Download - Evaluation of topical dosage forms
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Evaluation of topical dosage
forms
Zohre jelodarian
School of pharmacy , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Krmanshah , Iran
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Topical delivery includes two basic types of product: 1. External topicals that are spread, sprayed, or otherwise dispersed on to cutaneous tissues to cover the affected area.2. Internal topicals that are applied to the mucous membrane orally, vaginally or on anorectal tissues for local activity.
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Advantages of Topical Drug Delivery Systems
Avoidance of first pass metabolism.Convenient and easy to apply.Avoidance of the risks and inconveniences of
intravenous therapy and of the varied conditions of absorption, like pH changes, presence of enzymes, gastric emptying time etc.
Achievement of efficacy with lower total daily dosage of drug by continuous drug input.
Avoids fluctuation in drug levels, inter- and intrapatient variations.
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Ability to easily terminate the medications, when needed.
A relatively large area of application in comparison with buccal or nasal cavity
Ability to deliver drug more selectively to a specific site.
Avoidance of gastro-intestinal incompatibility.Providing utilization of drugs with short biological
half-life, narrow therapeutic window. Improving physiological and pharmacological
response. Improve patient compliance.Provide suitability for self-medication.
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Disadvantages of Topical Drug Delivery Systems
• Skin irritation of contact dermatitis may occur due to the drug and/or excipients.
• Poor permeability of some drugs through the skin. • Possibility of allergenic reactions.• Can be used only for drugs which require very small
plasma concentration for action• Enzyme in epidermis may denature the drugs• Drugs of larger particle size not easy
to absorb through the skin
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Topical dosage forms
Solid
powder
Aerosol
Plaster
Liquid
Lotion
Liniment
Solution
Emulsion
Suspension
Aerosol
Semi solid
Ointment
Cream
Paste
Gel
Jelly
Suppository
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The layers of skin
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o Stratum Germinativum (Growing Layer)
o Malpighion Layer (pigment Layer)
o Stratum Spinosum (Prickly cell Layer)
o Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)
o Stratum Lucidumo Stratum Corneum (Horny
Layer)
The layers of epidermis
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage Form
Evalution of patch
21-day cumulative irritancy patch test
Kligman “maximization” test
Draize-shelanski repeat-insult patch test
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage Form
Evaluation of ointmentsPenetration
Rate of release of medicaments
Absorption of medicaments into blood stream
Irritant effect
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage Form
Evaluation of cream
Rheology
Sensitivity
Biological testing
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage Form
Evaluation of emulsions
Phase separation
Globule size
Rheological properties
Effect of thermal stresses
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage FormEvaluation of paste
Abrasiveness
Particle size
Cleansing property
Consistency
pH of the product
Foaming character
Limit test for arsenic and lead
Volatile matters and moisture
Effect of special ingredients
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage FormEvaluation of powder
Shade control and lighting
Pressure testing
Breakage test
Flow property
Particle size and abrasiveness
Dispersion of color
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage FormEvaluation suspension
Sedimentation volume
Rheologic methods
Electrokinetic techniques
Particle size changes
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage FormEvaluation of aerosol
Flame projection
Flash point
Vapor pressure
Density
Moisture
Aerosol valve discharge rate
Spray patterns
Dosage with metered valves
Net contents
Foam stability
Particle size determination
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage Form
Evaluation of lotion
Antiseptic property
Determination of alcohol content
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage FormEvaluation of gel
Drug content
Homogeneity of drug content
Measurement of pH
Viscosity
Spreadability
Extrudability
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Brookfield viscometer(RVT)
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Evaluation Of Topical Dosage Form
Evaluation of suppository
Melting range test
Dissolution test
Liquefaction or softening time test
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Thanks for your
attention