Download - ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital
![Page 1: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TOPIC 3.2 - RESOURCES AS
NATURAL CAPITAL
Environmental Systems and Societies
Standard Level
http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/natural-resources-for-pro-poor-economic-growth_12c2
![Page 2: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Explain the concept of resources in terms of natural income.
● Natural resources = raw materials from nature
● Natural capital = natural resources with a value to
humans
● Natural income = growth of natural capital
3.2.1
![Page 3: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Explain the concept of resources in terms of natural income.3.2.1
● Natural income is the growth
or yield of natural capital:
○ agricultural harvest
○ growth of timber
○ increase in herd size
● Only exists as long as the
original resource remains in
place
http://owb.ifoam.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/C%CC%A7ocuk1.jpg and http://www.imfn.net/userfiles/Shade%20grown%20coffee%20Kodagu_web.JPG and http://veenome.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/sheep_herd.jpg
![Page 4: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Explain the concept of resources in terms of natural income.3.2.1
http://www.occupy.com/sites/default/files/styles/slide_narrow/public/field/image/greenish-vallery-natural-mountains-switzerland-article.jpg?itok=QRBQN3XS
● How does this image relate to natural capital?
● What about natural income?
![Page 5: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Explain the concept of resources in terms of natural income.
Ecological goods may be
made into products
● metal ores
● minerals
● wood
● animal products
3.2.1
![Page 6: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Explain the concept of resources in terms of natural income.3.2.1
Ecological services aren’t
monetized:
● O2 from photosynthesis
● carbon sequestration
from respiration
● water cycling and
filtration
● flood and erosion controlhttp://www.wsl.ch/fe/oekosystem/gebirgsoekosysteme/themen/vegetation_bodenstabilitaet/Soil_Klosters.jpg and http://faculty.washington.edu/ktorii/images/research/stomata_fig1.jpg
![Page 7: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Define the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.3.2.2
http://www.worldresourcesforum.org/files/images/natural-resources-classification.gif
![Page 8: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Define the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.3.2.2
Renewable natural capital is self-producing (living) and self-maintaining (ecosystems).● Needs solar energy
● can be sold/marketed (wood, ethanol, food)
● some give essential services when left alone ○ elephants (habitat maintenance - NO IVORY!)
○ forests (local temperature and water filtration)
![Page 9: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Define the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.3.2.2
Replenishable natural capital is non-living but is also often dependent on the solar “engine” for renewal.● groundwater
● wind
● ozone layerhttps://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/archive-2012-2013/ozone-layer-our-global-sunscreen/_jcr_content/mainContent/columnsbootstrap/column0/textimage_0/image.img.jpg/1368218980203.jpg
![Page 10: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Define the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.3.2.2
Non-renewable natural capital = any use implies
liquidating (depleting) part of the stock
● minerals
● fossil fuel
● metal ores
Finite supplies will eventually run out!
![Page 11: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
http://www.altenergyshift.com/uploads/gallery/album_9/gallery_1_9_281990.jpg
![Page 12: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Explain the dynamic nature of the concept of a resource.
Dynamic = changing status of a resource over time and/or space due to...● Cultural, economic, and
technological shifts● “Environmental value
systems”● What about ethanol, oil, solar?
3.2.3
http://www.cleanenergyinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/nuclear_cartoon.jpg
![Page 13: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
http://www.cartoonmovement.com/depot/cartoons/2011/01/iL8H1METSMm-kZiqXhb95Q.jpg
![Page 14: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value.
Intrinsic value is the “inward” value of nature regardless of its practical (economic) use to humans.● ethical, spiritual + philosophical
perspectives
● hard to quantify
● How to debate aesthetic value with an
economist?
3.2.4
Photo: Peter Stanley, www.photopoa.com
![Page 15: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value.
Intrinsic value may include● sacred spaces
● beauty (beholder’s eye)
● biodiversity
● rate of depletion
● health benefits
● societal well being
3.2.4
http://ih2.redbubble.net/image.4445686.2924/flat,550x550,075,f.jpg
![Page 16: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Explain the concept of sustainability in terms of natural capital and natural income.
● Living on the ‘interest’ generated by natural capital.
● Using only the growth or increase in resources
● Wisely using and maintaining resources - goods
and/or services
● Not depleting natural capital
● Sustainable = may be continued indefinitely into the
future
3.2.5
![Page 17: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Discuss the concept of sustainable development.
● Brundtland Report (1987): introduced the term “sustainable development”
● Meaning is debatable○ Economists: stable annual return on investment regardless of
the environmental impact.
○ Environmentalists: stable return without environmental degradation.
○ Environmental Value Systems…?
3.2.6
![Page 18: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Discuss the concept of sustainable development.
● UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
● a.k.a. Rio Earth Summit (1992)○ Sustainable development○ Climate change + alternative energy sources○ Production of toxins○ Public transportation○ Water scarcity
3.2.6
http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/enviro.html
![Page 19: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Discuss the concept of sustainable development.3.2.6
http://www.pachamama.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/rio+20-summit-cartoon.jpg
● Largest gathering of governments and NGOs in history.
● Meant to build consensus.
● Successful?
![Page 20: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Discuss the concept of sustainable development.3.2.6
http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02256/rio_2256290b.jpg
Massive activist turnout began modern wave of anti-globalization protests.
![Page 21: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Discuss the concept of sustainable development.3.2.6
http://www.bayshoreteaparty.org/storage/A21-Tyranny-wreath.jpg?__SQUARESPACE_CACHEVERSION=1308525793244
● Agenda 21● Action plan for
sustainable development
● Non-binding, voluntary
● 4 focus sections
![Page 22: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Discuss the concept of sustainable development.3.2.6
http://www.bayshoreteaparty.org/storage/A21-Tyranny-wreath.jpg?__SQUARESPACE_CACHEVERSION=1308525793244
1. combatting poverty
2. Protecting the atmosphere,
forests, and biodiversity
3. Strengthening youth,
women, NGOs, local
authorities, and indigenous
peoples, and farmers.
4. Implementation strategies
![Page 23: ESS Topic 3.2 - Resources as natural capital](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052503/5444527aafaf9f9c098b47a8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Calculate and explain sustainable yield from given data.
● Sustainable yield = rate of increase in natural capital○ what can be used without depleting the original stock○ must be less than natural income○ calculated according to these formulae below:
3.2.7