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ESTUARIES
Where a freshwater stream meets the sea & the water level changes with the tides
Also includes where a river or stream meets a large body of water
Example: Old Woman Creek Estuary
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WETLANDS
Areas that range from permanently flooded to periodically saturated soil
Support water-loving plants
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Types of Wetlands
Marshes
Swamps
Mangrove forests
Salt marshes
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Importance of Wetlands
Recharge groundwaterReduce flooding & flood damageFilter water - purify waterProvide habitat & breeding groundsProvide recreationSource of peat & timberBiodiversity
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Wetland loss
More that 50% of wetlands in the continental US have been drained
70% lost in Great Lakes Basin
More than 80% lost in Ohio
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Why Wetland Loss?
Public perception – swamps or wastelands
Economic incentives to develop land
Urban sprawl
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Causes of Wetland Loss & Degradation
Biological Alteration
Remove wetland or riparian vegetation – change to farmland
Introduce non-native (exotic) species
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Causes of Wetland Loss & Degradation
Chemical Alteration
Pollutants & toxic chemicals released – landfills, storage tanks, etc.
Agricultural runoff – pesticides, fertilizers, manure
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Causes of Wetland Loss & Degradation
Physical destructionFilling and draining wetlandsDredging wetlands & stream
channelization (straightening)Constructing dams & reservoirsPeat miningATV recreational use
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Wetlands & Flooding
When we try to control flooding we destroy wetlands.
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The Solution
EDUCATION IS ESSENTIAL