Download - ETAP 12.6 - Tutorial para o programa
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Chapter 3
Overview
ETAP is the most comprehensive solution for
the
design, simulation, and analysis
of
generation,
transmission, distribution,
and
industrial power systems.
ETAP organizes your work
on a project basis. Each project that you create provides all the necessary
tools and support for modeling and analyzing an electrical power system. A project consists
of
an
electrical system that requires a unique set of electrical components and interconnections. ln ETAP, each
project provides a set of users, user access controls, and a separate database
in
which its elements and
connectivity data are stored.
CB11
Sub2A
Po
ETAP
' ]
Study Vi
ew
Edit Mode)
34.5 kV
Main
Bus
~ S u b A
;
T2
10MVA
G
1200 MVAsc
Utility
Gen1
7.5MW
y V.
BD
CT2
.
500/5
Sub2A-N
.
Syn1
1250
HP
Sy al l lo1or, 1
25
HP
Le
•
il :u
t
C..•r r. Coap
7 l l W ~ f f
.
\
3 1
Mtr2
4x2500HP
T1
Hyper1ink for
etap
com
ETAP Tutoriais
15110/5 MVA
Sub
.
..;
Sub3Net
Gnd1
T4
6V.
5MVA
T
CAP1
45
levar
Bus1
0 48kV
OC
System
ETAP
12.5
User Guide
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Introduetion
Your -
t om
aialing
pnij 1t file
i l spcQal
p:ojeçt
file
wi1h m
.OTI
i:xlenlion. Tbc
BTAP
detabese is atored
in an ODBC MIÇliant dehbe11e file
llllCh
u
MiCIOtlOft Aaiaa
(*.MDB). Tbeile
:1i1 ea
work
to etMr to provid acceaa CIO drol 111d
ltorage for euh
project 8lld
111e
the pro jec t .
BTAP
platel all
olllputrepadl
:hm
yaur
_project
nlo
the
wne
mb-directoiy
wllae
thi•
clotebue
reaidea.
ETAP bu been deajgnod and
deftloped
by mginoen for rmginOM
to
handle lhe clivme di ICiplino of
power 1J11m111 il1
mie
illllegr8llld
p•rktp with lllllltiplo
illlmfiM:o
v ins
m:h
11 AC
111d
DC notworils,
cable
IK<>ways, pound
pid OIS, p1111els
~ COOldiDaticm/seleelivit;y, anel
AC lllld DC
COldlol
y á l l ~
Data
Exchange
::'.'
-
e
1
-
·
, • •
ontro
\ -
· _ -·
Systems ; .-
Cable
Pulling
. ;. _
Raceway
Network
Analysis
I '
User-Defined
Dynamíc Models
Rea l- nme
System
Device
Coordínati
on
Selectivity
Bnoompusing
all theae
aywtam
and 'Yiewa ili. one pllDge an-
mginem
1D model and wl) Ze all
aspec:ts
of an
electriW
l) SUm
:ll:om
conlrol
system cliagrams to
panei
systmns, as
well
aa largo
tnnsmission and dillribution
)'5te1111.
Ali immfaco
vins
- coqüloly graphical llDd
tho
r w u i n
prope tios
of
Adi
cm:mtelemeut
cmbe
edbd
m-t1y
from
dieN viewB. Cakulatim
1ta
me diaplayecl on the intdce viftll
Cor
yuur
convmimcc
BTAP BTAP 12.S UHrGuldo
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Overview
Introduction
Project Toolbar
1
Project Tool
ba
r @]
1
D ~ g 1 [Q, 1
:JC
~
@
1
f J
~
El:
fil ~ ~ 1 . 1 dii *** ~ 1 ~ i.Jli Ia 1
o
1 t,,? 1@ 1E ample Delaull Stand
a•
d 1* rn
1
Files,
Printing,
Cut, Copy, Paste, Pan, Zoom
ln
and Out, Back and Forward, Undo and Redo,
Zoom Fit
to
Page, Text Box, Polyline Text Box, Grid Lines, Theme, Continuity Circuit
Check,Switching lnterlock Enforcer,
Hyperlinks, Get
Template, Add
to
Template, Power
Calculator, Find, and Hel
Select
ET
AP System
...... Tt8 00flJ ~ J o ít E
a
'
Q
't'
t
1
3-D Database Toolbar
Select interface views
or
s stems
·-
,
_
•
otnp
-
4o
_
I IH
----···
---
-
Base and Revision Toolbar
j l
ACElements
(Edit Toolbar)
Drag-and-drop
AC elements
llJ
i
\ 1 DC Elements
: (Edit Toolbar)
1
lace DC elements
~
~ n l u d i n g UPS, VFD,
, \ er,
and
Inverter
Instruments
(Edit Toolbar)
Place PT, CT, Rei
ays, and Meters.
..,. 1 1
Stud View
....
I
../
J
Norma
l
DataManager Presentations Composites Configurations
Unlimited Unlimited List
of
Composites Unlimited
Revisions to save Presentations to set inproject for quick Configurations to
multiple sets
of
different views
of
lookup and access. save switching
engineering
the sarne system.
status
of
properties. View
devices/loads
Base Revisions
data differences.
ETAP 3-3 ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview Introduction
Select Analysis
Mode
1 Mode
Edit Mode Drag-and-Drop Connect Elements
Stud
Mode For le
Load
Flow or
Short-Circuit
Menu
Fle it Vew P
ro
ject Lbrary
Rules Defaults
Tools
RevCon
t
ro
l Real-Time Window Help
- - - -
Includes commands for files, printing, conversions, project standards, settings, options,
editing libraries, setting defaults, selecting annotation fonts, printing libraries,
base and
revision data settin for Real-Time Modules etc.
Project View
Create
new and
manipulate one-line
diagram
presentations,
underground cable
raceways,
ground
grid systems,
configurations, and
study cases; access
System Dumpster,
libraries,
and all
elements.
•
MSGLogger
View
th e
latest
messages
related to
ETAP
projects.
These can be expanded or
reduced.
ET.AP
-
:3 '
1 1 1 " ' ~
<» ~ 0 n o - U . Ô f o t o ) M N · 3
.V eJSW •S
• 1 : - 1 . . - . ;
o:;; o M l l G r l d J o t « e
~ a ~ P l * ' o ~
c ios
J l l r O o l ~
-
J S U M
ú
W : j
....
t : : l l o W A i . M
.
... Q » u t ( l l t ·
ç i ~ ~ t b f l O · . .
> •
1::33
.
.
Nested
Composite Network
3-4
Dumpster
Canhave
unlimited
cells.
One-Line Diagram
InEditMode
Schedule Report
Manager
Print bus, branch,
and
load schedules using
Crystal Reports.
Display Options
Options
to
display
annotations
of
elements
on
the
one
line
diagram for Edit
Mode
ETAP 12.S User
Guide
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Overview ntroduction
All ETAP systems talce advantage
of
a common data.base. For example a cable not only contains data
representing its electrical properties but also contains the physical routing in rmation to indicate the
raceways through which it is routed. A relay not only contains information pertinent to analysis like load
flow and short-circuit but also contains time current characteristic information that allows the engineer to
perform protection or coordination studies.
Trip times set in these studies are also used by transient analysis to determine the total operating time
of
a
break.er during a transient condition when the relay pickup value is reached. ETAP can therefore simulate
automatic relay actions based on the relay settings. This type of integration makes ETAP a true power
system simulator program.
ETAP also contains built-in libraries that are accessible from project files. New libraries can be created or
existing libraries can be modi:fied to include custom manufacturer data.
ETAP systems and interface views can
be
accessed using the System toolbar.
TAP
3-5
ETAP 12.5
User
Guide
8/16/2019 ETAP 12.6 - Tutorial para o programa
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Ovenlew
System Toolbar
3 1 System Toolbar
Th Systllm
toolbar
is
a
conwnient
and
efficicmt
mllthod
of
awitching
blltw
ETAP
ayst.ems.
Syste .@
rn Projec:t
v•
[ 1 NetworkSyatans (AC or
DC
One-LIDe
Diagrw)
Ili
Stu
Syatem8 StarVlews)
UlldergrowldRacewa,S71tems UGS)
GroundGrld
S:ptema
008)
.
Cable Palllq Sylteml
@
ETAP
Real-Time
Syatem1 ( 'SMS)
GeoJ:rapJdcal
ID Gl'lllldlJm
Syatmm (GJS Map)
f t
ControlS,.tcmDlqnum (CSD)
gJ Uar-cldlned DynamlcModelGnpblcalEclitor l lDM)
t
S1*m
Dumpttu
When
navigatiDg
fl:om
cme ETAP
Byácm
to
uiDg
1hia
toolb8r, ETAP
will
OJICll
the
Wt
acceascd
pn:BCDfa1ion
fur
the 11electcd BY*Jn.
For
c:xample, i
you are
llWitt:hing 1iom
Netwmk
SyBtems to Stm'
Syatcma, BTAP
will check
for
an
cmting
Sm
View.
Jf
Star Viewa
c:xiirt
ETAP
will
open
lhe
W
aa:esscdStar Viaw andmab it 1m
actiw
window.
Jf
thm are
no c:xiPing
pn:sell Btions, ETAP wi1l prompt you
to cia1e
a new preeentatiOD with
the
exception
of
Ground
Grid.
The batton for Oroand Gri4 wil1 be disab1ecl i no pn:tentalion
hu
been
cn:ated. See Gl'OllDd
Grid Systems Cbapter 42
fur imtructiou on how to creete Ground Gri4
pn:8ellla1iou.
ETAP ETAP 12.SUecrOuidc
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Overview System Toolbar
3.1.1 Existing Views
Ifyou are switching from
Network
Systems
to
Star Systems, ETAP will
check for
an existing Star View
If
Star
Views
files
do
exist,
ETAP will
open
the last
accessed Star
View
and
make
it
the
active window.
p11 d -1-Mfu5M i i \§ i i i
-liil •
[)
l<l if
a.
> °e
(tAl'Tl.IJ
. . . . . . .
' f M ~ l o ) o o o i l Y . . ) f \ h ~ A t t W - l 4 Q
...
. fJ
: ~ : : : : = ~ --,.-
- ' - -T- ' - - . - ' 'T ' - -+-
__,._,.__-i--"-..._,
.. G
-1
_
3.1.2 New Views
I f you are switching from Network Systems to Cable Pulling Systems
and ET
AP does not find any
existing Cable Pulling Systems,
it
wi11 thenpromptyou to create a new intetface view for this system.
t 2150HP
Powtt Amatnls
ET AP 3-7 ET AP
12 S
User
Guide
8/16/2019 ETAP 12.6 - Tutorial para o programa
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Overview Project View
3.2
Project View
ET
AP
provides a special
view
of
your project called the Project View.
The
Project
View is
a graphical
tree representation that includes the presentations, configurations, study cases, libraries,
and
components
associated with your project.
Sy
stem
Click the Project
View
button
on
the System toolbar
The
project tree
can
be expanded to display these items. Clicking
a + icon
(inside a square) increases
the
tree expansion, showing
more
details. Clicking a
-
icon
(inside a square) decreases
the
tree
expansion, showing fewer details. Selecting an item by right-clicking it will display a context-sensitive
command
menu
that allows
you to
perform actions
on the
selected item.
User
ID
and access levei
8 e Pres
ntCt ~ ; ; ; ; ; ; ~
e
D
OLV
Presl
.,i..
='.:5::=f--11r
Project :filename
D RelayView
lll D studyView
lll CJstor - 8
) U/G Roc...,y Systems
D Groond Gr<I
System> - 2
êJ Cable PUlo;i Systems - l
DGIS
[E
eJ Contrai Systems - 1
lll
t J
OUrc>ster
8
e Cort
iou
rat '1s
9
e
s t a t u s .
~
- -
~
8
a Create New
D st0901
D
TSEvents
s estudyCases
l LoodF.,.,-4
CJ Short
cr
cui:
-4
lll D CableOer
ating-1
lll
D
Motor
stortno -
2
ei
Hormonic
Analysis -
l
EJ
Tronsient stobity • 2
CJ
Optrnal Power
F.,.,,_,. 1 1
Cl
DC
Load Fow - 1 1 Create
New
lll D oc Short
Crcut
- 1
(iJ
CJ
Battery Sizing -
1
Open
D
Reliobity
Anolysis
• 1
Sove
One-line diagram presentations.
Right-dick to create new presentations.
Double-click to view a presentation.
UGS nresentations can be created from the Proiect View.
Dumpster
can
be accessed from the Project View.
Configurations
can
be created from
the
Project View.
Right-click to rename, purge, or duplicate configurations.
Right-click to create new study cases.
~ ~ e r v i s o r y Corb'ol -
1
Save as .
D L.nbalanced 3-Phase
Lo.d F.,., •
----
l· - - -
Cl
Capacítor
Plac:ement
- 1
Right-click to Open, Save, Save As,
Create,
and
Purge libraries.
ll EJ STAR Anolysis - 1
lll
QCSDAnalysis
()Lllroríes
•
E
:\
C
D Components
l ii 6fJijilMM j§1MM
161
eJ Cotk
$ -8 CõbleF 'e Prot
e<:t
on
eJ F reCod:O;l
12J f
ir
e
st
op
ê ) Fre Wrap
EJ
Mot lf
N a m e p l ~
{J
MotorModel
~ i i • • m o
·f ]
Mot.or
l
i»:l
H V B r
IEJ Fuse
B - l t t l i b r
~ r n o n c u
C.:vy(Merge
O Overloõd+leoter
Ql n t
er
ruptionCost
ETAP
-
"
Create
Saveos .
C
reat
e
Right-click to
View, Copy/Merge,
and
Purge Motor
Characteristic
library.
3-8
na
zer (Pro1ect Editor)
lil
e
'•sent 5
lil
DC<ri...,otlon
s
EJ t u d y C ~ e s
l I
D Libraries - C:\ETAPS\PowerS
B e;J
e..,.,..,....,
B
ei Bu<
· lO
D t
D
eusz
D 3
D Del...t
DL
VBu
Dm I
D MCCl Fn:tnstudyYlew
D 5<b 3 Fi>d ..
n 5<.l>2A _
P r_
. . ....
Right-click
to
find an
element
or
edit its
properties. You can find
elements in the last active
one-line diagram
presentation,
or
in
any
desired presentation.
ETAP
12.5
User
Guide
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Overview Network Systems
3.3 Network Systems
ETAP provides a graphical editor
to
construct your one-line diagram.
You
can graphically add detete
move or connect elements by using the one-line diagram Edit toolbar; zoom in or out; display
grid
on or
off; change element size orientation symbol or visibility; enter properties; set operating status; etc.
ttútl ...... l r o t e e l ~ - 1 ' t O t l M J l o o l i l ~ .......... ..... ...
D
ca: lil
em li
E l . E \ . E: El lll
1 ;JI .:IA ?
·-
·B..... r,.;,...,,,..7 T =rr .
.. .... ..==
•
-
•
Y
ou
can use composite networks
and
motors with
unlimited nesting capabilities
to
create uncluttered and
easy to follow one-line diagrams. Composite networks
: 1
• • •
Click here to access
AC Network Systems
• Study Víew
~ ]
P Genl
'6 y ?.S LI
.lS
/
10/S
f.f.JA
1 3 . 8 kV
allow
up
to 20 connections from outside
the network making them very flexible
so they can be used in a variety of
configurations.
• Study i e w ~
S u b J
Net
r;J(QJL8:]
- . - - - - - - -
. .
Note: The nesting capabilities
of
a one
line diagram do
not
affect the
calculation results in any way.
Calculation programs consider all one
line diagram components nested
in
any
level.
ETAP
Su.b3
Swgr
4. 16 kV
ô 6
3-9
Su b3
Svqr
..
T3
15
WA
LVBus
)
O. 48 k V
~
l
yn2
Loadl
LUMP
l HO
Vl
15
H
IU JNA
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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veniew Mode Toolbar
3 4 Mode Toolbar
When
you clli:k the One-Linc Diagram Netwod: Systcma) buttan on
the
Systml toolbar, the Mode
toolbar becomes availahlc that contains all the study modules n:lated
to
1he one-line diagmm.
ln
geneml, ETAP has tbrec mocles
ofoperation
unda Netwmk Systems; Edit, AC Study, and DC Study.
The
C
Study mode conaim of malysea IUCb u
Load
Flow, Shmt-Circuit, Motm Acceleration,
Tnmaient
Stability, and.Protective Device Coorclination.
~
I
TQJ
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Mode Toolbar with Motor StartingMode Selected
3 4 1 Edit Mode
Edit Mode enables you
to
build your one-linc
diagnm.
change systml connections, edit cmgineering
propenies, save your project, and genemte schedule repods
in
CJyBtal R.eports formais. You
can
select
tbis mode by clicking the Edit button graphically repMsen1eci
by
a pcncil).
The
Edit toolbani for AC
Biementa, DC Elements, and lnstmmcmtation Elements
wi1l
be
displayM
to
the
right
side
of the
ETAP
window.
~ ~
:QJ
§
í J
m
t m J
ª
Mode Toolberwith Edit Mode Selected
This mode
provides aecess
to
editing
features tbat inolude:
• Draggiilg
anel
Dropping Elements
•
Connecting Blementll
• Chenging IDs
• Cutting. Copying. and Pasting Elements
• Moving Items frmn SyatemDumpster
• lnsertingOLE Objects
• Cutting
Copying. andPaatingOLEObjects
• Merging
wo
BTAP Projecta
• lliding/Sbowing OroupsofProteetive
Devioes
• Rotating
El ements
• Sizing
Elementa
• Chenging
Symbols
• EditingProperlies
• Rnnnjng
Schedule
Report Manager
BTAP 3-10 BTAP 12
5 Uaer
Guide
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Overview
Mode Toolbar
3 4 2 Study Mode
Study Modes enable you to create and modify study cases, perform system analysis, view alarrn/alert
conditions, and view output reports and plots. When a Study Mode is active selected), the toolbar for the
selected study is displayed
on
the right side of the ETAP window. By clicking the buttons on the Study
toolbar,
you
can run studies, transfer data, and change display options. The available Study Modes and
associated Study toolbars are shown
in
the table below.
StudyMode
LoadFlow
•
LoadFlow
• Auto-Run Load Flow
Motor Starting
• Dynamic Acceleration
• Static Starting
ETAP
Toolbar
Unh
lV
Mot ..
- ( 0
J\
Bi
lib
10·
3-11
StudyMode
Toolbar
Short Circuit
• ANSI Short-Circuit Duty
• ANSI 30 Cycle Faults
• ANSI Unbalanced Faults
• IEC Short-Circuit Duty
• IEC 909 Short-Circuit
• IEC Unbalanced Faults
3
3
.
-
-
-
p
M• x
-
e
vv
13 J
p
A
n
A
• IEC 363 Short-Circuit
4.
•
Are
Flash Analysis
4.
Bi
Bi
ld
Har
..
g
Harmonics
• Harmonic Load Flow
• Harmonic Frequency Scan
ETAP 12.5
User
Guide
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Overview
Transient Stability
• Transient Stability
• Generator Star-Up
DCLoadFlow
Battery
• Battery Sizing
• Battery Discharge
Optimal
Power
Flow
ETAP
r
n
1
DCL..
iiiJ
P-+
V
IW
Í •
ti
L: J
Batt ..
=
IW
Lb
Opto.
.
ill
@
~
3-12
Mode Toolbar
Protective
Device
Coordination
• Sequence ofOperation
• Max and Min SC
DC Short-Circuit
• DC Short-Circuit Analysis
• DC Are Flash Analysis
Unbalanced Load Flow
•
Open
Phase
Fault
Insertion
Reliability Assessment
ST
A ..
l il
t'L
[
;e
~
Cl
w
~
i i j
P
A
@]
Un j
PW
q
.......@
{ o
@
Ida
~
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview ode Toolbar
Optimal
Capacitor Placement Switching Sequence
Management
n
addition to the Study toolbar a Study Case toolbar is displayed autornatically when one
of
the Study
Modes becomes active.
The
Study Case toolbar allows you to control
and
manage the solution parameters
and output reports. The Study Case toolbar is available for all ETAP configurations.
St udy ~
l• [
L
Report li _re_po_
t J , ~ I
_
an
_ch j ~
ETAP
3 13
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Overview
Mode Toolbar
ETAP
otor
Starting
Study Case
Toolbar
Study c
...
_e
1 [
MS-Dyn
... ' - - - - [
S
_-D_n _ ____
.. .. --1r
_nc_h _ ____
.. ~
Select and edit Motor Starting study cases, set output report file name, and
select to
view
a report ofMotor Starting results
in
Crystal Reports format.
Motor Starting Repor Manager l .EJ
Adius
tment
s
8rarcli
Bus
Cable
Cover
E
quípmentCable
Events
lmpedance
lme
1ter
V
Out tR
t N
..
Time Slider
otor
Starting Time-S
li
der
Ti
me .•
1-
o
Display study results
on
the one-line diagram
at
different simulation times.
Nested Networks
Open Composite Motors
or Networks to see the
results
in
various units
Motor Starting Study
The Study toolbar changes
according to the selected
StudyMode.
-
o
~
Run
Run dynarnic
accelerationor
static starting
studies.
• MS Dyn Motor urrent
L;J§
r8J
Display Options
Display results and
info
annotations.
~
{ et }
0+ Get online or
l archived data.
~ ·
3-14 ETAP 12 5 User Guide
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verview
StarSystem
3 5 Star Systems
The
BTAP Star systems allow you
to
perform steady-6tate
and
dynamic device coordination, prot2ction,
and testing. Star systems u iliu intelligent ~ t i n e diagrams, comprehensive device libraries, and an
integrated
tbree-climensional database.
The ETAP library database provides comprehensive and ~ t o - d a t e protective device information. The
ETAP device libraries are
validated and
verified using
tbe
published manufactmer data and industry
standards.
ln
addition, ETAP allows you to
creste
and add new device
TCC
curves
using
st.at.e-of-the-att
digitizationpoints md fomwl.ation techniques.
System
.._______ IClit:k hcre to access
Star
systems.
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. . - - - - ~ ~ - - =
rff
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.
.
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t[
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-
Star systems enable syBtem engineers
to
ef ciently
perform protective deW:e coordination
studies.
The
intelligent
features provide informed and reliable recommendations regarding the feaslbility of
tbe
devices under consideration.
This
helps system engineers and planners
to
quicldy identify pomble design
ETAP 3-IS ETAP 12.SU er Guide
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Overview Star System
issues and make infonned decisions to improve system reliability, increase system stability, and
r e l ~
cost savings.
3.5.1 Key Features Capabilities
• Graphically adjustable device settings
• Sequence-of-operation
• Automatic detection
of
protection zones
• Automatic selection ofcoordination paths
• Combine Integrate multiple device curves
• Embedded analysis modules
• V eri:fied and validated device libraries
• Multi-function and multi-levei relays
• Built-in interface with relay hardware
• Display Actual Relay Transient Response
• User-definable
levice library
database
• Ground Neutral conductors damage curves
• filustrate system wide coordination
• Automatic layout ofthe one-line diagram
in
Star TCC iew
• Click drag curves to adjust settings
• Phase ground coordination modes
• Automatic current voltage scaling
• Integration of short-circuit analysis with protective devices
• Motor starting curves based on motor acceleration studies
• Comprehensive relay interlocks
• User-definable display options
• Graphical time-di:fference calculator
• Fixed point/damage curve modeling
• Graphical printing/plotting
• Comprehensive print functionality, legends, device labeling
• Customizable reports
Seguence of Operation
Not only can you work with the time-current curves with ETAP Star, you can also determine the
operating time ofprotective devices simply by placing a fault on the one-line diagram.
Coordinate via One Line Diagram
• Graphically place a fault anywhere on the one-line diagram
• Automatically detect local zones
of
protection
• Automatically select and define paths for coordination
• Automatically calculate and display the fault current contributions on the one-line diagram
• Determine the operating time and state
of a
protective devices based
on
the actual fault current
contribution flowing through each individual device
• Globally view post fault actions and associated operating time via a tabulated event viewer
• Graphically examine the operation
of
protective <levices via the one-line diagram
ETAP
3-16
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Overview Star System
Drag Drop a Fault
ne
Action Resulting in a Complete Solution
• 3 phase
nd
ground faults
• Display fault currents on the one line diagram
• Illustrate system wide coordination
• Tabulate operating times vi n
event
viewer
• Customizable reports
ETAP
3 17
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview
Underground Raceway Systems
3.6 Underground Raceway Systems (UGS)
ETAP provides graphical Underground Raceway Systems (UGS). Each ETAP project
supports
multiple
views
of
the
underground raceway
systems.
Each view is a conceptual cross-6ection
of
desi red raceways
andheat
sources
that
are
in
the same vicinity.
Presentation
Ba
_e j
[§J
_
G_s1
j[
. ..
Normal
The figure above shows how to access underground raceway systems. Use the underground raceway
system s
Edit
toolbar to
add
raceways
(duct
bank
and
direct
buried), conduits for
duct
bank raceways,
and
locations for
direct
bmied raceways, extemal
heat
somces,
and
cables to the underground raceway
system. From
underground
raceway
systems
presentations,
you
can gmphically ammge raceways,
conduits, cables,
and
extemal
heat
sources to represent cable routing
and
provide a physical environm.ent
to conduct cable
ampacity
derating studies. These studies include cable temperature calculation,
ampacity
optimization, cable sizing, and transient cable
temperature
calculation.
TI
UGSl Edit
mode
• 20 30
40
50
60
llWl
30
]
o o i?., i?., ~
ableB Cabl e6
Cable4
40
QQ o C9
Ca b
2
Cable3
Scea.m Pi
p•
50
<
1
Underground Raceway System
Wben
working
with
the
underground raceway
system
presen1ations,
the
Mode toolbar
changes
as shown
below.
Mode
lf
C1l l
m
ETAP
3-18
ETAP
12 S
User
Guide
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Overview
Underground Raceway Systems
3.6.1 dit Mode
Edit Mode enables you to build your underground raceway system, cbange
system.
configurations, automatically adjust conduit disttibution and spacing, edit engineer:ing
d i t
properties, and save your project This mode allows access to editing features including
drag-and-drop, copy, cut, paste, size elements, as well as the Edit Properties command.
Note: Elements can be added directly to the system from
the
underground raceway system
=
·
Edit toolbar.
3.6.2 Study Mode
The
Study Mode enables you to
create
anel modify solution parameters
(study
cases),
perform steady-state and transient temperature calculations, optimize cable ampacities, size cables, and
view
output reports
and
plots.
Study Toolbar for Underground Cable Raoeway Systems
3.6.3 Features Capabilities
•
Neher McGrath
Method
• IEC 287 Method
• Utiliz.e
custom,
NEC,
or
standard
IEEE
rule-based spacing
• Automatic conduit
anel
disttibution spacing
• Unifonn and non-unifonn conduit arrangements
• Steady-state temperature
• Ampacity optimi7.ation
• Automatic cable zizing
• Transient temperature
• Graphical
user interface
• Graphical manipulation
of
raceways, cables, conduits, etc.
• Drag
drop
cables ftom one-line diagrams
• Cable
of
different sizes in the same raceway
•
Separa.te
phases into different conduits or looations
• Unsymmeti.cal positioning
of
aceways
• Transient calculations use a dynamic thermal circllit model
• Option to : x cable size and/or loading
• Groundedlungrounded shielding
• Calculate
themml.
R, dielecttic tosses, Y e, Ys, etc.
• User-defined armor cables
• Unbalanced load factors
•
Multi.pie duct banb direct
burie<l cables
ETAP
3-19 ETAP 12.S
User
Guide
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Overview Underground Raceway Systems
• Place raceways in multiple cross-sections
lexible Operation
• Multiple raceways
• Multiple extemal heat sources
• Optimization ofnew cables
in
existing raceways
• Utilize rule-book
based
wizard for creating raceways
• Cross-sectional analysis
• Duct banks direct buried raceways
• Integrated with cables in one-line diagrams
• Integrated with load flow results
• Integrated with cable pulling analysis
Plotting
• Transient temperatures calculations based
on
load profile
• Option to display multiple cables simultaneously
• Zoom to any detail level
• Export data to Microsoft Excel
• Line, bar, 3 D, and scatter plots
• Customize text and axes
Reporting
• Flag critica marginal cable temperatures
• Reports all physical calculated data
• Use Crystal Reports for full color, customizable reports
• Export output reports to your favorite word processor
• Graphical display
of
raceway results
ETAP
3-20
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview
Ground Grid
Systems
3.7 Ground Grid
Systems
The safety
of
people who work
and
live around electric power installations is
of
paramount
concem.
The
proper
design
of
a grounding system is
key
to improving safety conditions and protecting
tb.e
tives
of
all
individuals who
are
in close proximity
of
electrical power
systems.
During unbalanced faults, the
ground
potential rise
of
a grounded structure presents a
risk: of
electrocution to anyone
who
comes in contact
witb.
the grounded structure. ETAP provides a three-dimension.al, fully graphical tool tb.at allows for the design
of
a ground grid system. that adheres to IEEE or Finite Element
Metb.od FEM) standards.
y < ?>
,, ..
m
®
®
-4 *
r
f
liJ @
í :
GroundGrid
To begin working
witb. tb.e
ground grid
systems
you must first insert a ground grid on the
one--line
diagram. To do so, cli.ck the Ground Grid button located on tb.e AC Edit toolbar. After choosing tb.e
standard IEEE
or
FEM) you will use for
tb.e
design, you can access
the
Ground Grid Editor
by
double
clicking the ground grid
on
the one-line diagram. To open an existing ground grid view, use the Ground
Grid Systems button ftom the System toolbar.
System
1 · [IJ§ J ~
~ i J ~ q º
t
t
t 1
Click
..... ' . . . . . . . ... round
srid
systrms.
ETAP 3-21 ETAP 12.5
User
<Juide
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Overview Ground Grid Systems
Some
of
he design features
of
he Ground Grid Systems module include:
• Calculation of he safe step and touch potentials for any type ofground grid shape
• Generation
of
three-dimensional graphic pro:files
nd
tabular results from the step and touch
voltage values
• Optimization of he numbers ofparallel ground conductors and rods
• Calculation
ofground
resistance and ground potential rise
• Calculation ofcost ofconductors and rods used
• Inclusionofsoil type and configuration in calculations
;rid2 GRDFEM
Po tl l
ll
u P1úíiJ._.
Ground Grid Systems Plot Sample
When working with a ground grid presentation, the Mode toolbar changes as shown below.
ode ~
L J
~
1
3 7 1 Edit ode
Edit Mode enables you to build your ground grids based on the
IEEE (regular shapes) or FEM (Irregular shapes) standard.
3 7 2
Study Mode
Study Mode enables you to create and modify solutionparameters
(study
cases), perfonn calculations, optimize the
nu mber
of
conductors,
optimize the number ofconductors and rods, and view output reports
andplots.
3 7 3 Features Capabilities
• IEEE 80 Method
• IEEE 665 Method
• Finite Element Method
•
Rod and
conductors in any 3-D direction
ET AP
3-22
F ..
Gr
.
ª1
~
•
D
EDIT and Calculation
Toolbars
ET AP
12 S
User
Guide
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Overview Ground Grid Systems
•
Rod
and conductor optimization
• Two-layer soil configuration
plus
surface material
• Table ofpotentials at the earth surface
• Externa boundary extensions
• Handle irregular configurations
ofany
shape
• V ariable weight
and
temperature options
• Compare allowable currents against fault currents
• User-expandable conductor library
• Ground
grid
configurations showing conductor
and
rod plots
Flexible Operation
• Automatically use short-circuit results
• Optimize number
of
conductors with fixed rods
• Optimize number
of
conductors
and
rods
based
on
cost
• Check
the
allowable current for grid conductors
Standards Methods
• IEEE: 80-1986, 80-2000, 665-1995
• Finite Element
Calcula
• Reflection factor
K.)
• Decrement factor
(Df)
• Ground potential rise (GPR)
• Ground system resistance (Rg)
• Surface layer derating factor (Cs)
• Compare potentials to tolerable limits
• Step, touch, and absolute potentials inside and outside grid
Plot Options
• Rotation animation
• Rotation increment (-15 to 15 degrees)
• Rotation detail - wire frame/plotting style/full detail
• Viewing style - color/monochrome
• Shading style - white/color
• Font size - small/medium/large
• Numeric precision -
O,
1, 2 3 decimals
• Grid lines - no grid, X and/or Y axes
• Plotting method - wire frame/surface/surfacewith frame/surface with contouring/pixels
•
Show
bounding box - while rotating always/never
•
2-D contour
•
Off
• Color Lines on top/bottom
ETAP
3-23
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview Ground Grid Systems
Plottingll eporting
• 3-D touch potential plots
• 3-D step potential plots
• 3-D absolute voltage plots
•
olar
coded cantour plots
• Graphical display
of
overlimit valtages
• Conductor segments ariented n any 3-D direction
• Output results n Microsoft Access databases format
• Use Crystal Reports for fu 11 color customizable reports
• Export output reports
to
your favorite word processar
ETAP
3-24
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview
Panei Systems
3.8 Panei Systems
ETAP
allows
you
to
model the eledrical paneis
used
in
eleçlrical
power
systems
directly
on
the one-line
diagram. lhe number ofpaneis that can be representeei is unlimited, since ETAP supports the nesting of
paneis. Therefore, a panei can be connected to a sub-panei, and in tum, a sub-panei can be connected
to
yet another downstteam panei elsewhere in the cirwi.t.
Eadi
panei can be modeled
as
either a 3-phase ora
single-phase panel. lhe 3-phase paneis can be either 3-wire or 4-wire configurations, wbile single-phase
paneis cau. be 2-wire or 3-wire configurations. Jntemally. each pane is comprised of protecti.ve devices
and a colleçti.on of
cirwi.ts
that supply system loads.
f
0
®
@®
< >
@]'}'
f
l l
@
i
Panei Systems
Paneis
are
added
to
the
one-line
diagram
by clicking
the
Panei
Systems
button located
on the C Edit
toolbar,
and
placing the panei anywhere on the one-line diagram. Once added
to
the diagram, double
cliclàng the panei symbol wil1 open the Panei Editor. and allow for panei
and
circuit information to be
specified. The user can
customi7.e
useful information such as panei
ID
phase
connectio.ns.
panel rating,
number of
cirwi.ts
cireuit schedule, and load summary.
ETAP
3-25
ETAP
12.SUser
Guide
8/16/2019 ETAP 12.6 - Tutorial para o programa
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Ovemew
Wo
1- - . . 1- i c . - - , e . . ; . , Lo..i l
lc
1
1 OkV
DA
Wo
10 iW
o...r,..
1
-. . .
· I
pi,.,. -
@
ABC
0 CBA
3.8.1 Features Capabilities
• Pancl design and anal.ysis
• 1-Phase and 3-Phase
• ANSI and
IBC
standards
• NEC 1oad
ctors
• lntelligent
panei
calculationa
• .Automatic update ofupstlftmpancls
• 3-Phase3-Wire
• 3-Phaae 4-Wire
• 1-Phase2-Wire
• 1-Phase 3-Wire
• Column and standard layouts
• Unlimited b.ranch c:irçuits
• Unlimited sub-panelconncc:tiona
• tema1network
repnaentation
• Internai spreadsheet) loed modeling
• lntelligent
panel
calcula1ions
• Detailed pancl loading ll1llllDllllY
BTAP
3-26
Comeàion
®
3-fh se
1
•
Õ l.fhose
Panei
Svstems
· I
• Dynamic panel schedule
updates
• Continuous
and
non-continuous loed
calculationa
lmble
Operation
• Divene
opml1iDg conditicms
• Multiple loading categories
• Multiple
demand fiLcton
• Unlimited configuratlons
• Different nameplatedata
• Global and individual bus
1oad
divemity
factors
Studv Ootion1
• Ten loading categories
per cin:uit
• User-definable load
types
and
factors
ETAP 12.S
Uss
Ouido
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Overview
Libraries
• Extensive protection
and
control device
libraries
• Comprehensive feeder
and cable
libraries
• Custornizable libraries
• User con:figurable defaults and layouts
Panei ode Factors
• NEC
load
demand factors
• Custornizable multiplying factors
Reporting
• Custornizable panei schedules n Crystal
Reports
fonnat
• Comprehensive load summary for panei
sizing
• Custornizable reports for branching
circuit evaluation
• Export one line diagrams with results to
third party C D systems
ETAP
3 27
Panei Systems
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview Cable Pulling Systems
3.9 Cable Polling Systems
The accurate precliction
of
cable pulling force is essential for
the
design
of
underground
cable
systems.
This b.owledge makes it
posSJble
to avoid overly conservative design practices and to achieve substantial
capital savings
during
construction.
ETAP Cable Pulling Systems is used to detemllne 1he forward tension, reverse tcmsions and sidewall
pressmes
a
cable is subjected
to
when
pulled througb conduits. The
module
can account
or cables o
different sius
and permits
complex pulling path geometry.
A
point-by-point
cakulation method is
performed at every conduit bend anel pull point. Both the
forward
anel reverse pulling tensions are
calculated
or
determining th preferred direction ofpull.
To begin
worlc:ing
with Cable
Pulling
Systems, click
the
Cable Pulling Systems button on
the
System
toolbar.
System
lê
1
.fk [IJ§I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ T T
-L
Click here to acc:ess CablePul ing Systems
Once created, doubl.o-cl.ick: the cable pulling CP) symbol to access the CP presentati.on. The CP
presentation
is
divided into
three
different views:
the
schematic configuration view, conduit cross-section
view, and 3-D pulling path
vi.ew.
The conduit cross-section
view
is
primarily to
edit the properties of he
cables
and
the
conduit
which the cables
will
be pulled into .The 3-D
pulling
path view applies
only
to the
t.bree-dimensional display of pulling path geometry. The CP presentation allows you to graphically
ammge cables, segments,
and
bends,
to
provide a physical environment to conduct cable
pulling
design
studies.
BTAP
3-28
ETAP 12.SUser
Guide
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CableP dtine
Sutem•
-
t..
\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
-·-
roe I<>
ro< l i
_
rr í iiO
r;;o
r>2
r s
,..
""
r i o 17 ro
"'
.
r ; r
rr
IO
,,,_,
ísi1
[ « 1
ro<»
JtU
_
ro r.r ro ro
3
3 3 3
Ten
lbll
'
.--
.-- .--
.- . .
' 'r-'
.-
.--
.-- .--
.--
·-
.- .-
.--
.--
'
3.9.1
Featare1
and
Capabilltles
• Jm:egrated
wiih
one-lille
diagram cable11
• Jm:egrated
wiih1111dap>rmd.ncewaya
eable1
• Pall
lllllltiple c:abJa
• Allow
my
pull
geometry
• FaliBTAP
cable
libnay
imegration
• Di11play 3-Dpnlliq
path
geomell'y
• Provide
Nduction
f.actDrl for calcalating
allowable tenaion
when
pu1ling lllllltiple eables
• Evalwlte possible cmM uitjamming
• Allow
segnwits to
haw
non-zeio alapes aa well u horimntal bends (Dmi>lwr aegmon S)
• Accoant
for
tho
eqaivalelll
temion for cablel
palled
flom
reel1
• Provide
tolenmce for cablo
weigbls
8lUl
outlidediametcn
• Sa
11
••
14
•
1
y and
al. t
windows
Flmble OneraUon
• Clleulllc:
Corwani pulliDg kmioDa
• Clleulllc:
pulliDg
telllliOllB
all
bcnd
poiDll
•
C1lr.nlw the-imnm
1enaion
limitcdby aidewall
pn:asun:11
•
Caleulllc: the-imnm allowlblc
pulling tcnBion
• Cwnpare lhe maidmum tcnBion
limitúiona
apin&ttbccakulalW
pulling
tmeion1
BTAP BTAP
1
2.S
UHrGuldo
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Overview able Pulling Systems
• Calculate the conduit percent fill
• Calculate the total lengtb. of
run
pull)
• Cradled and triangular cable configurations
Reporting
• Fundamental cable pulling results
• Flag cable tensions
that
exceed limits
• Flag conduit percent fill limits
• Flag non-conforming
NE
code requirements
• Graphical display of cable pulling results
• Report sidewall tension, forward pull, and reverse pull including violation flags
• Use Crystal Reports for full color, customizable reports
• Export output reports to your favorite word processar
• Pulling schematic showing segment
and bend
plots
• Conduit cross-section showing conduit and cable plots
ETAP
3-30
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview
3.10 Real-Time Systems (PSMS)
BTAP
Real-Time
(PSMS)
is
an
intelligent
~ b e d
energy
management software application that nma as an
operatar worbudion to monitor, cmdrol, and optimjze the
operation
of
y01D' power ystcm. While mcmitming your
system. the worbtalion
can
simultaneously bc \1Sed
to
performWl1 speçtrum power system analyses on
real-time
data.
BTAP Real-Timc'a unique c:ombination ofsupcrvismy 8lld
simulati.on çapabilitíea provida a powerful new sct of
managemcnt tools for mo.rc efi'ec:tive opemtion of your
power system. ETAP Real-Timtl simulation capehilities
also
provi :
an
envimnment for
opcntor training
and
asaistance. Compareci to 11'11ditional training methodl,
operator
1DÍllÍJ1g
is
accclaated
and bccomcs an cmgoing
process.
Real-Time Systems
BTAP Real-Time
is
an CldeDaion
to
BTAP
power
system analysis
software..
y
c:ombining
Windows client-eerver modular architcc:ture with state-of-1flti.ct remote monitoring, ainmlatm, and
supervilory
c:ontrol
1pplic:aliOD1, Real-Time c:an interfiu:e
with
any c:ombination of c:omputer
womudicms, data
storage
devic:es (historiam), IBDs, and o1IM:r SCADA systmis.
BTAP Real-Timo cmables you
to
connec;t your eidsting power system
to
your ETAP
modo ;
c:ollec:t,
monitor, and log tive data; set alarms;
sirm1late
syatem
rcsponse9;
execute control actions; nm
What
if
lllwliea;
anel
view output
reporlll
and
plo111.
While Real-Time monitors
anã
mamins logs
iD
tbc background, you c:an simnlate load
:O.ow short-
c:imlit. motor startin& 118mient stability,
optima1
power :0.ow,
or
operation of
he
system with chda
1hat
reOccts tbc current status and loading of lhe system. Previously stored system configuration data
and
loading can also beU8ed for aimulations.
You ac:cess the BTAP
Real-Time
System on the Systmatoolbar as shown iDthe cmmple below.
System
1 'íl§ [IJ§I
~
fmP o ~ ~ t t
~
aid<
...
BTAP 1---
When.
wOlting with
BTAP Real-Time Systems,
the
toolbar
changes to
allow
acc:ess to the
following Real.
Time c:apabilities:
•
Advance
Monitorli g
• Real-Time Sim11latfon
• Event Playback
• On-Line Control
HTAP 3-31 HTAP 12.SUserGuido
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Overview Real Time Systems
• Advisory and Supervisory Control
• Intelligent Load Shedding
3.10.1 Advanced Monitoring
Click the On-Line Monitoring button
on
the Real-Time toolbar to
put
the active one-line diagram
presentation) into on-line monitoring mode. ETAP acquires real-time data from the electrical system via
the monitoring devices while
in
monitoring mode, processes the data using State Estimator and Load
Distributor), resets the alarms, stores ali parameters, and then graphically displays the data
on
the one-line
diagram.
Advanced Monitoring provides intuitive, intelligent, and integrated real-time monitoring via a state-of
the-art graphical user interface. Monitoring functions include checking the condition of the network,
estimating nússing system states, detecting network abnormalities, and initiating alarms based on
operating conditions and status changes.
Features and Capabilities
• Continuous real-time monitoring
• On demand data retrieval
• State estimator and load distributor
• Data reconciliation and consistency check
• ad data detection and correction
• Alarm management and processing
• Energy cost monitoring
• Multi-console
and
multi-screen monitoring
• Multi-state breaker monitoring
• Graphical monitoring via intelligent one-line diagrams
• Visual monitoring via watch windows MMI)
• Dynanúc coloring ofde-energized and overload elements
• Archived historical) data retrieval and display
• Pseudo measurements override measured data)
• OPC interface layer
• Message logging
• User-definable scan rates
• User-access leveis
Energy Usage and Cost Analysis
• Predict system-wide energy usage and cost
• User-definable cost functions and heat rates
• Track energy related costs
• Cost of energy calculations
ETAP
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Overview Real Time Systems
State Estimator
• Extended estimations
of
non-observable sub-systems
• Rule-based comparison ofmeasured vs. estimated values
• Dependable and fast convergence solution
• Minimum system measurements requirement
• State-of-the-art estimation techniques
• Data consistency checking
• Bad data and error detection
• Load distribution
Alarms Warnings
• Annunciate local
and
system-wide alarms
and
wamings
based on
equipment ratings
• Alarm priority setting and event triggering
• Annunciate out-of-range measurements
• Graphical, tabulated,
nd
audible annunciation
• Predict abnormal conditions and criticai failures
3.10.2 Real Time Simulation
ETAP Real-Time Simulation is a powerful analysis tool that allows for prediction of system behavior in
response
to
actions and events via the use of real-time and archived data. Virtual testing of operator
actions prior
to
implementation can reveal potential problems, hence reducing human errors and
the
risk
of
service interruptions. ETAP Real-Time Simulation assists operators, engineers,
and
planners to make
informed and logical decisions to reduce operating costs and improve sys tem reliability.
Features and Capabilities
• Real-time simulation
• Predict system behavior
• Perform What
Ir
operating scenarios
• Simulate archived oflline data
• Built-in training tool for engineers and operators
• Full spectrumAC andDC analysis modules
• Emulate response ofprotective devices
• Evaluate protection and control systems
• Get online data
on
demand
• Retrieve archived data for system analysis
• One-touch simulation
• Graphical display of simulation results
• Intelligent interactive graphical user interface
• Operator friendly interface
• Online simulation alerts
• Customizable reports via Crystal Reports
• Integrated database with
ETAP
ETAP
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Overview Real Time Systems
• Automatic scenario simulation using project wizard
• Power analysis techniques
3.10.3 Event Playback
On
the Real-Time toolbar, click the Playback button to put the active one-line diagram (presentation) into
playback mode. Once in Playback Mode, ETAP Real-Time retrieves data from the historian and displays
it
on
the one-line diagram.
The Event Playback Mode provides seamless retrieval of data from the ETAP Real-Time Playback
Historian for any events from any ETAP Real-Time Console. ETAP Real-Time can be configured to
provide a complete picture of the electrical system from the stored data. This includes playback of a
previously recorded monitored data, calculated system parameters, sequence of events, and message log.
The
Event Playback feature is especially useful for root cause and effect investigations, improvement
of
system operations, exploration of alternative actions, and replay of What ir scenarios. ETAP Real-Time
Event Playback capabilities translate into reduction of maintenance costs and prevention of costly
shutdowns.
The system operator can control playbacks
to
re-run at original or accelerated speeds, single-step, fast
forward, or
rewind through the message log. Playback resolution is operator controlled
and
determined by
the scan rate of field devices. Since full simulation capabilities are available to the system operator at any
point during the replay, the operator can explore the effects of alternative actions at any point of recorded
data.
Additionally, the event log can
be
synchronized and displayed while the playback is in progress. This
allows the operator
to
precisely determine,
at
a specific time, what events were occurring
in
the power
system, what was being reported
to the operator, and what operator action resulted, if any.
The playback data is stored in an ODBC/SQL database as a binary stream and can be transferred to any
user wi th the appropriate authorization and software. Stored information can be accessed from any ETAP
Real-Time Console. There is no requirement that the Playback Console
be
online or connected with
ETAP Real-Time Server.
Features and Capabilities
• Replay archived data
at
different speeds
• hnprove operator knowledge
• hnprove system operation
• Investigate cause and effect
• Explore alternative actions
• Replay What ir scenarios
• Playback ofevent views
• Historical alarm database
ETAP
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Overview Real Time Systems
3.10.4 On Line Control
This mode allows the user to open
or
close circuit breakers and receive status confirmations.
ETAP Online Control Mode gives the operator full remote access over system elements such as motors,
generators, break.ers, and other switching devices. Subsystems that operate independently within the load
area under ET
P
Online Control will need device coordination through either hardware or software
interlocks with the ETAP Real-Time Server to ensure safety and stable operations.
Automation
ETAP Real-Time provides user-definable actions that can
be
added
or
superimposed
on
the existing
system for automating system control. This is like adding PC-based processors/controllers kV, kW, kvar,
PF, etc.) or sim.pie breaker interlocks to any part ofthe system
by
means ofthe software.
3.10.5 Automatic Generation Control
ETAP Real-Time offers a range
of
state-of-the-art control and real-time optimization capabilities for your
electrical power system. ETAP Real-Time optimization algorithms assist energy consumers to
automatically operate their system and minimize system tosses, reduce peak load consumption, or
minimize control adjustment. For energy producers ETAP Real-Time can minimize generation fuel cost,
optimize system operation, optirnize power exchange, or maximize system security.
ETAP Real-Time can dynamically manage your system to respond to disturbances faster than standard
hardware time-delay operations. The appropriate system response can be determined for a variety
of
changes and disturbances by using electrical and physical parameters, loading and generation leveis,
network topology, and control logic.
n
addition, ETAP Real-Time can determine the source
of
a potential
problem and advise on corrective actions to avoid interruption.
The optimization
of
a power system through the utilization
of
available controls including:
•
Voltage/var Control
•
MWControl
•
Transformer LTC Control
•
Multi-State Breaker Control
•
Shunt Compensation Control
•
Series Compensation Control
•
Switching Capacitor Control
•
Load Shed Control
Furthermore, the appropriate application
of
ET AP Real-Time leads
to
a more reliable and economical
operation, while maintaining system voltages and equipment loading within the required range and
constraints. ETAP Real-Time provides intelligent load flow solutions to minimize system operating costs
and maximize system performance. ETAP Real-Time maximizes the value ofyour energy investment.
ETAP Real-Time pays for itself through an immediate realization
of
savings
in
operating and
maintenance costs.
• Reduce kWh Costs
• Reduce Peak kWh Costs
ETAP
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Overview Real-Time Systems
• Reduce kvar/Power Factor Penalties
• Increase Equipment Life Time
• Increase System Capacity
ETAP Real-Time allows you to monitor, analyze control, coordinate, and predict
load/generation
demands, real-time costs, and other system parameters while maintaming proper reliability levels
throughout the
system.
Supervisory Control mode provides automatic implementation of recommended settings to acbieve
continuous optimum system operation.
Advisory
Control mode allows the systems operator to implement
the ETAP Real-Time recommendations.
Features and Capabilities
•
R.eplay
archived
data
at
different speeds
• Advisory and/or automatic control
• Shared decision rnakingprocess
• Chain of
logic controls and action validations
• Steady-state optimiution control
• Energy cost assessment
• Online control and automation
3.10.6 Intelligent oad Shedding
The
Intelligent
Load
Shedding ILS)
uses
a
neural
network
to
dynamically
detennine the
best load
shedding priority.
The
decision is
made
based
on the actual
operating
condition
of
he
systemand location
of the disturbance. ILS provides faster execution of load shedding. as compared to conventional
frequency relays thus
further
reducing the load reliefrequirements.
ET.AP
Real·
Time
Data
Generation, Loading ,
Configuration,
LTC Posit
io
n
Dynamic Load
....... N . ~ r i o r i t y I N ~
'T
Ta ble _ .
;
lndividtii I Load
Priority Table
(Time-lnvariant)
(Time-Varying)
Sys tem
Dis turbances
3-36
PLC
Circ
ui t
Bre
ake
rs
N I ~
l i ~
ET.AP
12
.S
UserGuide
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Overview Real Time Systems
Features and Capabilities
• Fast and reliable response
• System islanding generator logic
• VFD load reduction control
• Automatic generation of transient study cases
• Optimize load preservation
• Reduce downtime for criticai loads
• Training
of
neural network
• User-defined load priority tables LPT)
• Load shedding scheme redundancy with back-up contingencies
• Redundancy with backup contingencies
• Simulate various disturbances and display the results
• Robust calculation methods
Fast Corrective Control Based on a Neural Network
The load shedding operation ofETAP Real-Time is based on maintaining system stability transient and
steady-state) with minimum load shed. Load shedding can be initiated by under frequency, over
frequency, circuit breaker status, reverse power, ground current, etc. n response to electrical or
mechanical disturbances
in
the system, load shedding will commence based on a user-defined Load
Priority Table
LPn
and a pre-constructed Stability Knowledge Base SKB). SKB is constructed from a
number
of
ransient stability studies for determining the stability limits
of
he system.
ETAP
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Overview
3 11 GIS Systems
The ETAP graphical user interface
integrates
GIS
data
and
maps
The GIS Data Bxchange module enables you t visualize OIS maps
and ~ m a p s as well as utilize
the
associated data t nm power
system simulations.
This sophisticated
data exchange module always beps b e
latest GIS
data within ETAP thereby providing consistent and viable results.
ET P automatically updates tb e
GIS
database with analysis results
ensuring that the
most current
mformation is available for aI1 users.
3 11 1 Features and Capabilities
• View GIS maps in ET P
• Display analysis results on
GIS
map
• Synchroni7 e OIS data
t BT
AP projects
•
UI database
mapping
• View modifications and accept/reject actions
•
Use GIS
map 1ools
• Map attributes
of
GIS
1o
ETAP elements
• Consistency checb for data
synchronization
• Database mapping via a graphic user interface
• Display unlimited
GIS
presentations
• Perform add modify ar detete actions far data synchronization
• View modifications and accept/reject actions via graphical user interface
•
Use
map tools - zoom in zoom out full extent pan etc.
•
Full
control
of
analysis results displayed
on
the GIS map
ETAP
3-38
GISSystems
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Overview
Control ystems
3 12 Control Systems
ETAP seamlessly
integrates
the analysis
of
power
and
control cirouits
within
one electrical analysis
program. The Con1rol System. Diagram CSD) simulates the sequ.ence-of-operation of control
devices
such as solenoids, relays, cont.rolled contacts multi-sequence contacts
and
actuators including inrush
conditions. CSD has
the
capability o detennining pickup
and
dropout volmges, tosses,
and
current flows
at
any time
instance as well as overall margjnal
and
cri.tical alerts. A
1.arge
hõrary
ofequipment
enables
engineers to quickly model and simulate the action ofrelays associated witb. control
interlocb
after given
time delays.
Fuse12
125 Vdc
Stop
Ct3
Ct6
C12 2
W21
Start
C12 1 W34
C
t5
1
N
::
Devl
N
.-1
W56
C12
Fuse22
Click here
to
access Control Systems
Diagram CSD)
3 12 1 Features and Capabilities
• Simulation-of-operation sequence
• Pickup
and
dropout volmge calculation
• Automatic alerts
•
Burden and inmshmodes
• Cont.rolled contacts
• Jntegrated
witb.
battery discharge calculation
• Detailed representation ofcontrol systems
• S ~ b y s t e p
simulation
of con1rol system.
operation sequence
ETAP
3-39
ETAP 12.
SUser
Guide
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Overview ontrol Systems
• Simulation of ogic interlocks between controlling devices and contacts
• Calculation of device operating voltage and current
• Modeling of device burden and inrush modes
• Alert violations for operating voltage, current,
and
voltage pickup
• Built-in logic between control devices and contacts
• Multiple sources to a control system
• User's selectable modeling ofprotective device and contact resistance
• CoiVsolenoid resistance temperature adjustment
• Cable/wire length adjustment
• Battery discharge calculation using sequence-of-operation control diagrams
Study ases
• Saves solution control parameters for each scenario
• Make changes to your system
and
re-run studies instantly
• Conduct unlimited what if studies within one database
• Option to update initial conditions, voltage profiles, and duty cycles
Elements
• Extensive libraries
• Control relay
• Coil
• Solenoid
• Light
• Generic load
• Wire
• Fuse
• Circuit breaker
• Single-throw and double-throw controlled contacts
• Single-throw and double-throw switches
• Macro-controlled contacts
Display Opüons
• Dynamically adjust
the
display ofcalculation results
• Customize display
of
device names
and
ratings
• Customize display of equipment impedance
• Customize font types, sizes, styles, and colors
• Customize display ofvoltage drop calculation results directly on the one-line diagram
Reporting
• Customize output reports using Crystal Reports
• Generate output reports in any language
• Voltage drops, losses, power tl.ows, etc.
• Sequence-of-operation action summary log
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Overview ontrol Systems
• Input data detailed voltage drop nd summaries
• Flag device pick.up/dropout voltage violations
• Flag element current violations
• State-of-the-art graphic display
of
results
• Export outputs
to
your favorite word processing program
• Export one-line diagrams including results to third party CAD systems
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Overview
UDM Graphical Editor
3.13 User Defined Dynamic Model Graphical Editor
The ETAP User-Defined Dynamic Models
(UDM)
program
is graphical logic editor (GLE)
an
inteipi:eter
tool which allows the creation
of
user-defined governar, exciter, and Power System Stabilizer (PSS)
models for syncbronous machines, generic load and wind turbine generator models. This module allows
the models to be linked to ETAP's transient stability
program
The models can
be
built in the ETAP
UDM
Graphical Logic Editor or can be
i mported
from Matlab Simn ink files. ETAP uses these dynamic
models at run time when conducting Trausient Stability Studies.
This tool has been extmnely enhanced
and is now fully integrated into ETAP to allow the creation ofdynamic models without the need to buy
additional Matlab Simulink: software.
-
1 .
8
[IJêl * O gj ç Q t t
't
Cliok
l i= to. . . . .
tbo UDM Clapbical
llditur. 1
The main
applicati on
of
he UDM module is to model dynamic control elements which are not part of he
standard ETAP dynamic model hõrary.
This chapter covers 1he scope of he application of
b e
UDM
Oraphical
Logic Editor and how
it
is used to
create the following types
of
control / dynamic models:
1 Synchronous Motors Exciter
I
VR models
2. Synchronous Generator Exciter I VR models
3
Synchronous Generator Turbine, Engine Speed Control modela
4. Syncbronous Generator PSS (Power System Stabilizer) models
S
Wind Turbine Generator Models
6 Generic Load Models (Lumped Load Element Dynamic Models)
Accessing the UDM Interface
There are two ways to access
tb e UDM
Editor. The first method is from the system toolbar. A new Icon is
added at that location. The second method to access the UDM Editor is :from the synchronous generator
editor individual pages (Govemor, Exciter PSS pages), syncbronous motor exciter page, dynamic page
of the lumped load editor and the lnfo page of
1he
wind turbine generator editor. Please note that the
model type is inherited from the editor from which the
UDM
GLE interface was accessed.
Hyou open the UDM Editor from the Individual Editors:
f
he UDM Editor is opened from the syncbronous generator, syncbronous motor, lumped load or wind
turbine editor, any content
1hat
is not related to
tb e
individual element is tiltered out. This means
that
only
the models created specifically for the gi ven machine will be listed in the model selection drop list. f
there is no model created, then
tb e
UDM model selection drop list is blank. Clicking on the UDM Editor
Button
opens tb e
UDM GLE Interface. At this time, a new model can be created When
tb e
model is
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Overview
U M
Graphical Editor
saved, it will be associated
it
with the element :from. which the editor was accessed. The model can be
associated with other elements r added to the model library later on i f equired.
Once the UDM
editor
is
opened
from the generator element, the default
directory
for
the file save and
open is the current project directory.
The following
i mage
illustrates the process of
opening
a UDM model for the first time from the generator
editor:
7.
5MW
y \1
Oen
Sub2B
13.8 kV
P S ~ H--.e.
AilWIMT
r.-c.o.
A a
e _
'° .._
RIM;
e.....,. ~ o d e l
~
( ds
J
l 1 uw 75
WW
S 9
..... __
_
Dorli .1. • a.
°
º
-
'-">• "-;. • • •
tl
•
<' ll l 'o,Q
• .. .. :
111
. \. \oa l••• a
~ ~ •
. . > '
~ ~ · · -
._
t
8
o
(:J
o
i l
" 8
:--
e e
o .,.. :::-
º o o
O O ID
"
-
~
On.ce the model
is
saved the model will be linked to the element
for
which itwas created
usin.g
the
following naming convention
<Element
ID>
_ <Type>_ <Model Name>.
More
on the
naming convention
is
presenting under
the
file saving section
of
his chapter.
If you open the U M Editor from the System Toolbar:
Opening the UDM Editor from the system toolbar allows you to modify ali model files including the ones
in the current
project
directory or the ones from the library. The
program
file open and file save directory
are defaulted to
the
UDM library directory (\\ETAP Installation Directory\UDM). However,
it
is possible
to save and link to an element as longas the model is saved in tbe project directory with the proper
naming convention. I f his is clone the mod.el would
be
linked exclusively
to
an
elem.ent and can
be
accessed
from
the elcment itself.
Please refer to Chapter 25: User De fine d Dynamic Models or additional information
3.13.1 Features and Capabilities
• Graphical model builder
• Library ofpre-defined
UDM
models
•
Customi7.C
existing UDM mod.els
• Create more complex UDM mod.els using libraryprc-defined UDM models
• Compile
and test
directly
from
UDM builder
• Wide variety ofblocks for building models
• Control element toolbars including transfer blocks, input ports, output ports, etc.
• Import and export SimuHnk models
ET.AP 3-43 ET.AP
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.S User
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Overview U M Graphical ditor
• Automatic U M
links
t components
• Create and edit models for Exciter Govemor Power System Stabilizer and Lumped Load
• Various model testing methods
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Overview
System Dumpster
3.14 System Dumpster
The
System
Dumpster consista
of
a number
of
cells that contaín elements that you have deleted or copied
from the one-line diagram or underground raceway systems. When you initially cut an element or group
of elements from the one-line diagram or an underground raceway system, ETAP places these in a
dumpster cell. These cells are kept within the System Dumpster wnil you explicitly purge tbem When a
cell is purged from
the
System Dumpster,
BTAP
automatically detetes all elements in
the
cell from the
project s database. While an element or groups
ofelements are iDside a dumpster cell, you may move
or
paste copies of the contents of the cell back into the one-line diagram or undergromid raceway system.
Therefore, the System Dumpster provides a convenient holding location for elements while you are
actively constru cting a one-line diagram or an lJllderground raceway system. The System Dumpster
presentation can be accessed using the System toolbar or the Project
View
System
1
~
~
~
~
\ _
C fu:k .
h r_ : _ac_Qes_s_th_e_S_ystem
ump
_ter_.
[ ]
Dumpster
ID
Ty
pe
SubOLl Sub
One line
System
Pn l
P h ~
WTG1
OMW
(o
o
What Bappens to IDs When Elements are Copied
or Cut
into the System Dumpster?
• Elements that are copied into the System Dumpster using the Copy
command will
have new IDs.
• Elements that are copied into the System Dumpster using the
Cut
command
will
retain their original
IDs.
• IDs
of
he elements purged
from
the System Dumpster are reusable.
What
Happens
to
IDs when Elements
are
Pasted
or
Moved. from
the
System Dumpster?
• Elements that are cut and pasted from the SystemDumpster will have new IDs.
• Elements that are moved from
the
System Dumpster will retain their original IDs.
ETAP 3 45 ETAP 12 S User
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Overview System Dumpster
Purging Elements from a Project
• When you purge a dumpster cell, elements within that cell are removed from the project database
completely and pennanently.
• All the dumpster cells entries) may
be
removed from the project using the Purge All command.
Editing Within the System Dumpster
• You cannot copy, size, rotate, or change symbols
of
elements inside the System Dumpster.
• Elementsmay
be
relocated inside the System Dumpster.
• You can hide or show protective devices PDs) inside the System Dumpster.
• Status
of
PDs and loads cannot be changed inside the System Dumpster.
• Navigators within the editors are not functional for elements in the System Dumpster.
• Elements cannot be reconnected inside the System Dumpster.
ontrolled Dumpster
The Controlled Dumpster is a mechanism for locking infonnation into the System Dumpster and is used
only when the ETAP project is password-enabled.
When ET AP cuts any elements from an underground raceway system UGS) or a one-line diagram, the
dumpster cell to which the elements are assigned is designated as a controlled dumpster cell, unless the
element is newly created and has never been seen
by
the checker. When the dumpster cell is designated as
a controlled dumpster, the designation has no meaning unless the project is password-enabled.
Two INI file entries bave been added to override the option
of
not making a cell a controlled cell when
the elements being
cut
and pasted into the System Dumpster are newly created:
[Etap PowerStation]
Relax UGS Dumpster Controls= 1
Relax OLD Dumpster Controls=1
The default for both entries is 1 which does not allow the cell to become controlled if the element is
newly created. f you change the entry to O the cells become controlled if the elements you cut and paste
into them are newly created.
When passwords are enabled, the Controlled Dumpster is treated as a special entity with the following
attributes:
1.
The controlled dumpster is displayed as a Controlled Dumpster by displaying the designation C) or
CC) as part
of
its title in the System Dumpster list window.
• The designation C Controlled Dumpster cell) is used to indicate that this is a controlled dumpster
cell that is not check.ed. These cells cannot be purged until they are checked.
• The designation CC check.ed Controlled Dumpster cell) is used to indicate tbat this is a
controlled dumpster cell that bas been checked. A user with Project or Base editor permissions
can purge these cells.
2. The background color of a C) Controlled Dumpster cell is set by Options Preferences) command
line Controlled Dumpster Background Color UGS Elements) or One-Line Elements). The
TAP 3-46 ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview System umpster
background is colored only when the project setting has Project/Options/Display Changed Data n red
selected
or
the project user is a checker.
3. When moving a cell from a Controlled Dumpster cell to the one-line diagram
or
UGS, two behaviors
are exhibited:
•
f
he Controlled Dumpster cell is a (C) dumpster, the elements are moved
as
normal. That is, no
special action is
tak:en
to flag elements as checked or unchecked.) The dumpster cell is then
destroyed
as
normal.
• f
the Controlled Dumpster cell is a (CC) dumpster, the elements are moved as normal but, n
addition, all property values are forced irty and are flagged
as
unchecked ( displayed n red in the
editors). This is the sarne as placing a
new
element
on
the one-line diagram
or
UGS. The
dumpster cell is then destroyed
as
normal.
4. When
in
Checker Mode, the Controlled Dumpster cells appear
in
the checker s list and can
e
checked like any other element. The act
of
checking a Controlled Dumpster changes its designation
from (C) to (CC). This also sets the dumpster background color to normal.
5
A Project Editor (or Base Editor) cannot purge a Controlled Dumpster with the designation (C). The
Project Editor can purge a Controlled Dumpster with the designation (CC). The checker must check a
Controlled Dumpster cell before it can e purged.
ETAP 3-47 ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview
3.15 Library
ETAP
provides the library structure for the
following circuit elements: cable, cable
tire
protection coating, stop, wrap), transmission
line ground wire, phase , control system
devices button, coil, contact, and solenoid),
motor nameplate, model, characteristic,
and
load), low voltage circuit breaker, high voltage
circuit break:er, fuse, relay, trip devices electro
mechanical,
motor
circuit protector, solid state,
thermal m.agnetic), overload heater, harm.onic
sources,
load
interruption cost, device reliability,
solar panei, wind turbine generator, and battery.
ETAP
Cable..
Cable Fire Protection
Transm ission Line
Motor Nameplate .
Motor
CKT
Model
Motor Characteristic Model. .
Motor Load Model ..
Fu
se
Relay .
Recloser ..
Eectronic Controller ..
HV Circuit Breake
r
.
LV Circuit Breaker ..
Trip Device
Overload Heater ..
Harmonic
Inte
rrupt
ion
Cost
Reliabi lity
L
oad
Profile
Pattern ..
Battery ..
Contrai ystem Device
Photovoltaic. .
Wind Turbine
Open
ave
ave As .
3-48
Librarv
The ET
AP
library file
is
named
ETAPLIB1250.LIB
and
is located in the Lib
folder. Using Library Quick Pick
you
can
view
and
retrieve library data
from.
the
element editors
in your project.
To edit or add
library
data, double-click the
Libraries folder in Project View to expand the
folder.
Then
double-click
the
library
of your
choice to open its editor. From a library editor
you can
add, edit, copy, and delete library data.
You can also access and edit library data from
the
Library
menu in the menu
bar.
You can
create an unlimited nwnber
of
library headers
and
data entries for each library.
Unil
Sys
t
em Con
ductor T pe kV
Clas
s
1English v 1
l
eu
vi
1.0 100 1
F1equency 1
s:l
allal
ion
2.0
100-
5.0 100
E=:El
1
Mag
vi
5.0
Edit
Prope1ti
es
Bas
e lnfo
Unit S_ystem
Sou
1ce N
ame
1
Eng
lish v 1 l
lCE
A
Frequenc_y lnstallation
1Magn
etic
vi
U/G Ampac
it_y
A/G Ampacit
y
Ta
Ta
E:::J·c
Te Te
R
HO
~
l I
Source lnsu
latio::i
n tt/Cable
Ili
mij ia j f jM ..1
ICE
A Rubber 2 1/C
EC
RHH 1 C
NEC
RHW 1 C
NEC
Rubbe
r
3/C
v1
Size
AWG/kcm
il
@
Avail_
Sizes
Ü AUSizes
Cond
uctor
T_ype
1
C
oppe<
vi
tt /Cable
~
Unit L
eng
th
~
Resistance
Ba
se T
emp
8
6
1
4
-
2
1
110
v ,
ln
sula
t
io
n
T
_ype
1
R
ubber
vi
kV
~
Class
~
[
OK JI
] Cancel
1
8
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Overview
Ca
ble
Cable F
ir
e Protect ion
Transmission
Lin
e
Motor Nameplate
Motor CKT Model
Motor Charact erist
i
Model
Motor Load Model
Fu
se
Relay
Recloser
Eect ronic Contro ller
HV Cir
cu
it Breaker
LV
C
ir
cu
it Breaker
Trip Device
Overload Heater
Harmo
ni
Inte
rr
uption Cost
Reliab il ity
Load Profile
Pa
tt
ern
Ba
tt
ery
Control System Device
Photovoltai
Wind Turbine
Open
Save
Save As
ETAP
3-49
Librarv
Vou can
a1so
create new libraries by right
clicking the Library
folder
in Project View and
selecting the
Create command.
Use the
right
click
menu
options
t
locate
and
open
other
ETAP hDra.ry files, or to Save, Save As,
or
Purge
the hlxary
currently in use
To
convert ETAP DOS library files, select the
Convert ETAP
DOS
Lib command
ftom the
Library
menu,
select the
library type t
be
converted, and then locate and convert tb e
ETAP DOS hl rary file.
Bach ETAP project file can
be
attached
associat.ed with) one library only. To attach
a
project file to a
different
library, use
the Open
command :from the Project View right-click
Libraries)
or from the Libra.ry
menu
in
the menu
bar.
There are a number
o
ibraries available for
many devices
in
ETAP. Bach library is
customized for a specific device.
BTAP
12.SUser Guide
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Overview
Cable Systems
3.16 Cable Systems
Data
integrati.on
between the one-line
diagram
and
underground
raceway
system UGS) includes
electrical properties, routing,
and
physical attributes
of
cable. For example, a cable contains
data
used for
load
:Oow
studies iepresenting its electrical properties and bus connections.
The
cable
a1so
contains the
physical
data
and
routing
information associated with the raceways through which it is routed.
1cc JA
Sub
3
o
u Cab1e2
º
M
o
Pump
1
SOO P
C T3 1
121 t
3 1 /C
1 0
XFMR 3
1
IVA
MCCl
o.qs
Comp
Mtrl
20 30 50 60
• ..... j
. r I
1
. . . . .
Steam Pipe
. .
•
_ El
Cables in ETAP are categoriud in three groups: One-Line, Equi.pment, and UGS
3.16.1 One-Line Cable
One-line cables, cables that are placed in the one-line diagram, appear
as
a graphical element in the one
line diagram or System Dumpster presentations. This is a cable that you
add
to the one-line diagram
as
a
branch to connect buses. To route a one-line cable through a raceway, click the Existing Cable
button
on
the
Edit toolbar in an underground raceway presentation, select a cable from the drop-down list and then
place it inside a raceway condu.it or location. You can a1so route a one-line cable tbrough a raceway from
the
Routing page
in
the Cable Editor.
Note:
This
action will attach
888ign)
the cable
to
the raceway
but
will not place
it
in a specific conduit
or
location.
3.16.2 Equipment Cable
An equipment cable is a cable that is placed in an editor as a feeder for a toa.d. Equipment cables are
attached
to
equipment such as motors
and
static loads as a feeder cables, but do not appear graphicallyas
branch elements on the one-line diagram. You add these cables to equipment ftom the Property editors
CableNd page)
of
static load and motors. To
route
an equipment cable through a raceway,
do
the
following:
BTAP
3-SO
BTAP
12.S
User Guide
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Overview Cable Systems
1 Click the Existing Cable button on the Edit toolbar
in an
underground raceway presentation.
2. Select a cable from the drop-down list.
3. Drop the cable inside a raceway conduit or location.
You can also route an equipment cable through a raceway from the Routing page in the Cable Editor.
Note: This action will attach assign) the cable to the raceway but will not place it
in
a specific conduit or
location.
3.16.3 Underground Raceway System UGS) Cables
UGS cables are cables that are placed only in underground raceways. These cables are used exclusively
within the underground raceway system. They are routed through an underground duct bank or direct
buried raceway, but do not exist in the one-line diagram
or
as an equipment cable. Raceway cables can be
graphically placed
in
raceway conduits
or
locations
by
clicking the
ew
Cable button on the Edit toolbar
in
underground raceway presentations. To make
it
into a one-line cable, raceway cables can
be
graphically dragged to a one-line diagram. However, a raceway cable cannot become an equipment cable.
Features
and
Capabilities
• Graphical user interface
• Neher-McGrath method
• IEC 287 method
• Intelligent rule-based alignment and spacing tools
• Temperature analysis
• Ampacity optimization
• Automatic cable sizing
• Transient temperature analysis
• Multiple duct banks and direct buried cables
• Externai heat sources
• Graphical user interface
• Graphical manipulation
of
raceways, cables, conduits, etc.
• Drag and drop cables from one-line diagrams
• Cable
of
different sizes
in
the sarne raceway
• Separate phases into different conduits or locations
• Unsymmetical positioning of raceways
• Transient calculations use a dynamic thermal circuit model
• Option to fix cable size and/or loading
• Grounded/ungrounded shielding
• Calculate thermal R dielectric losses, Y e, Y s, etc.
• User-defined armor cables
• Unbalanced load factors
• Multiple duct banks and direct buried cables
• Place raceways
in
multiple cross-sections
ETAP
3-51
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Overview Cable Systems
Flexible Operation
• Multiple raceways
• Multiple externai heat sources
• Custom,
NEC or standard IEEE rule-based spacing
• Optimization
ofnew
cables
in
existing raceways
• Cross-sectional analysis
• Duct banks and direct buried raceways
• Integrated with cables in one-line diagrams
• Integrated with load flow results
• Integrated with cable pulling analysis
Plotting
• Transient temperatures calculations based
on
load profile
• Option to display multiple cables simultaneously
• Zoom to
any
detail level
• Export data
to
Microsoft Excel
• Line, bar, 3-D, and scatter plots
• Customize text nd axes
Reporting
• Flag criticai
and
marginal cable temperatures
• Reports all physical and calculated data
• Use Crystal Reports for full color, customizable reports
• Export output reports to your favorite word processor
• Graphical display of raceway results
3 16 4 Cable Ampacity
ETAP
calculates cable ampacity based
on NEC
70, ICEA P.54-440, IEEE 399,
BS
7671,
and
IEC 60364-
5-52 Methods for U/G duct banks, U G direct buried, A G cable trays, A/G conduits, and air drops. The
process is systematic
and
simple. For example, for
A G
trays, sirnply enter the tray height, width, and
percent fill, ETAP calculates the derated ampacity
based
on user specified ambient
and
conductor
operating temperatures. For duct banks, specify the number of rows, columns, ambient temperature, and
soil thermals resistivity, ETAP calculates the derated ampacity
based on
the hottest location
not
exceeding the maximum operating temperature.
3 16 5 Cable Sizing
ETAP provides optirnal and alternative cable sizes based on voltage drop, short circuit, maximum or
average phase operating current, load current requirements, and protective device requirernents. Load
current
can
be based
on
the full-load
mp of
any element
on the
one-line diagram
or
as a user-specified
value.You can size cables motor feeders, transformer cables, etc.) instantly
based
on the cable derated
ampacity for any type of nstallation direct banks, trays, conduit in air, etc.).
ETAP
3-52
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Overview Project Toolbar
3.17 Project Toolbar
1 Project Toolba r
I[
Standard
The
Project
toolbar contains buttons that allow you to perform shortcuts using many commonly used
commands inETAP. All ofthese commands
are
described in detail in different parts of
his manual
e.g.,
Section 5.2, One-Line Diagram Menu
Bar
and Chapter 6 One-Line Diagram GUI both describe the
graphical user interface
of
he one-line
diagram).
Command
New
Open
Save
Preview
Cut
Copy
Paste
Pan
Zoom
n
ZoomOut
Back:
Forward
Zoom to Fit Page
Undo
Redo
TextBox
Polyline Text Box
Show Grid Lines
Check Circuit Continuity
SIE
Get Template
Add OLV Template
Hyperlinks
Power Calculator
Find
Help
Theme
Editor
Them.e N me
ETAP
Command Function
Create a
new
project file.
Open an existing project file.
Save the proj
ect
file.
active interface
views like one line
diagrams
or
underground raceways.
Preview the print layout
ofthe
active interface view.
ut
the selected elements
from
an
active interface
view.
Copy the selected elements from an active interface view.
Paste elements
from
a dumpster
cell to
an
active interface view.
Pan the one-line diagram
orunderground
raceway
view
using
a
mouse
.
Magnify the one-line diagram or underground raceway system.
Reduce the one-line
diagram
or underground raceway system.
Undo zoom levei for the one-line diagram.
Redo the zoom levei for the one-line diagram.
Resize the one-line diagram to fit the window.
Undo previous
task
on the one-line diagram excluding removing an elem.ent.
Redo a task
that
was undone.
Click to place a textbox on an active interface view.
Click to place a polyline
te:x.t
box open
or
closed polygon shapes)
Display the grid tines on the one-line diagram.
Check the
system.
continuity for non-energized elements.
Switching Interlock Enforcer
to
check interlock logic conflict.
Select pre-developed one-line diagrams
to
insert.
Create
and
save templates to the template
library.
Click to
dd
a hyperlink. to a device or
one line
diagram.
Activate Power Calculator.
Click to find a device on the one-line diagram.
Point
to
a specific area
to
leam more about
ETAP.
Customizes the look of he One Line
Diagram
presentations.
Select from listofsaved Theme configurations.
3 53
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Overview
Project Toolbar
ommand ommand
Function
Select color coding
of
current Theme name.heme Color Coding
Colors Normal
Colors Custom
Change selected component color to normal
based
on Theme Color Coding.
Change
selected component color to custom color.
Click the New tool to start a new
project
This
opens tbe
Create
New Project File dialog box, as
shown below.
Cr
ea
te New Proj
ec
t File
Project File
Name
Directory C:\E TAP
1200\
Unit
System
@ English
ê
Metric
Password
ô
Required
DDBC
01ive1
1
MS Access •
I
1Advanced Parameters 1
From the dialog box, enter a project file name with a maximum of 32 characters that is soitable for your
project. For the purpose of his manual, name the new project Test and click OK. This wil1 open the User
Information dialog box. For more details on user information, see Chapter 5 User Access Management.
User lnformation
Use r Name
Full
Name
Descript ion
Password
Confirmed
Password
OTI
Access
le
vei permissions
Adm
ini
strator
Project E
dita
r
a s e E
ditor
Revi
sion
Ed
it
or
[ {) Checker
Browser
i b r a r i a n
rt
Controller
e r a t o r
Uter Informatlon Dlalog Box
When you creste a new project, ETAP automatically gives you all access levei privileges.
If
you click on
OK
and
ETAP logs you on as a Project Editor i.e., you have
full
access
to
all editors including Base
ETAP 3 54
ETAP
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Overview
Project Toolbar
Data, Revision Data, Libraries, etc.), administrative functions such as adding and deleting users to the
project are not available to a Project Editor. To access these functi.ons, you must log on as Admin.
For projects on which security is not an issue or ifyou are a single user ofETAP, we recommend that you
do not require a password and that you give yourself full access privileges. You can
change
the password
requirement for projects at any
time.
Ifyou
forget your User Name or your password, log on as Admin. Type password as the password. We
recommend that you do not change the password for Admin unless you record it for later use. f you
forget your User Name or your password, tbis may be tbe only way you can access this project
Enter your User Name (maxim:um 20 characters)
in
the User Name field. User Name is a mandatory field
For the pmpose of this manual, enter OTI and then click on OK. ETAP
will
create a one-Iine diagram
presentation named OLVI. You can start adding elements and editing the one--line diagram. Each time a
new project is created, the presentation displayed in the window will be named OLVl (OLVl is the
default name for the one-Iine diagram presentation). You can change the name
of
the one-Iine diagram
presentation at any time.
Open
You can open an existing (previously saved) project file by clicking on the Open toolbar. l f you are
editing a project and you want to open a previously saved project, you will be prompted to save the
current project.
ln
order
to
open a previously saved project while you are editing a project, the currently opened project
must be in Edit or Study Mode. Note: you CANNOT save or close a project wh en you are in Revision
Data (i.e., you must first change
to
Base Data).
A file named Example.OTI is included
in
the ETAP installation
program.
To open this file, click on Open
toolbar.
This will
open the Open Project File dialog
bOX;
as shown here.
Open
i
J «
ET
APl lOO • Example-ANSI •
• l • 1 1 Search
Example ANS
1
Org anize • N
w foi
der
ir; Favorites
..
Na
me Date modified
Type
l i Deskt
op ij6
BAC
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9/14/
2011
9:
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AM File folder
ui
Downloads
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Fil
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Output
9/14/
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File folder
Pictures
l :J
EXA
MPL
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10/11/ 201111:
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OTIFile
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Videos
1 Computer
Loca l Disk (C:)
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(
C
:)
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F
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(
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Open l•I
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Cancel
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Opo Project File DialogBos.
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Overview
Project Toolbar
The file Example.OTI is located in the folder in the ETAPS\PowerS1n directory called Ex.ample. Select
the file and clickon Open.
The Example file
cont ins
a sample project complete with a one-line
di gr m
nd
sample values
entered
into the component editors. Performing the actions described in the remamderof his user guidewil help
you to
become famiHar
withETAP.
Lookin
Select a network. drive and directoey where the ETAP project file that you want to open is located.
ileName
Type or select the file na.me
you
want to
open.
This box lists files with the extension
you
select in the List
Files ofType
box.
ilesofYype
BTAP
project files have an extension
of
OTL
Save
A project can be saved only
when
you are
in
Edit mode or a Study Mode. f
you have
logged on as a
Project Editor or Base Editor you CANNOT save a project while the project is in a revision leveiofdata.
Saving a project can be done by clicking the Save tool.
The Print tool will print the active interface views to your defawtprinter.
To access the print options open the Print dialog box by selecting Print from the File menu on the menu
bar.
PrintPreview
Click the Print Preview tool to preview the print layoutof he active interface view.
There are a variety of ools available to modify the print layout in the Print Preview dialog box
~
Print Preview Dialog Box
ETAP
3-56
ETAP
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Overview Project Toolbar
Ciose
Click
on
this button to save the settings and layout, close, and return to the one-line diagram.
Click
on
this button to bring up the Print Dialog
box
to start a print job.
Print Setup
Click on this button to display the Print Setup dialog box, which contains options that allow you to select
the destination printer and its connection.
Print Options
Click on this button to display the Print Options dialog box.
e:rt/Previous Page
f
he extent of a one-line diagram exceeds one page you can navigate through multiple pages using the
N ext Previous Page buttons.
Toggle Display
Click on this button to toggle between a preview
of
one or two pages at once.
Zoom In Out View
Zoom In/Out
of
the view to preview the details or overall layout
of
your one-line diagram prior to
printing. Zoom In/Out View does not affect the print results.
Fitto Page
Fit the extent
of
he one-line diagram into the selected page size and orientation.
Zoomln Out
Zooms in/out ofthe one-line diagram so that the size ofthe diagram changes with respect to the page size.
Once you print or close Print Preview, ali settings are saved for future printing. Zoom levels
in
the Print
Preview are independent of zoom levels
in
the one-line diagram. The default magnification levei is 1
O
units. Y
ou
can enter a specific magnification factor in the field provided.
Scroll
Scroll the one-line diagram to the right, left, top, and bottom with respect to the selected page size and
orientation. These scroll functions are provided for centering and/or adjusting the location
ofthe
one-line
diagram with respect to the selected paper size for this one-line diagram. Once you print or close Print
Preview, all settings are saved for future printing. Scrolling
in
the Print Preview is independent
of
scrolling in the one-line diagram. The default scroll factor is 10 units. However, you can specify the scroll
length
in
the fields provided.
Cut
The Cut tool will detete selected elements from the one-line diagram and place them
in
the Dumpster.
You can cut elements in Edit Mode only.
Copy
The Copy tool will copy selected elements from the one-line diagram and place them in a Dumpster with
new ID Names while all other data and properties are preserved. You can copy elements
in
Edit Mode
only.
ETAP
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User
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Overview Project Toolbar
Paste
To paste
an
element
or
a group of elements from the Dumpster, select a cell from the Dumpster and
activate the view ( one-line diagram
or
underground raceway)
you want
the element
to
be pasted into, and
then click the Paste tool.
f more than one element is pasted, the pasted one-line diagram will be grouped
to
facilitate dragging the
one-line diagram to the desired location. To ungroup the one line diagram, right-click on the pasted
elements and select ungroup from the menu.
You can paste elements in Edit Mode only. When an element is pasted from the Dumpster, ET P assigns
a new
ID to
it
while li other data and properties are preserved.
Pan
Use the Pan tool to move the project around
in
the window without changing the scale ofthe view. Click
the Pan tool
and
drag the project to the desired view. Press the Esc key
to
release the
Zoom
ln
tool.
Zoom ln
There are several ways
to
use the Zoom ln tool
to
enlarge the view of your project.
• Click the Zoom ln tool once and click the location on the project where you want to magnify the
view. The view magnifies once and the tool is released.
• Double-click the Zoom
ln
tool
to
magnify your view many times. Press the Esc key
to
release the
Zoom
ln
tool.
• Click the Zoom
ln
tool and drag an area on your project to magnify.
Zoom ut
Click the Zoom Out tool to reduce the view of your project. Continue
to
click the Zoom
Out
tool
to
the
desired reduced view.
ack
Click
on
the Back button
to
return to the previous Zoom levei. The button will
be
grayed when you first
open the project or you have reached the first zoom levei.
Forward
Click
on
the Forward button to return
to
the next Zoom levei. The button will
be
grayed out when
you
first open the project
or
you have reached the last
Zoom
level.
Zoom to Fit Page
Use
the
Zoom to Fit Page tool to view the entire project in the window.
f
ali the elements will not fit
within the window, the window will
be
set to maximum reduction with the view located to the window s
upper left-hand comer.
Y
ou
can select an area of the one-line diagram
or
select elements by holding down the Control button
and
clicking
on
the element(s), then click the Zoom
to
Fit tool to it only the selected elements to the window.
ETAP
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User
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Overview Project Toolbar
Undo
Undo hiding an element or undo the movement of an element. Also undo moving, adding
or
deleting a
connection. Y ou
may
not use Undo to remove an
element
Redo
When undo is used, graphical Redo allows user to redo undone tasks.
Text ox
Click
and
move to the OLV, UGS, or Star presentation to drop a text box. Double click on the text
box
to add text or fields from the editors to display
in
this box.
Polyline Text ox
Click this button to draw a polyline
or
multiline text box with open
or
closed polygon shapes. Double
click
on
the text
box
within the polyline
to
add text
or
fields from the editors
to
display
in
this box.
Show Grid Lines
Click
on
the Show Grid Lines tool
to
display grid lines
on
the one-line diagram. The grid is zoom
dependent and will
be
enlarged or reduced proportionately with the elements when they are enlarged or
reduced. The grid size can be changed in the Edit Display Options.
Check Circuit Continuity
Use the Check Circuit Continuity tool
to
activate
or
de-activate this feature. f he Continuity Check
is
on,
ET P determines which element in a presentation is energized. n energized elem.ent is an element,
which is connected by an uninterrupted path to a swing source generator or utility). Elements, which are
not energized, are displayed
in
gray grayed out)
on
your screen.
Out
of Service elements are displayed grayed out
if
the Continuity Check is on, otherwise only their
annotations are displayed in gray. Motors and loads with Spare status are always shown with gray
annotations.
ET P determines whether every branch in your system is energized
or
hot.
n
energized branch has an
uninterrupted path from an energized bus to another bus. A branch that is not connected to one energized
bus is considered de-energized. A branch is considered
hot
if
t
h s one uninterrupted path
to an
energized
bus but its other terminal is
not
connected
to
another bus. When you
run
studies only energized buses,
branches, and loads are considered. De-energized elements, along with their connections, can be printed
in
gray, black,
or
not printed at all. Y
ou
can choose to print de-energized elements from Print Options.
Switching Interlock Enforcer
Switching interlock enforcer is an easy to use module in BT
P
that allows the engineer to design and
simulate the system while being aware of the existing interlocking between switching devices in the
system.
This has the potential
to
prevent the engineer from designing system configurations that are not allowed
and save time by simulating scenarios that are unnecessary due to existing interlocks.
As well as checking for interlocks that prevent the user from changing the configuration of switching
devices, it also checks
if
switching a device will trigger the switching of another device or a chain ofother
devices.
ETAP
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ETAP 12.5
User
Guide
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Overview Project Toolbar
The interlocking can be based on the configuration
of
another switching device
or
based
on
a meter
readings updated
by
running Load Flow study.
Get Template
Select pre-developed one-line diagrams to insert into the presentation. Template files can be created
manually using the
dd
to OLV Templates icon or can be taken from the ETAP default templates. The
template files are created in a .xml format and are saved under the template folder located in the main
ETAP directory. Select any .xml template file in the folder and place the one-line diagram template in the
presentation. Select the template using the exact template IDs and/or properties or the default IDs and/or
properties. Templates are saved in the directory and therefore can be added to any project.
dd to Template
After creating a one-line diagram, the user can save the whole one-line or any section of the one-line
diagram
to
a template. The template will contain all electrical properties and IDs for the elements
included. The user can use this template
in
any project created. The saved template will save as a .xml
file.
Hyperlinks
Hyperlinks give you the flexibility
of
linking any document or web page to the ETAP project. Datasheets,
tables, pictures, manufacturer web pages, maintenance schedules, and much more information can be
linked directly to specific devices on the one-line diagram, raceways system, or to different presentations.
Click on the Hyperlinks tool. Drag-and-drop the hyperlink on any device on the one-line diagram,
raceway, or presentation including composite motors and networks.
Once you drop the hyperlink, the Hyperlinks Editor opens.
Enter the description, address, and tool tip.
Click on the dd button. f
you
want to dd more hyperlinks, enter the information again and click the
add button to
dd
the hyperlink to the list. When you complete entering the Hyperlinks, click on the OK
button.
f you placed the hyperlinks
on
the presentation background, the description text is displayed
on
the
diagram in black and the tool tip is displayed when you place your mouse cursor over the link. Y our
cursor changes when you are over a hyperlink.
f
you placed the hyperlink on a device, the tool tip is added
to
the
<levice
tool tip.
n
the image below,
the
tool tip was entered as Energy Cost Documents.
Using Hyperlinks
To activate a hyperlink placed on the presentation background, double-click on the hyperlink. To activate
a device hyperlink.(s), right-click on the device and select the hyperlink(s). A menu is displayed listing the
hyperlinks for the selected
<levice
Editing\Removing Hyperlinks
To
editor
remove a hyperlink, you need to access the Hyperlink Editor. To access the Hyperlink Editor,
click on the Hyperlink tool and drop it on the device you want the link to be edited\removed from or on
the link text on the presentation background.
ETAP
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Overview
Project Toolbar
To
edit a hyperlink,
click
on
the
hyperlink in the lisl
The
address, d e s r i p t i ~ and
tool
tip appear on
the
editor. Edit
the
necessary information
and
then click on
the
Add button. The hyperlink
is
edited
To
remove a hyperlink,
select
the hyperlink from the hyperlink list
and
click
on the
Delete
button. The
hyperlink
is removed.
Power alculator
The Power Calculator relates MW, Mvar, MVA, kV, Amps,
and
PP together for 3-phase
systems and
displays them
in
either
kV
A or MVA units. You have
the
option to keep one of
he
four
variables (MVA,
MW, Mvar, or
o/oPF)
fixed
and
calculate the rest.
Power Calculator
kVA kW kvar
280 250
2 7
J
kV PF
Amps
0.48 89.16
337.3
Fixe d Unit
(Ô kVA (Ô PF kVA
kW (Ô kvar (Ô MVA
8
ind
Use
the
Find
tool to locate
a device on
the
one-line diagram. Click on
the
Find tool and enter
the ID ofan
element to be
found.
Help
Click
on
the Help tool
and
click anywhere
on the
screen
to
access
help
about
the item
you clicked on.
Double-click on
the
Help tool
to
access
the
BTAP Help files.
Theme Editor
Use
this
tool
to
customiz.e
the
look
of the
One Line Diagram presentations.
ln
the
Theme Editor you
create customized themes
and
change element color schemes, annotations colors, background, grid color,
and grid size. You
can
display faulted buses based by symbol or color and
can also
ch.ange the connectors
wire type and color for single phase systems. Also create customized themes based on voltage ratings,
area, grounding type solid, low-Z, hi.gh-Z, un-grounded), or eartbing type
(TI,
TN,
IT,
NEC, earthing
elements).
ThemeName
This
drop-down
list allows you
to
switch between themes
defined,
named and saved in the Theme Editor.
Colors and styles are automatically switched
to the
last color configuration selected for
the
Theme Name.
ETAP 3-61 ETAP 12.S U5el Oui de
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Overview Project Toolbar
Theme olor oding
Select the active color code for the energized conductors as defined
in
the Theme Editor per each Theme
N ame. The energized conductors can be color coded based
on
the following:
• Standard Colors
• Voltage
• Area
• Grounding
• Earthing
olors Normal
Select any individual
or
group of elements and click
on
Colors Normal
to
overwrite any custom color
editing
and
restore
the
defined colors
per the
Theme Color Coding corresponding
to
the Theme Na.me.
olors ustom
Select any individual
or
group
of
elements and click on Colors Custom to customize the coloring for any
individual or group of elements. This will overwrite the custom color defmed by the Theme Color Coding
per Theme Na.me.
TAP
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ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview
Study Case Toolbar
3.18 Study Case Toolbar
Thia
fDolbar is
displayed
B'rtmnatic:ally
when
you
are
in
one
of
be
study modes. The Stwly
Case
tx>olbar
allows you
to
comrol
and
manage the study soluúon parameters and outputreports.
Study Case
11 JfANSI Duty
• lfANS l Duty
• J
u
ll '±J Cab
le
New Study Case
Click this button to create new
stwly
cases. You can creste unlimited study cues
for
each type of
analysis.
New study cases can
eithe:r
be copied fi:om
a
default study case or copied
fiom
any
odm
existing study case.
StudyCase
The Stwly Case drop-down list lets
you
sclect a pviously created
study
case
l l l lDIC to
display. The
solution parameters specified in he displayed study case are used whe:n you nm a
new
study.
To create
a
new study cue select Study Cases fiom the ProjectView and
right...çlick lhe
desired study case type such
as 1oad tlow, short-c:ircuit, motor starting, Uamient stability, or undergroundraceway systmia.
Edit Study Case
Click the Edit Study Case button to edit lhe selected study case. Study
Case
Editors include Load Flow,
Short..Circ:uit,
Motor Starting, Tranaient Stability, andunderground Raceway System,
for
example.
Outout Report
The Output R.eport drop down list
lets
you select
a
previoualy created output report
and
display
it. Wheo
you nm a
study,
tbe disp ayed
file
name will be used for
1he
output report
and plot
To ereate a new file
name for your reporta,
selec:t
Prompt fiom the
Output
Rq>ort
drop down. list and
perfmm a etudy. ETAP
wil1promptyou f enter anew file ume for the output report and plots.
List Outout Reports
Click this button to listaliETAP output reports. Fromthis
drop-down list,
you can.preview allpreviously
crcated output reporta,which can
be
in hc CrystalReporta format or text :reports.
Reuort
Format
From this drop-down
list,
select a complete repo.rt ora particularpct ofa complete repo.rt to view.
Jnclependent of be
language
vcrsion ofETAP being used at the
time
ofexecuting a
study,
output reports
are available in English,
Spanish,
Chinese, Iapanese, Ru sillll, Portugue e,
and
Genmm.
View Report Manager
Click the View R.eport Manager buUon
to
display the contents of he cunent output file. Crystal
R.eports
format
ia
uaed
to browae anel
your customi7.ed report.
BTAP
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Overview
MessageLog
3 19 Message Log
ETAP uses
the
message log
to
record
activities
when
you are working
witb.
your
BTAP
project.
For
example,
ETAP
records an entry whenever youopen or close a
project.
ln
additi.on
ETAP recoreis entries
when you delete OLE objects or update OLE links and whenever some
intemal
errors are encountered.
I hc majority ofuse for
tb.e
message log is reserved for
tb.e
miline operations (EI AP Real-Time Systems).
09·12·2004@23:23:56
Opened: C:\OOCUME-1 \Hugo\LOCALs-1 \ T mp\-msglog.tmp
09·12·2004@23:24:13
Opened O:\ETAP
500\Test_Project\ T
st_Project.OTI
OTI
Project
Editor
09·12·2004@23:24:14 Backup copy
of
proiect file O:\ETAP 500\Test Proiect\Test Proiect.oti
into
O:\E TAP 500\Test
Proiect\BACKUP\
Test Proiec1--.oti created.
I Ili· :
1
•• • • • • •
:•
• •
Message Logger
The display size
of
tb.e message log can be changed y pulling tb.e top end up
or
down. For most
applications you can
minimi711
the
display size
of he
message log
to
zero.
I hc operation of the message log is completely tnmsparent. ETAP automatically maintains
the
log. You
may, however, customize the log by setting the mHim•nn numbcrofentries tbatETAP can display in b.e
message log
at
any given time.
Additionally,
you may set tb.e si7.e
of be text
logs
generatedby BTAP.
To
cust.omize
tb.e
message log, see Section 1.6, INI File. The default entties
for
Msglog Size and
ax
Display Msgs
are:
MsgLog
S ~ 2 8
ax
Display Msgs=2SS
ETAP
3-64
ETAP
12.
SUser
Guidc
8/16/2019 ETAP 12.6 - Tutorial para o programa
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Overview Tutorial
3.20 Tutorial
This
tutorial provides a
brief
overview
of
he
basic operation
of
the ET
P
program.
Once
you
finish
this
tutorial you will be familiar with some the key features and capabilities of he program and the various
modules available for performing power system. analysis.
StartingET
P
1. Start
ET P
by double-clicking the
icon on your
desktop.
Opening the Example Project File
Follow these steps
to
open
the EXAMPLE project file:
1.
Type
your
User Name
in
the
Logon Editor
and
select
tbe
Project Editor
option
in
the
Select
Access Level Editor.
ET
AP L
ogo
n
Se lect Acc ess Leve i
Project File
ame
Example ANSI
Project
File
Name
Example ANSI
Path C:\E
TAP
1200\Example ANS1
Usei
Name
OTI
User
ccess
Levei
Administrator
Name
OTI
@ Project Editor
ô
Browser
Password
ô
Base
Edítor ô
Librarian
ô Revision Editor
ô Controller
1
E
TAP License Wizard ...
ô
Checker
ô Operator
IEJ
[ Cancel
1
s
previously mentioned ET P organizes all work
as
projects. Each project provides ali tbe necessary
tools and support for modeling
and
analyzing an electrical
power system.
Projects consi.st of electrical
systems
that
require unique electrical components
and
interconnections. The Example project includes a
one-line diagram of
an
electrical system. Notice the
toolbars
on the top
and
the right-hand side of he one
line diagram
One Line Diagram andEditon
ET P
provides a fully grapbical user interface for constructing your one-line diagram. There are many
command options
in
the :interface includíng
the
following:
• Graphically
add
delete relocate and connect elements.
• Zoom
in or out
• Display
grid
off
or
on.
• Change element size
ao.d
orientation.
• Change symbols.
• Hide
or
show protective devices.
ETAP
3 65
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
8/16/2019 ETAP 12.6 - Tutorial para o programa
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Overview
Tutorial
• Enter properties.
• Lock and unlock element properties.
•
Set
operating status.
ETAP 12.0.0
Beta4
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t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
imi
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'- '
•
X:175 Y l
OO
34.5 kV
Main us
T2
10MVA
1200 MVAsc
Utility
Gen1
7.5MW
y ' (
BD
Pol1
3Ph4W
CT2 .
5 15
T1
15110/5MVA
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rli
nk
for
etap
com
ETAP Tutoriais
Grid1
S u b A
l
Sub2B
13
.8 kV
.i:; Sub
i
Sub2A-N
Syn1
1250 HP
Synl:\fa1o r, l go up
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48kV
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Ba
s"
The
ET
AP
one-line diagram is a one-line representation of a power system. The one-line diagram is the
starting point for all studies. You
can
graphically construct your electrical system by connecting the
buses, branches, motors, generators, and protective devices
in any order from the one-line diagram' s Edit
toolbar. You can connect the elements
to
the buses graphically or from their editors. You can double-click
elements to open their editors and edit the engineering properties, such as ratings, settings, and loading,
connections.
ETAP
3-66
ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Tutorial
Editor&
1. Douhle-c:Jick
tlle
Power
Gri4 (Utility)
syd>ol on
tho one-lino diagram and view
the
Utilily
Editor.
'l'llis
i l whtn
you
enlm delafilrtho utility
ma4jno
IDDlt.L
u b 2 A
;1
1200
MVAsc
'li Utilfty
'- >
, __ .
'
W..00 •
Oen1
IS ll.V S-C-
7.SMW
T2
10MVA
BD
)
,.
'ji; i..
Gr
Sub2B
13.8
kV
Sub2A-N
-
•
)1
T
.
,_
-··
-
-
-
~
--
o G: g _
Syn1
1250
HP
..um ..
JAM).lo6t
l -Ct11tr
c.. , .
i . tn lit-O.; )t)I W<k i ll\ 'A
: i f i l l i S l
f l ~
~
lJ
DC System
2. Se ec:t difl '.m
peps
ofthia
editor lllld
look cmr the
type
of
illfonDalim tbat
you cm provido to
mode1 utilitymaMjne
4. Do1ible-click oths c ie - t l
811.d
explore
their editor&.
Bach
availabJJ: elcmtnt
lw a c:utomiv.ed
editor.
S.
Doullle-click lhe
llyllclJronoua
motor
Synl
and view
ita
editor. Tbia
i l
wba'e
yon
cnter
clala
wed
fm
synchrollOllll
mo1Dr
modela.
BTAP
BTAP
1
2.S
UHrGuldo
8/16/2019 ETAP 12.6 - Tutorial para o programa
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Overview Tutorial
SynchronousMotor E
di
tor - Syn
l
lii t;W
S
ta
rtinq M
od
e
1
C
ab
le/Vd
1
Cable Amp
1
Protection
1 Re
lia
bi
lity
1
Remarks
1
Commenl
lnfo
l Nameplate 1 Mode l 1 LR Model
1
lnertia
1 Exciter
1 Load
1
Sta rtDev
1
Start Ca l
1
1 1250HP
132kV 1-3/C 4AWG/kcmil 15 kV
lnfo
6
0 Synl
Revisi
on
Da
ta
Bus
lsub2A
· I
13.8kV
1
Ba
se
Equipment Condition
I
Tag#
1
@1"
Service
E)
O<rt
Na
me
Synl
State
IAs-built
· I
Description
Conn
ection
@ 3 Ph
ase
Da
ta
Type 1Estimate
· I
ô 1Pha
se
P rior
ity l criti
ca
l
· I
Ouantity
1
Demand Factor Configuration
Continuous lntermittent Spare
1
Normal
100
60 o
%
Status 1Continuous
· I
lil lil
lsy"l
1111
1
OK 11I Caocel j
Editors are designed so that you can enter a minimum amount of information and still
be
able
to
run
different studies. Voltage and HP data are all you need
to
perform most studies.
If
you are interested in
modeling a motor dynamically for motor acceleration or transient stability studies, you need to enter more
detailed information such as the motor model, inertia, and load model.
An
exercise that illustrates this point is included at the end
of
his tutorial.
Synctwoncus Motor Editor - Syn1
- """""'" J . __ _
.,_ 1 . . . ._
L 1
- ....,. T
t•-
I - 1
e . t" :' J.s....o.v
l
s....c.i
1
1 12'501-f'
132
.V
.
R-..cl
100
15._, 5011L
kV
11
'
"11.Pf
.as
-M
-47
Pot.s
4
kVA f1i;õ'
fl.A 5119
ª
937 937 937 9l7
RPM fjiiõ
SI' 1
[s,._•
_____
6. Click
OK
and close the editor.
ETAP
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Overview Tutorial
Composite Networks
A composite network
is
an aggregate of all components in a subsystem. since
it
can contain buses,
branches, loads, sources,
and
even other composite networks or composite motors.
Vou
can nest your
subsystems to an unlimited number of ayers. This allows you to constru.ct systems
an d
nest elements by
their voltage leveis,
by
physical layout,
by
the geometrical requirements of elements,
by
study
requirements,
by
relays
and
control device requirements,
by
logical layout
of
elements, etc. You have full
control over how the system should be nested.
1. Double-click
the
composite network Sub3 Net. The Sub3 Net view, which
is
a one-line diagram
nested inside the main one-line diagram,
is
displayed.
Sub
3
Sub3 Net
l'Jl4{1W
i '§M
Sub 3
Pump 1
3 SOO HP
HCC 3A
- 2 . 5 TapP
XFHR
3
1 kVA
_J
O i 6 kV Comp Htr
Panel.1 1
3Ph
- 4
11 u.L
T6
v. so kv
Pnl.
3
T
3Ph-i l l
Pnl.2
lPh-311
2.
To chan.ge the number
ofpins
right-click Sub3 Net and select Pins.
Sub3 Ne t
ETAP
Cut
Copy
Add To e nolate •
Size
Symbols
R o t ~
Pins •
r ~ t i e s ...
Vlew ••
12
16
5et Dcf
out Armt
. Position
20
Use e f ~ t /Wd: Postion
Pri lt
Pre
vievi • •
3-69
Sub3 N et
/
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Overview
Tutorial
Composite networks can have 4, 8, 12, 16,
or
20 externai connection points pins). These include
the top
pin
~ T o p l ) , left pins ~ L e f t l to ~ L e f t 9 ) , right pins ~ R t l to ~ R t 9 ) , and bottom
pin
~ B o t l ) .
3. Right-click the background
of
the composite network Sub3
Net
to
hide
or
show unconnected
pins.
: :J
St
ud
y Vlew=>Sub3 N
et
(load Flow Analys
is}
Sub3
Subl Swgr
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
MCCJA
Pump1
500HP
XFMRJ
1000
kVA
.... .... .. MCC1
Co
mp Mtr1
- - - - ·
1
Panel1
1
3Ph.4W
..L
6
50 kVA
T
Bus3
Pnl3
3Ph.4W
ltJ
Pnl2
1Ph 3W
Line4
Bus9
LUMP6
0.5
MVA
1mile
PLUTO
SPfdr2
AH
1
cable 9
00ft
2 -1
/C 1/0
Bus10
- ,-
~
Loa<l2
175
kVA
Composite
Network Sub3
Net
with
8
Pins
o
Cut
Copy
Paste
Move From Dumpster
Get From Template._
Add To
Template ..
Size
Bus Size
Symbols
Orientation
Status
Switching Oevice Status
Colors
Classification
l
ignment
Rot ate
Group
Ungroup
Get Annotation Position
HideAll PDs
Show
Ali
POs
AutoRoute Connectors
Pri
nt
Preview ..
./
H i d ~
U n c o n n K t Pins
The pins for the composite motors can
be
connected to any bus, branch, load,
or
protective device. Once a
pin
is connected internally
or
externally to
an
element,
it
becomes a proxy for that element and ali
connection rules for the element apply to the connected pin. To illustrate this, both
AC
and
DC
elements
are added
to
Sub3
Net
and are displayed here.
ETAP
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Overview
Sub 3
Sub3
Mtr2
Net2
iiMl J Willi* §é
@
Pnl l
CablelB
©
Mtr2
@
Net2
• _J
MCC 3A
Sub
3
P1.U 'p 1
Sub3
swgr
4 .16
kV
XFMR
3
Bat te ry3
90 0 0 AH
230 16
V
dcSusS
Tutorial
Rt2
250 V
DCMach3
2x
25
kW
The number
of
levels where you can nest composite networks inside
of
other composite networks is
unlimited. There is no limitation on the number
of
elements that you can include inside a composite
network. The user interface characteristics
of
composite networks are the sarne as the one-line diagram
where you can include both AC and DC elements.
omposite Motors
1 Double-click the composite motor Comp Mtrl The Comp Mtrl view which is a one-line
diagram nested inside the main one-line diagram appears.
iii Study Voew=>SubJ Net l l l ~ E i
S
ub
3
lf
Study Voew=> =>Comp Mtrl 1 1 1 1 1 ~ i
M tr
3 Mt
r M t r5
M
6
LT
G
Load
3x75 HPJ 25 HPSO HP 2x6 HP 2 kVA
Sub3 Net
Composite motors are used
as
a tool to group motors in the system. The elements that you can
include inside a composite motor are:
ETAP 3-71 ETAP 12.5 User Guide
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Overview
C
Composite
Motor
Induction Motor
Synchronous Motor
LumpedLoad
StaticLoad
MOV
Composite Motor
Circuit Breaker L
V and
HV)
Fuse
Contactor
Switch
lnstrument Transformers
Relays
DC Composite Motor
DCMotor
DC
Lumped
Load
DC
Static Load
DC
Elementary Diagram
DC
Composite Motor
DC
Circuit Breaker
DCFuse
You
can nest
composite motors inside each other for
an
unlimited
number
of
eveis.
One-Line Diagram Menu
Tutorial
Fil
e Edit Vi
ew
Project Library Rules Def
au
lts Tools R
evCont
rol Real Time Window Help
The One-Line Diagram
menu
bar above
is
displayed when a one-line diagram
is
active. The One-Line
Diagram menu
bar
contains a lis t of menus, each of which contain a drop-down list of commands. Some
of
h e menu commands also
have
pulldown
submenus
an arrow
pointing
to the right
denotes
a
submenu).
For
example,
you can
select Project, point
to
Settings,
then
select
the
Data Type command.
Project Toolbar
Pro
ct
Too l
ba
r
riil
1 I
tli
@I
0,.
i ~ 1.,
r>
CJ li I
'?
l@[ xa
mpl
eDea lt T
[ st
ada
d
The Project toolbar contains buttons that are
sh.ortcuts
for
many
of the
commonly
used
commands in
ETAP.
Mode Toolbar
ln
general, ETAP has three modes of operation:
Edit,
C
Study,
and
DC Study.
The C
Study
Mode
consists of he following:
• Balanced
Load Flow
• Short Circuit
• Motor Starting
• Harmonics
ETAP
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verview Tutorial
• Transient Stability
• Protective Device Coordination ETAP Star)
• Unbalanced Load Flow
• Optimal
Load
Flow
• Reliability Analysis
• Optimal Capacitor Placement
• Switching Sequence Management
The
D
Study mode consists
of
D Load Flow,
D
Short-Circuit, andBattery Sizing Analysis.
ETAP
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Overview Tutorial
EditMode
Edit Mode enables you
to
build yom o n ~ l i n
d i a ~
cbange system connections edit
engineering
properties save your project and generate schedule reports in
Crysta1
R eports formats. The Edit toolbars
for
both AC and DC elements
will
be displayed
to
the righ t
side
of
he
ETAP window
when
this
mode
is
active.
lm tudy Vie w 11 100
EJ
Bus5
O
kV
T
~ \
O MV
To Add Elements on the n ~ L i n e Diagram View
f
0
~
µ ~ ~
~ ®
1 Click any of the elements on the AC Edit
or
DC Edit toolbars. The mouse pointer changes
to
the
element button icon.
2. On the o n ~ l i n e view move the pointer
to
the desired location and click. The element is
added
to
the
one-line
view.
To Connect Elements in the
n ~ L i n e
View
For this example add a bus anda t ransformer
to
the n ~ l i n e view
by doi g
the following:
1 Move the mouse pointer to the top pinof he transformer so tbat a red square is displayed.
2. Left-click and drag the t ransformer
to
the
bus so
that
the
bus is displayed
red.
3 Release the mouse button. The connection is completed.
ETAP
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Overview Tutorial
StudyModes
Study Modes allow you to create and modify study cases, perform system analysis, and view output
reports and plots. When a study mode is active (selected), the Study toolbar for the selected study is
displayed on the right side
of
he ETAP window.
You can run studies, transfer data, and change display options by clicking the buttons on the Study
toolbar. B an example, Load Flow Analysis Mode is described next.
Working n Load low Analysis Mode
1.
Go to Load Flow Mode by clicking the Load Flow Analysis button on the Mode toolbar.
Note: The Load Flow toolbar is now displayed on the right side ofETAP. Also, the top toolbar
Mode
becomes the Study Case toolbar.
...
l1d l lv l lln
-; 1
•
'
Load
Flow Analysis
Rwi
LoadFlow
11 LF100A
•
2. Click the Run Load Flow buttonon the Load Flow toolbar.
The study results will be displayed on the one-line diagram.
load .
i j
o
§
3. Review the calculation results and familiarize yourself with the type of information displayed on
your one-line diagram.
4. Click the Display Options button and explore the variety
of
options available for the displayed
results.
5. Click the Alert button to display critical and marginal limit violations for the selected output
report.
6. Click the Report Manager button to view or print any partof he output report.
ETAP
How Rcport M
<t
n<tgcr
'*'
•
......
f df Sucma.y[
D
@ -
O POF
O MSW
«d
õ Rct.Tex : Format
0 MSE xoel
:]
s tk o.ld
1 """""
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Overview Tutorial
7. Click the Eclit Study Case button on the Study Case toolbar and study the
solution
parameters and
alert settings available for load flow analysis.
Load F
ow
Stu
dy
Ca
se
lrlo
'
1Loadíng
1
Adjustment
1 Alert
1
I•
St
udyCase
ID Method
Cl
Adapl
ive
Newton
-Raphson
LF
R
eport
Max. lteration
99
@ Nev.t
on-Raphson
F a s t ~ e d
Precision
0. 1
Report
Ull
ô Accelerated Gauss-Seidel
Rated
Voltage
l v
·1
IEJ
Ca
lculate
Rows
For 1-Phase
Panei Systems
()peratín l Voltage 1%
·1
Opti
ons
Power IMVA
·1
lnlíalV
oka
ge
l'll
Eq
uí
pment
Cable
@
Bus
lnlíalVolages
([J
Exclude Lo
ad
Diversly
Factor
Ô U
ser Defned
l '.J ftpply
T
ansfooner
Phase Shift
Updale
]
h l ial
Bu
s
Volt
ages I J
Ca
b
le Load Amp li{]Operatín
g
Load
V
]
hverter
Op
erat
ín l Load ]
T
ansformer
LTC.
li
StudyRemari<s
Serond
ine oi remailcsfor
LF 1
00A
study
case.
fJJ [
F
Report
· I
Jl
~
i OK JI
1 Cancel 1
Load Flow Study Case
lnfo 1Loading 1
Ad
justment1 Alert
1
Cr cai
i'.{] Marginal
r
ca i
i'.{] Marginal
Loading
BusVolta ge
---.--
Bus
95
%
OverVo
ltage
105
101
%
able
100
95
% UnderVo
lt
age
95 98
%
Line
100
95
%
Ge
nerat
or
Power Gnd Exc
ation
eactor
100
95
%
OverExcited
100
o Qmax
I'{] Un
de
rExcited
íiOO
an
sfo
rmer
100
95
% Qmin
Pane
l
UPS
V
FD
100
95
%
PD
1 85
%
1
li
ut
o Display
Generator
1 95
%
R º ~
R , ~
nverter/Cha
rg
er
100 95
%
Alarms arnmgs
8
[LF Report
·
18
1
OK
li
After you run load flow
results
are clisplayed on the one-line
diagram.
ETAP
3 76
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verview
Main Bus
Capacity
Ut i l i t y
1500 MVAsc
208
- j 9 4 8
Tutorial
/ Operatlng
us
Valtaga
ioO
Tl
Exceedad
1
5/10/5
MV
T2
10
MVA
Genl
1 7 .
MW
Sub 3
1
z
6300 4765
Sub2A
100
Sub2B
· - j330 t -
j 59
h
896
ET AP
- ... ..._9_. . . , . ._ - ... .. . 5
_
3_7 ...,.. -9-8 i
oO
j1109
j345 -
j 6
1 6
syn3
3500 HP
Sub2A
Cable22
125 m
1-3 /C 350
T22
5
MVA
3014
91. l-
996
Sub22
+j
18
68
o 4
j 18 68
91. l-
996
LUMP2
3 .5 MVA
}
NO
Sub23
Sub2B
Cable23
125
m
1-3 /C 350
T23
5
MVA
Ne t l
Motor
Terminal
Voltaga
3-77
2 553
. j749
to
j44
6
1'
CAPl
450
kvar
Gr1d2
. 658
j
398
T4
T l.5
V
A
Busl
I
' 91 .
1(;
DC
sys tem
Marginal
UnderVoltage Bu•
color daflnad
by usar)
ET AP
12
S User Guide
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Overview
Tutorial
ETAPProeramTutorial
Complete this tutorial to familiarim
yOlll SOlfwith
how the progtam wolks. ln this tutorial, you
wil1
add
a
new 13.2 kV induction motor to the &yBtem and nm a
Loed
Flow stwly. This
tutorial
also shows the
nrinimum dataRqUircd to
pelfcnm
stwlies for a motor.
1. Click the
Edit
Mode buuon
of he
Mode toolbar.
M
ooe QJ
li
p ]
Q J ~
[ ] [ § ) l
t
2. Add an indw:tion motor
to
the
011.e-lin.e
diagram.
3. Comieçt the
motor
to tbc bus Sub2B.
13 . 8 kV
Sub2B
Mtr2 Mtr7
2500
HP O HP
4.
Double-click
the motor.
The
motor 11
editor
is
clisplayed.
S
Goto
1hcNamq>lafe
pegc
of
he Motor
Editor.
0
'
l
u
l
vl v vl v
'T T T
-·
"f'
@
Á
®
Q
~
L
'T'
l 1 t
~
l:
Note:
The
motor
voltap is
au1oma1i.c:ally
set
to
13.2
kV
lince it
was
CO JDCÇfcd
to
a 13.8
kV bus.
You
cm change the
voltage.
6. Bnter 2000 in tbc HP text box and çliçk in
any
other text box. The program
automatü:ally
enters
typical. namep1ate data for
he
11pecified.motor
m
ETAP 3-78 ETAP
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Overview
7
ClickOK.
ln
duction Machine
Ed
itor
-
Mt
r2
Protection Reliability Remarks Comment
Na
me
plate _ _m_ _ M_o_e_ _.___nertJ_a__.___ a_d_ _ _s_1art_D_ v_ _ _s_
1a
_rt_Ca1_ _ _Ca_ l-' -
/V
d \
1 2500 HP 132 kV
Ra
tings
De sign 1Other T 1
0
250iJ
kV 132
i 2ii60
F
LA 90
.1
FL
100
PF 92.53
Efl 97.8
75 50%
9206
89.
11
98
.
66 99
.
09
[ F
LA
[
1
74 n
5125
Slip 0.91 RPM 1784 Poles 4
RPM l
1
800
None
Loading
Moto
r l
oa
d
load
ing
HP kW
kvar
1
00
2500
1906
7813
90 2250
1710 710.5
80 2000
1514 637.9
o o o o
50
12
50
940.7 4792
o o o o
o o o o
o o o o
o o o o
kW
545
44
3.46
o
1.
43
-o
o
o
o
Ope rating Load ·
r o kW
+ j
r o kvar
1-3/C 2 AW G/kcmil 15kV
INL OL
0% 1
00
83.19
192
.53 1
o
o 100
SF
1
Fe e
der L
oss
kvar
141
1.14
0.9
-
o
0.37
o
o
o
o
Tutorial
8 On the Mode toolbar, click the Load Flow Analysis button. ETAP changes to Load Flow Mode.
Mode
[ g
~ e - - r . J l l . . . _ _
r
11
Load
FlowAnalysis
Rwt
LoadFlow
l i]
LF
1006.
• LFrepOlt
~ _ ~ ~
9 On
the Load Flow toolbar,
click
the
Run
Load Flow button.
L
oad
.j i
Note: The study case (solution parameters) for this run is
LF lOOA
and the output report file name is
LFlOORPT
ETAP
3-79
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verview Tutorial
10. Compare the results displayed below for before and after Mtr2
is
added. n ETAP, use the Display
Options
to
change the display.
ETAP
Genl
7.5
MW
3855kW
.t1050kvar t 58kva r 'l.00
.t 537kW h 908kW
::;-N
345kvar
Mtr2
2500 P
1 Load
Flow
Results
Before Motor
Addition 1
3ub2A-N
2267kW
•1712kvar 40kvar
h 908kW h 588kW
763kvar 644kvar
Mtr2 Mtr7
2500 HP 2000 HP
1
Load Flow Results After
Motor
Addition
1
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Oveniew
Tutorial
EnergizedBranchReauired for SV tem Calculation
JnBTAP all systom cah:ulatiom,
S Wh
as Load. Flow,
Short-Cimát, and
Motor Starting.
niquini
to sct
up
the aystcm Y matrix. Jn
ordcr
to setvp tbú malrix, tbe
~
syawm lll1ISt
include at
lcast
onc
bnm:h.
A
brandi in
ETAP is a two-tenninal
ar
thne tamina1 eleme d that bas
non«r
impedance
valucs,
such
as a
c:abla line
two-winding tnmsfmmer,
and
lhnle-wmding lnnsfimnm', eh:. A tie
cin:llitbmabr
is not
considcnd
as a brandisince t
has
2er impedanco
valuo.
Conaidering
the ayatem given
in
Figure 1 below,
it hu
two buaea
but
no branchea. CB-1 is a tie
cimüt
bmnch
widt
7 ero
impedanc:e
value. When
you
nm
du:
Load Flow cah:ulation
in ETAP it
will
give you a
mesaage indicating
the
system bas
no energized braaclles.
BTAP
2
MVAsc
PGl
Bus - 1
0 . 48 kV
Bus
- 2
0 . 48 kV
Mr r
- 1
15
HP
) CB - 1
ToOAti - ?.
5
kVA
Load- 1
5 kVA
Figure 1. Systemwithout Energized
Bnmch
3-81 BTAP 12.
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Tutorial
Jncue you need to pafODD
syatan
calcu a1i0211
on
a
&yBtem
dlá
huno
eneqized
lmmdles,
you
cmm a dummybnmch llllli a dummy
bus
to thc sysU:m u llhown in Figure 2. BTAP will thm
cmy oat sygtan studiea on die system. Pleuenolie1bal addition fdiis clummy
1mm.ch does
not
llffect
c11lc;11letjOD11
llllli
it
will
provide
1he
INllDll reaul fll aa
your
original
system.
2 MVAsc
PGl
20 kW
'.)..00
Bu
s 1
+6 levar
is
kW
+s
kW
Cable
dummy
6 levar o levar
200
f t
'.\.;QO
Bu
s Dymmy
Bu
s 2
'.\,.00
io kW +s
6
levar
o
Mtr 1
15
HP
Load
2
5 kVA
Load 1
5 kVA
kW
levar
Figun: 2. Sy&tem
wi1h
AnEneigized Dummy Branclt