells with blocked telomere formation show extensive chromosme fusion leading to cell death* Telomeres labelled green by Fluorescence in situ
hybridization with DNA probe that recognizes repeated nucleotide base sequence in telomeric DNA
Protective Effect of Telomeres on Chromosome Integrity
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12 Different Cell-signaling pathways
potentially containing aberrant protein
components in 24 different patients with
pancreatic cancers.
From Science, Sept. 26, 2008
Jones et al.pp 1801-1806
Note integrin signaling
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Cancer Cell Heterogeneity
(Hetero.ppt)
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Figure 11.19 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 422Chromosome 11 is Blue-Green. Chromosome 17 is pink by FISH with DNA Probes
Pleural effusion,
non-small cell lung
carcinoma in a patient.
Heterogeneity in
chromosome number and
in nuclear size
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Progression in Cancer Initiation and Development
(Progress. Ppt)
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Progressive Steps in Neoplastic Cell Development:Hyperplasia and Dysplasia
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Progressive Steps in Neoplastic Cell Development:Cancer In situ and Invasive Cancer
Situ&Invade
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Figure 11.10 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 409
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSG) in Progression in Colon Carcinoma
“DCC” Gene = Deleted in Colon Carcinoma
“APC” = Adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Cancer suppressor gene)“K-ras” = Oncogene activated, transduced, or mutated, first identified in virally-induced rat sarcoma
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Figure 11.43 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)p. 459
hTert = Telomerase catalytic subunit
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A Note About Completing Matching Questions
1.Each response in column B can be used only once.
2.Strike off a response from Column B when you use it in column A.
3.You have to match the best response from column B to the item in column A, not just one that might fit.
4.If you use a less-than-optimal response from Column B, you won’t have that response when you need it.
5.Answer the matching items that you are completely sure about.
6.That reduces the number of options you have to deal with.
7.The more you actually know for sure, the easier this kind of question is because it reduces your uncertainties to a very low number of options.
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