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Essay Styles
by
Piet van der Laan
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Common Essay Styles
Logical division of ideas essays
Process essays
Cause/effect essays
Comparison/contrast essays
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Process Essays
Chronological Order is:
A way of organizing ideas in the order of
their occurrence in time.
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Process Essays
This type of essay is used to:
Explain processes
Explain procedures
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Process Essays
How to organize this essay
Discuss the steps in your process in the order inwhich they occur. Divide the steps into separateparagraphs where natural breaks or groups ofsteps occur.
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Process Essays
How to organize this essay
Example: Making a ceramic vase.I Introductory paragraphII Body
A. Shaping the vaseB. First firingC. GlazingD. Second firing
III Concluding paragraph
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Process Essays
The Thesis Statement:Needs to indicate the time order
the process of …, the procedure for …, etc
Sometimes tells the number of steps in the processFollow these steps to…., …. involves three steps.
May name the steps The main steps in the process of heating water by
solar radiation are (1) trapping the sun’s energy, (2) heating and storing the hot water and (3) distributing the water.
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Cause/Effect Essays
This type of essay is used to:
Discuss the causes (reasons) for something.Discuss the effects (results) of something.Discuss both causes and effects.
Note: This type of essay is often used for answering test questions. For example: Discuss the effects of global warming on the environment.
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Cause/Effect Essays
How to organize this essay:
Block organizationChain organization
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Cause/Effect EssaysBlock Organization
Discuss all the causes as a block. (oneparagraph for each cause)Discuss all the effects as a block. You can also discuss only effects or onlycauses.Sometimes you need a transition paragraph toconclude a section and introduce anothersection.
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Cause/Effect EssaysBlock Organization Example
INTRODUCTION 1st cause 2nd cause 3rd causeTRANSTION PARAGRAPH 1st effect 2nd effectCONCLUSION
Note: There are many different patterns and this is just one of the possibilities. For instance, it’s also possible to start with the effects instead of the causes.
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Cause/Effect EssaysChain Organization
The causes and effects are linked to each otherin a chain.One event causes a second event, which leadsto a third event, and so on.Each cause and its effect are links in the chainYou can devote either one or more links to oneparagraph.
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Cause/Effect EssaysChain Organization Example
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Comparison/Contrast Essays
This type of essay is used to:
Explain the similarities and differences betweentwo items.
Note: This type of essay is often used for answering test questions. For example: Compare the forms of government of Great Britain and the United States.
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Comparison/Contrast Essays
How to organize this essay:
Point-by-Point organizationBlock organization
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Comparison/Contrast Essays
Point-by-Point Organization
Make a list of what is important to youEach point on your list will be a point ofcomparison.Each point of comparison becomes a topic of aparagraph.You can put the paragraphs in any order youwish.
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Comparison/Contrast Essays
How to organize this essay
Example: Deciding between two jobsI Introductory paragraph
Thesis Statement: One way to decide between job offers is to compare them on important points.
II BodyA. SalaryB. BenefitsC. Opportunities for advancement
III Concluding paragraph
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Comparison/Contrast Essays
Block Organization
Arrange all the similarities together in a block.Arrange all the differences together in a block.You could discuss either the differences or thesimilarities firstYou often insert a transition paragraph or atransition sentence between two blocks.
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Comparison/Contrast EssaysHow to organize this essayExample: Deciding between two jobsI Introductory paragraph
Thesis Statement: One way to decide between job offers is to compare them on important points.
II BodyA. Similarities
Benefits
B. DifferencesSalaryOpportunity for advancement
III Concluding paragraph
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Questions?
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This presentation was largely based on information taken from
“Writing Academic English” by
Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue