Download - Epidemiological aspects of GIT disorders
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Epidemiological aspects Epidemiological aspects of GIT disordersof GIT disorders
Dr. Wasantha GunathungaDr. Wasantha Gunathunga
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objectivesobjectives
To describe occurrence of GIT To describe occurrence of GIT disordersdisorders
To discuss factors affecting GIT dis.To discuss factors affecting GIT dis. To discuss preventive aspectsTo discuss preventive aspects
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
The study of distribution and determinants The study of distribution and determinants of health related states or events in of health related states or events in human populationshuman populations
GIT disordersGIT disorders Disorders that manifest predominantly in Disorders that manifest predominantly in
the gastro intestinal systemthe gastro intestinal system
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GIT disordersGIT disorders
Communicable Communicable Non communicable Non communicable
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Occurrence of GIT disorders-Occurrence of GIT disorders-communicablecommunicable
Parasitic Parasitic Helminths – Helminths – hook worm, round worm hook worm, round worm
whip worm, pin wormwhip worm, pin worm
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Occurrence of GIT disorders-Occurrence of GIT disorders-communicablecommunicable
Parasitic Parasitic Amoebas – Amoebas – E.E.
histolitica histolitica Other Other
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Occurrence of GIT disorders-Occurrence of GIT disorders-communicablecommunicable
Bacteria and viruses Bacteria and viruses Gastritis Gastritis Hepatitis Hepatitis EnteritisEnteritis Colitis Colitis Other Other
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Occurrence of GIT disorders-Occurrence of GIT disorders-NonNon--communicablecommunicable
Gastritis, gastric Gastritis, gastric ulcersulcers
MalignanciesMalignancies Ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis Alcohol related Alcohol related
problems problems Other Other
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In Sri Lanka In Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka a community survey of seven In Sri Lanka a community survey of seven districts found 20 – 32 per cent current districts found 20 – 32 per cent current drinkers. In the rural area those who drink drinkers. In the rural area those who drink do so heavily. A survey in eight villages do so heavily. A survey in eight villages showed 71 per cent of respondents showed 71 per cent of respondents drinking daily. Use is higher among poor drinking daily. Use is higher among poor families. 93 per cent of respondents used families. 93 per cent of respondents used locally produced alcohol, which is not locally produced alcohol, which is not reflected in the per capita consumption.reflected in the per capita consumption.
http://www.ias.org.uk/publications/theglobe/01issue3,4/globe0103_04_p4.html
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In Sri LankaIn Sri Lanka
Fifty-seven Sinhalese patients were Fifty-seven Sinhalese patients were investigated for the presence of investigated for the presence of Helicobacter pyloriHelicobacter pylori by PCR. A by PCR. A prevalence of 70.1%, was prevalence of 70.1%, was demonstrated. demonstrated.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=120560
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Levels of preventionLevels of prevention
PrimaryPrimary
SecondarySecondary
Tertiary Tertiary
H- nutr, immH- nutr, imm
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Primary prevention
Host Environment agent Eg. tuberculosis
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Host Host
Age Age SexSex Poor nutritionPoor nutrition HabitsHabits HIVHIV Immunity - BCGImmunity - BCG
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Host Host
Age Age SexSex Poor nutritionPoor nutrition HabitsHabits HIVHIV Immunity – Immunity –
BCG/OPVBCG/OPV
Age :Age : Old age (eg. TB)Old age (eg. TB) Infancy(eg.diarrhoeInfancy(eg.diarrhoe
a) a) Sex:Sex: Male Male femalefemale
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HostHost
Age Age SexSex Poor nutritionPoor nutrition HabitsHabits HIVHIV Immunity - BCGImmunity - BCG
Poor nutritionPoor nutrition Proper infant and Proper infant and
child feedingchild feeding Nutrition during Nutrition during
illnessillness Nutrition in special Nutrition in special
groupsgroups Proper feeding of Proper feeding of
senior citizenssenior citizens
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Host Host
Age Age SexSex Poor nutritionPoor nutrition HabitsHabits HIVHIV Immunity - BCGImmunity - BCG
HabitsHabits Prevention of Prevention of
substance abusesubstance abuse Hygiene (food, Hygiene (food,
dental)dental) Other Other
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HostHost
Age Age SexSex Poor nutritionPoor nutrition HabitsHabits HIVHIV Immunity - BCGImmunity - BCG
Prevention of HIV Prevention of HIV will prevent many will prevent many other infectionsother infections
Immunity –by Immunity –by vaccinations – hep vaccinations – hep B, A, OPV, other.B, A, OPV, other.
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Agent Agent
Prevent drug resistance –proper use Prevent drug resistance –proper use of antibioticsof antibiotics
Look for new forms – mutations, eg. Look for new forms – mutations, eg. New cholera strainsNew cholera strains
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EnvironmentEnvironment
Recognize Recognize occupational occupational exposureexposure
Improve domestic Improve domestic water and food water and food supply supply
Prevent antibiotic Prevent antibiotic residues in foodresidues in food
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secondary preventionsecondary prevention
Surveillance Surveillance ScreeningScreening Complete treatmentComplete treatment
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Surveillance Surveillance
Epidemiological surveillance is the Epidemiological surveillance is the continuous scrutiny of factors that continuous scrutiny of factors that determine the occurrence and determine the occurrence and distribution of diseases or other distribution of diseases or other conditions of ill health. It includes conditions of ill health. It includes systematic collection, analysis, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and distribution of interpretation and distribution of relevant data for action. relevant data for action.
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Approaches of preventionApproaches of prevention
Population approachPopulation approach
High risk approach High risk approach
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