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English Public Speaking Chapter 1
Speaking in Public
复旦大学《英语公众演说》教学团队
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Chapter Highlights
• The Tradition of Public Speaking
• Public Speaking and Intercultural Communicative Competence
• Public Speaking and Critical Thinking
• Public Speaking and Ethics
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True or False? • Public speaking is more highly structured than conversation.
• Critical thinking is a way of thinking negatively about everything you hear in a speech.
• When you adjust to the situation of a public speech, you are doing on a larger scale what you do every day in conversation.
• Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.
• Ethnocentrism is unique to western cultures such as those in the United States and Europe.
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WHAT Is Public Speaking?
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Public Speaking
• A way of verbally sharing your ideas with the audience and of influencing them
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Why do we make a public speech?
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Tradition of Public Speaking • 《尚书》(500 BC), mainly a collection of orations made by
rulers and important ministers from mythical times to the middle of the Western Zhou period
Styles:典、谟、训、诰、誓、命
典:皇帝的政绩可作常法的记载 谟:大臣向皇帝陈述良谋、善策的言辞 训:陈诫帝王的言辞 诰:晓谕帝王的言辞 誓:出师告诫将士的言辞 命:君王所发的命令
• 《战国策》(Western Han D.)
• 《史记》(Western Han D.)
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Tradition of Public Speaking • Oldest known handbook on effective speech, written
on papyrus in Egypt 4,500 years ago
• Central role in civic life in classical Greece and
Rome
Eg. Aristotle’s Rhetoric (c300 BC)
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Public Speaking
& Intercultural Communicative Competence
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Public Speaking & Intercultural
Communicative Competence
• Speech making becomes more complex as cultural
diversity increases.
• What matters is not just linguistic literacy and
fluency, but intercultural literacy and fluency.
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Public Speaking vs Conversation
Similarities
• Organizing your thoughts logically.
• Tailoring your message to the audience.
• Telling a story for maximum impact.
• Adapting to listener feedback.
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Public Speaking vs Conversation
Differences
• Public speaking is more highly structured.
• Public speaking requires more formal language.
• Public speaking requires a different method of delivery.
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Public Speaking & Critical Thinking
• Critical Thinking
-- Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion
• Critical thinking skills improve public speaking skills, and vice versa.
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Elements of public speaking -- The Speech Communication Process
• Speaker
• Message/Opinion and/or information
• Channel
• Audience/Listener (Frame of reference)
• Occasion or situation
• (Feedback: usu nonverbal)
• (Interference: external & internal)
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Speech Communication Process
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How to deliver a good speech?
• A good window does not call attention to itself. It merely lets in the light. Good speakers are like that.
-- Dale Carnegie (1888 – 1955)
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Speaking Assignment • Prepare a 3-minute self-introductory speech (not a
self-introduction) to be presented in Week 4. Use
an object to help introduce yourself to the class.
Submit your script at elearning before Week 4.
Create a title for your speech.
Speech should have a central idea and a
structure including an (a) introduction, (b)
main body, and (c) conclusion.
Rehearse your speech thoroughly to ensure
it is as close as possible to three minutes.
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Reading Assignment for Week 3
Chapter 04 Selecting a Topic and a Purpose Chapter 05 Analyzing the Audience
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Bibliography
1. Brydon, Steven R. & Michael D. Scott. Between One and Many. McGraw-Hill Education. 2008.
2. Johnson, Steven. Winning Debate. Beijing: FLTRP. 2010.
3. King, Larry. How to Talk to Anyone, Anytime, Anywhere: The Secrets of Good Communication.
4. Lucas, Stephen E. The Art of Public Speaking. Beijing: FLTRP. 2004, 2010.
5. Maslow, Abraham H. Motivation and Personality (2nd ed). New York: Harper & Row, 1970)
6. 安秉哲,《怎样进行国际学术演讲》,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2009年。 7. http://www.shortfun.com/michelle-obama-2-5117
8. http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/ps/sites/roughguide/hall_of_fame/pages/david_cameron.shtml
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response
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Sources of pictures http://www.hkcd.com.hk/zt/2009-11/17/content_2430668.htm
http://bulo.hujiang.com/u/7236911/diary/227936/
http://tooopen.com/view/197616.html
https://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/diversity-women-tech-470691426-f.jpg
The End.
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