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European exploration and colonization


European exploration and colonization had lasting effects, which can be used to understand the Western Hemisphere today.


Essential question What lasting effects did European exploration and colonization have on the Western Hemisphere?


Student requirements1. Complete a chart about explorers.2. Make a flip book about Christopher Columbus3. Complete a chart about European cultural practices

brought to the Western Hemisphere4. Create a map that shows where England, France, and

Spain settled in America5. Create a scrapbook documenting lasting effects of

European colonization in the Western Hemisphere (images of architecture; maps with place names;

descriptions of governments, festivals, celebrations, holidays, traditional foods).

European exploration and colonizationExplorer Country

explored forYear Area explored/ result


Vikings The first attempt by Europeans to colonize the New World occurred around 1000 A.D., when the Vikings sailed from the British Isles to Greenland, established a colony, and then moved on to Labrador, the Baffin Islands, and finally Newfoundland. There they established a colony named Vineland (meaning fertile region) and from that base sailed along the coast of North America, observing the flora, fauna, and native peoples. Inexplicably, after a few years Vineland was abandoned.


Vikings


Future exploration The stage for exploration was set because of religious and political changes, and technological innovations in navigation. Bigger, faster ships and the invention of navigational devices such as the astrolabe and sextant made extended voyages possible. But the most powerful inducement to exploration was trade. Marco Polo's famous journey to Cathay signaled Europe's "discovery" of Chinese and Islamic civilizations. The Orient became a magnet to traders, and exotic products and wealth flowed into Europe.


The map shows Marco Polo's famous journey. Click on the forward arrow to see Marco Polo's route. Which continents did he cross to reach Beijing?

http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g2_u5/index.html


Portugal Portugal led the other countries into exploration. Encouraged by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese seamen sailed southward along the African coast, seeking a water route to the East. Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the tip of Africa and into the Indian Ocean in 1487 before his frightened crew forced him to give up the quest. A year later, Vasco da Gama succeeded in reaching India and returned to Portugal laden with jewels and spices.


Bartolomeu Dias


Vacso de Gama


Spain Spain's imperial ambitions were launched by Christopher Columbus. Born in Genoa, Italy, around 1451, Columbus learned the art of navigation on voyages in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. In August 1492, Columbus sailed west with his now famous ships, Niña, Pinta, and Santa María. After ten weeks he sighted an island in the Bahamas, which he named San Salvador.


Spain Columbus returned to Spain with many products unknown to Europe--coconuts, tobacco, sweet corn, potatoes--and with tales of dark-skinned native peoples whom he called "Indians" because he assumed he had been sailing in the Indian Ocean. He made three more voyages to America between 1494 and 1502, during which he explored Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Jamaica, and Trinidad.


Spain More Spanish expeditions followed. Juan Ponce de León explored the coasts of Florida in 1513. Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean in the same year. Ferdinand Magellan's expedition sailed around the tip of South America, across the Pacific to the Philippines, through the Indian Ocean, and back to Europe around the southern tip of Africa between 1519 and 1522.


Juan Ponce de Leon


Vasco Núñez de Balboa


Ferdinand Magellan


Spain Two expeditions led directly to Spain's emergence as sixteenth-century Europe's wealthiest and most powerful nation. The first was headed by Hernando Cortés, who in 1519 led a small army of Spanish and Native Americans against the Aztec Empire of Mexico. Completing the conquest in 1521, Cortés took control of the Aztecs' fabulous gold and silver mines. Ten years later, an expedition under Francisco Pizarro overwhelmed the Inca Empire of Peru, securing for the Spaniards the great Inca silver mines.


Hernando Cortés


Francisco Pizarro


Spain From 1535-1536, Cabeza de Vaca explored the North American Southwest, adding that region to Spain's New World empire. A few years later (1539-1542) Francisco Vásquez de Coronado discovered the Grand Canyon and journeyed through much of the Southwest looking for gold and the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola. About the same time Hernando de Soto explored southeastern North America from Florida to the Mississippi River.


Cabeza de Vaca


Francisco Vásquez de Coronado


Hernando de Soto


France While Spain was building its New World empire, France was also exploring the Americas. In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazano was commissioned to locate a northwest passage around North America to India. He was followed in 1534 by Jacques Cartier, who explored the St. Lawrence River as far as present-day Montreal.


Giovanni da Verrazano


JaquesCartier


France Unlike Spain's empire, "New France" produced no caches of gold and silver. Instead, the French traded with inland tribes for furs and fished off the coast of Newfoundland. New France was sparsely populated by trappers and missionaries and dotted with military forts and trading posts.


The Netherlands The Dutch were also engaged in the exploration of America. Formerly a Protestant province of Spain, the Netherlands was determined to become a commercial power and saw exploration as a means to that end. In 1609, Henry Hudson led an expedition to America for the Dutch East India Company and laid claim to the area along the Hudson River as far as present-day Albany.


HenryHudson


England In 1497 Henry VII of England sponsored an expedition to the New World headed by John Cabot, who explored a part of Newfoundland and reported an abundance of fish. Queen Elizabeth granted charters to Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh to colonize America. Gilbert headed two trips to the New World. By the seventeenth century, the English had taken the lead in colonizing North America, establishing settlements all along the Atlantic coast and in the West Indies.


HenryHudson


SirWalterRaleigh


A biography of maritime explorer Christopher Columbus.

(1) Christopher Columbus was an explorer long ago.

(2) Columbus was born in Italy in 1451. His parents were weavers, or people who make cloth. But Christopher wanted to become a sailor.

(3) As he grew, he learned to make and read maps. He also learned to sail.He wanted to find a new path to faraway lands. He hoped to find gold in those lands.


(4) Columbus told people about his plan. At first, nobody would help him. Then, the King and Queen of Spain said they would help.

(5) They gave Columbus money to buy three ships. Next, Columbus found sailors who would travel with him. Finally, he was ready to sail. Would he find a new path?

(6) The trip was long and hard for the sailors. Everyone hoped to spot land. They did! It was an island near America.


(7) In the end, Columbus did not find the new path he thought he might find. He never knew that he was far from the lands he had hoped to visit. But Columbus did go to a place that no one from his home had ever seen. Today, we remember how Columbus explored the seas.


(8) Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)A time line tells the order in which things happen. This one shows some dates in the life of Columbus.

1451Columbus is born.

August 3, 1492Columbus's three ships sail from Spain.

October 12, 1492Columbus lands on an island near America.


ProjectCreate a flip book about the life of Christopher Columbus.

Include:-time line-map showing 3 voyages-important facts/accomplishments

(the amount of pages in the flip book is up to you)


Beginning with Columbus's first landing in the New World, European nations laid claim to what would become the United States. Remains of that history are still part America. Spanish missions from Florida to California, the distinctive architecture of the French Quarter in New Orleans, place names like New London, Lake Bayou D'Arbonne, Harlem, Las Cruces, etc.


As a result of Columbus' voyage, Spain made the first claims to the New World, but other countries soon made claims of their own as a result of the voyages of their explorers. By the 18th century, North America had been divided on the basis of these various claims.


European claims in the New World were based on the exploits of a variety of explorers. The temporary ownership of America by various European powers—specifically, England, France, Holland, Russia, and Spain—has left an enduring influence in America as witnessed through architecture, place names, music and other cultural touchstones.


Lasting effects of European exploration and colonization can be seen today in the cultural practices and products of the Western Hemisphere, including place names, languages, religions, and agricultural practices and products.


Examples of the impact of European exploration of colonization include:• Place names (e.g., La Paz, Costa Rica);

• Languages (e.g., English, Spanish, Portuguese, French);

• Religions (e.g., Catholicism, Protestantism);

• Agricultural practices (e.g., domestication of animals, move from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture); and

• Agricultural products (e.g., chickens, horses, apples, coffee, soybeans).


ProjectCopy the chart on the following slide. Use the information you have already learned or research on the computer to complete the chart.


England France Spain Portugal Holland

Place names

Language

Religion

Agricultural practices

Agriculturalproducts


WHAT WE EAT is a 13-part series that looks at how Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Conquistadors changed what people ate and how that fundamental shift changed almost everything on our planet.

http://www.burttravels.com/whatweeat.htm


Project Create a scrapbook documenting lasting effects of European colonization in the Western Hemisphere (e.g., images of architecture; maps with place names; descriptions of governments, festivals, celebrations, holidays, traditional foods).

Download - European exploration and colonization

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