EUROPEAN COMMISSION - EUROSTAT
ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methodsof business-related Statistics
2010 project on statistical units
n° 30121.2010.005 - 2010.405
Results of the qualitative part
of the “Inquiry on the Statistical Units”:
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The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
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M. Consalvi – Istat (Italy)____________________________________________________________
ESSnet on Consistency – Project on Statistical Units – Workshop Riga 2012
Riga – 19th and 20th June 2012
Fiscal sources
Social Security
and Labour
sources
Statistical Sources
Legal Registers
Business Accounts
Other Sources
Turnover 71.4 0.0 39.3 7.1 10.7 7.1
Employees / Persons employed 7.1 75.0 35.7 7.1 7.1 7.1
Id variables / Localization / Legal Form 10.7 7.1 17.9 17.9 0.0 3.6
Main and secondary economic activity 17.9 10.7 42.9 25.0 3.6 17.9
Status of activity / Dates of birth and death 21.4 14.3 7.1 17.9 0.0 3.6
Main administrative / statistical sources
Main detected characteristics
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
Respondent Countries by main administrative/statistical sources used
to implement the enterprises in the BR and main detected characteristics
(% out of 28 respondent countries)
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
The Regulation N. 696/93 states that “The enterprise is the smallest
combination of legal units that is an organizational unit producing
goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of
autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its
current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities
at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit”.
The application of each part has been investigated
Part 1
Part 3
Part 2
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
Countries %No Response 2 6.5
Each identified legal unit is considered a productive unit without further analysis 4 12.9
Further analysis (multiple answer): 25 80.7
1. By using sources that identify exactly a legal unitthat exercises a productive activity 14 45.2
2. By using thresholds of one or more variables(e.g. turnover, employees,...) 13 41.9
3. By using more complex methods(deterministic/probabilistic models) 3 9.7
4. Profiling methods 11 35.5
5. Other 6 19.4
Respondent Countries by methods to apply "Part 1" of the Enterprise definition
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
Part 1
53.8%
61.5%
61.5%
48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64
Employment
Turnover
Other (Income,wages, other
sources)
Variables used for “threshold”:
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
Part 2
No of countries
%
No Response 2 6.5
1. "An enterprise has accountsat its disposal" 21 67.7
2. "The operations of an enterprise aremanaged in an integrated manner" 13 41.9
3. "Market orientation of an enterprise" 12 38.7
4. Other 8 25.8
Respondent Countries by features of “autonomy”
to apply "Part 2" of the Enterprise definition
n
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
Legal Unit
...
Enterprise
Legal Unit Enterprise
Enterprise
Enterprise
Legal Unit
Legal Unit
Legal Unit...
Enterprise
Enterprise
Enterprise
...
1
1
m n
1 45.2 % (14)
38.7 % (12)
3.2 % (1)
6.5 % (2)Other relationships
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
Coverage of application of “Part 3” of the Enterprise definition
No of countries
%
Criteria applied to the whole population 5 33.3
Criteria applied to a subset of units 10 66.7
of which:
- "statistical" restriction 4 40.0
- subset of particular legal form 3 30.0
- subset of particular economic activities 1 10.0
- subset by dimension 2 20.0
Subset of 15 countries one-to-one relationship
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
1. LeUs carrying out ancillary activities (within an enterprise)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
2. LeUs carrying out integrated activities (vertical/horizontal integration)
3. Separate LeUs for factors of production
4. LeUs providing shared services to more than one enterprise within an EG
5. Holding companies within a group
6. Other typologies (e.g. SPE or Artificial Subsidiaries of Corporations from SNA2008)
46.7% (7)
40% (6)
60% (9)
40% (6)
40% (6)
73.3% (11)
Typologies of LeUs to be combined/split to apply “Part 3” of the def.
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Typology of legal units AT BE DK EE ES LV NO SE
1. Legal units carrying out ancillary activities (within an enterprise) 0.01 0.35 0.00 0.002. Legal units carrying out integrated activities (vert/horiz integration) 1.29 0.00 0.04 0.133.Separate legal units for factors of production 0.01 0.014.Legal units providing shared services to more than one enterprise within an enterprise group 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.005.Holding companies within a group 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.006.Other typologies 0.53 0.05Total LeU / Total EU-EFTA 1.03 2.89 1.27 0.30 9.04 0.27 1.85 1.88
1. Legal units carrying out ancillary activities (within an enterprise) 0.02 0.75 0.03 0.042. Legal units carrying out integrated activities (vert/horiz integration) 0.87 0.05 0.42 1.343.Separate legal units for factors of production 0.26 0.744.Legal units providing shared services to more than one enterprise within an enterprise group 2.52 0.04 0.28 0.125.Holding companies within a group 0.00 0.02 0.52 0.006.Other typologies 0.01 0.00Total LeU / Total EU-EFTA 1.90 1.83 0.89 0.34 8.74 0.45 1.10 2.52
1. Legal units carrying out ancillary activities (within an enterprise) 0.02 1.89 0.06 0.052. Legal units carrying out integrated activities (vert/horiz integration) 0.68 0.09 0.06 2.643.Separate legal units for factors of production 0.09 1.594.Legal units providing shared services to more than one enterprise within an enterprise group 0.11 0.00 0.15 0.145.Holding companies within a group 0.00 0.02 0.33 0.006.Other typologies 0.00 0.00Total LeU / Total EU-EFTA 0.06 0.12 0.31 0.01 0.22 0.00 0.47 0.79
% Legal Units
% Employment
% Turnover
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
According to:
High/low coverage of the “treated” units in the BR
Number of typologies of LeUs to be combined/split
Additional description of the activities performed
It was possible to classify better
the countries in terms of their
treatment of Legal Units
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
% Countries
% Enterprises (out of Total
EU/EFTA)
% Employment (out of Total
EU/EFTA)
No LeUs treatment 3 10.34 4.16 4.13
No combination/split of LeUs 11 37.93 43.67 40.54
Combination/split of LeUs 15 51.72 52.17 55.33
of which:
"soft" combination 7 24.14 32.39 37.32
"strict" combination 8 27.59 19.78 18.01
Countries
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ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
The Statistical Unit “Enterprise”
1. The use of threshold (turnover and/or employees) is the main criteria to identify enterprise from the legal units.
2. The most used criterion for “autonomy” is “an enterprise has accounts at its disposal” (68% of the NSIs)
3. Profiling methods seem to be used by 11 (35.5 %) countries.
5. Out of these countries only 8 seem to apply “strictly” the combination of LUs: 19.8 % in terms of total European enterprise, 18.0% in terms of total European employment.
4. Combination of LUs (using profiling or other methods) are performed by 15 Countries
Conclusions
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Thanks for your attention!
ESSnet on Consistency of Concepts and Methods of business-related Statistics. WP1 Statistical units
First results of the Inquiry – Quantitative analysis