![Page 1: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric Vehicle Sales
Clair Johnson, Ph.D. — Transparency Specialist
Evaluation 2016 — 26 October 2016 — Atlanta, GA
Thanks also to John Anderson, Nicole Appenzeller, Brett Williams, Colin Santulli, Nick Pallonetti, and others at CSE
![Page 2: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Outline
• Program Introduction
• Evaluation Objectives
• Methodology
• Preliminary Survey Results
• Takeaways
![Page 3: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Program Introduction
![Page 4: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Electric Vehicles 101
Zero-emission vehicles
Fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV)
All-battery electric vehicle (BEV) Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)
(Center for Sustainable Energy, 2016)
![Page 5: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
The Role of Dealerships in EV Market Development
(Sierra Club, 2016)
(Cahill & Davies, 2014)
(Kress, 2015)
![Page 6: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
What is CHEAPR?
• The Connecticut Hydrogen and Electric Automobile Purchase Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015
• The CHEAPR program includes two types of incentives for each eligible vehicle:
– Vehicle Rebate (up to $5,000)
– Dealer Incentive ($300)
![Page 7: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Dealership Role
Dealerships play a crucial role in the CHEAPR program to:
• Guide consumers through the online application process
• Collect and submit all supporting documentation
• Support EV adoption in the state of Connecticut
![Page 8: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Evaluation Objectives
![Page 9: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Initial Evaluation Question
Does the dealer incentive work?
![Page 10: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Evaluation Objective
To develop an understanding of how the CHEAPR dealer incentive is distributed and used by dealerships, and whether it is an effective method for promoting the development of the EV market
![Page 11: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Evaluation Questions
1. How is the dealer incentive being distributed within dealerships?
2. How and to what extent does the incentive motivate dealership employees to increase EV sales?
3. What behaviors do dealership employees change in response to the dealer incentive? How strong is the effect?
4. To what extent does the dealer incentive affect EV sales?
5. At what level should the dealer incentive be set to balance cost and effectiveness?
![Page 12: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Evaluation Questions
1. How is the dealer incentive being distributed within dealerships?
2. How and to what extent does the incentive motivate dealership employees to increase EV sales?
3. What behaviors do dealership employees change in response to the dealer incentive? How strong is the effect?
4. To what extent does the dealer incentive affect EV sales?
5. At what level should the dealer incentive be set to balance cost and effectiveness?
![Page 13: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Methodology
![Page 14: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Evaluation Design – Mixed Methods
Informal Interviews
Program Data Analysis
Survey
Quantitative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
Integration
![Page 15: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Survey Data
• Individuals represented – Survey distributed to all dealership email
addresses on file from CHEAPR applications (N=269)
– Emails represent variety of positions at dealerships
– Response rate of 30% (n=81)
• Dealerships represented – Invitations distributed among 88 dealerships
– Responses received from 56 dealerships (64%)
– 1–3 respondents per dealership
![Page 16: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Preliminary Survey Results
![Page 17: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Survey Respondents
1
4
5
5
6
6
7
13
17
17
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Accountant
Internet Sales Manager
Dealer Principal
Controller
Business Manager
Other
Finance & Insurance Manager
General Manager
General Sales Manager
Salesperson/Sales Consultant
Which of the following most closely matches your job title?
Office Manager (3) Sales Manager (2) Accounting Clerk
![Page 18: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Survey Respondents
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Co
un
t
What makes are sold at your dealership?
![Page 19: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Survey Respondents
• 74% are directly involved in selling vehicles to customers “Sales employees”
• 65% are responsible for supervising or managing sales employees
• 23% have owned/leased an EV personally
21 16
9
15
3
16
0%
10%
20%
30%
Not a salesemployee
1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 More than 20
About how many EVs have you sold or leased to customers?
![Page 20: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
How is the dealer incentive being distributed within dealerships?
![Page 21: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
69%
15%
11%
5%
At your dealership, how much of the dealer incentive does the salesperson responsible for
the sale receive?†
None
Less than half
About half
More than half
All of it
How is the dealer incentive being distributed within dealerships?
Though 95% of respondents said they
were at least moderately familiar with CHEAPR, 27% of all respondents and 31%
of sales employees were not aware of the dealer
incentive at the time of the survey.
†Respondents=55 Question only asked of respondents who said they were aware of the dealer incentive “I don’t know” responses excluded
![Page 22: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
How and to what extent does the incentive motivate dealership employees to increase EV sales?
![Page 23: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
3.37
3.40
3.67
3.40
3.54
1 2 3 4 5
Spend time learning about EVs
Spend time teaching other staff about EVs
Spend time with a customer to teach them about EVownership and use
Try to convert customers interested in conventionalvehicles to EVs
In general, try to sell more EVs
To what extent are you motivated by the current dealer incentive to do each of the following?
How and to what extent does the incentive motivate dealership employees to increase EV sales?
Not at all motivated
Slightly motivated
Moderately motivated
Very motivated
Extremely motivated
†
†
Respondents=57 †Sales employees only; respondents=40
Only those who were aware of dealer incentive
![Page 24: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
To what extent are you motivated to do each of the following? –Sales Employees
1 2 3 4 5
Spend time learning about EVs
Spend time teaching other staff about EVs
Spend time with a customer to teach them about EVownership and use
Try to convert customers interested in conventionalvehicles to EVs
In general, try to sell more EVs
Currently If $300 Received Personally
*
Not at all motivated
*
*
*
*
Slightly motivated
Moderately motivated
Very motivated
Extremely motivated
Sales employees only Respondents=40
*Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05)
![Page 25: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
1 2 3 4 5
Spend time learning about EVs
Spend time teaching other staff about EVs
Spend time with a customer to teach them about EVownership and use
Try to convert customers interested in conventionalvehicles to EVs
In general, try to sell more EVs
Receive no part of incentive Receive any part of incentive
To what extent are you motivated to do each of the following? –Sales Employees
Not at all motivated
Slightly motivated
Moderately motivated
Very motivated
Extremely motivated
Sales employees only Respondents=37
*Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05)
![Page 26: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
At what level should the dealer incentive be set to balance cost and effectiveness?
![Page 27: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Minimum Dealer Incentive Recommendations
Mean Minimum Maximum Median
What is the minimum dealer incentive amount salespeople would need to receive personally to motivate them to increase their EV sales? (n=76)
$233 $0 $500 $200
What is the minimum dealer incentive amount salespeople would need to receive personally to motivate them to increase their EV sales? —Sales employees (n=56)
$236 $0 $500 $200
Additionally, what is the minimum dealer incentive amount that would motivate your dealership to increase your EV sales? (n=73)
$565 $0 $5,000 $500
Additionally, what is the minimum dealer incentive amount that would motivate your dealership to increase your EV sales? —Dealer principals, (vice) presidents, controllers, and general managers (n=20)
$623 $0 $5,000 $500
![Page 28: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Additional Learnings
![Page 29: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
-2 -1 0 1 2
EVs are a smart financial decision.
EVs are an effective way for drivers to reduce theirenvironmental impact.
There aren't many perks to owning an EV.
It is inconvenient to have an EV be your primary vehicle.
EVs are the future of the new car market.
I personally prefer conventional vehicles over EVs.
Have Never Owned an EV Have Owned an EV
How much do you disagree or agree with the following? –All Employees
Strongly disagree
*
Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Agree
Strongly agree
*
Respondents=77 *Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05)
![Page 30: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
1 2 3 4 5
Spend time learning about EVs
Spend time teaching other staff about EVs
Spend time with a customer to teach them about EVownership and use
Try to convert customers interested in conventionalvehicles to EVs
In general, try to sell more EVs
Have Never Owned an EV Have Owned an EV
To what extent are you motivated by the current dealer incentive to do each of the following? –All Employees
Not at all motivated
*
Slightly motivated
Moderately motivated
Very motivated
Extremely motivated
Respondents=57; only those who were aware of dealer incentive †Sales employees only; respondents=39
*Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05)
†
†
![Page 31: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Takeaways
![Page 32: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Lessons Learned for Program and Evaluation Design • Program design broadly
– Development of program theory critical during the early stages of program design
– Stakeholder input can help optimize program design
• Program design for incentivizing dealerships to sell EVs – Need to explicitly identify target population for incentive
to optimize design and delivery
– Opportunities around EV use and experience
• Evaluation design – To inform design, process/implementation evaluation is
essential
– Process/implementation evaluation is no less essential for internal evaluations
![Page 33: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Next Steps
• “By dealership” analysis
• Qualitative data analysis and integration
• Making meaning with staff and stakeholders
• Sharing results
![Page 34: Evaluating the Connecticut Dealer Incentive for Electric ... · 25/10/2016 · Rebate (CHEAPR) program offers rebates for new, eligible electric vehicles purchased since May 2015](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050601/5fa87a08df125d3755114586/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Citations
Sierra Club. (2016). Multi-state study of the electric vehicle shopping experience. Retrieved from http://www.sierraclub.org/
Cahill, E., & Davies, J. (2014). New car dealers and retail innovation in California’s plug-in vehicle market (Policy brief 2014-12). Retrieved from http://policyinstitute.ucdavis.edu/files/Policy-Brief_Cahill-Davies_2014-12.pdf
Kress, R. (2015). Why car dealerships struggle with selling electric vehicles. The Fuse. Retrieved from http://energyfuse.org/why-car-dealerships-struggle-with-selling-electric-vehicles/
Center for Sustainable Energy. (2016). Electric vehicles 101. Retrieved from https://cleanvehiclerebate.org/eng/electric-vehicles-101