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Energy Storage Energy Storage ApplicationsApplications at AEP at AEP
Emeka Okafor
American Electric Power
Presentation to SouthWest Electric Distribution Exchange
May 7, 2009
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Outline:Outline:
1. Challenges facing utilities
2. Energy storage to turn some of these challenges into opportunities
3. Energy storage deployment examples at AEP
4. AEP taking deployment of energy storage to the next level
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Challenges to the Utility BusinessChallenges to the Utility Business
Customer-controlled renewable DG on AEP grid has grown from 1kW to 1MW in a decade. It is expected to exceed 1GW in the next decade.
Customer renewable DG is intermittent, often not available when needed and out of utility control.
Utilities need a buffer between customer-controlled DG and electric grid.
Increasing demand for improved service quality and reliability
PHEV load (grid impact)
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Converting Challenges to OpportunitiesConverting Challenges to Opportunities
Energy Storage:
Buffers between unpredictable customer generation and grid
Decouples load from generation
And offers other benefits as well …
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2006 2006 - - Battery in a Substation for Capital DeferralBattery in a Substation for Capital Deferral
Installed 1MW, 7.2 MWh of NAS battery on a feeder to defer building a new substation for three years
Daily Peak Shaving –summer
Three years of operation
Tyler Mountain Feeder12 kV bus
North Charleston Feeder
West Washington FeederVoltage Regulator
46kV/12kV Transformer
12/16/20 MVA
46 kV bus
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Peak shaving (load leveling).Peak shaving (load leveling).
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Increased Reliability with Dynamic IslandingIncreased Reliability with Dynamic Islanding(Backup Power) for new installations(Backup Power) for new installations
Three installations (2008): Churubusco, IN (2MW, 14.4MWh) Bluffton, OH (2MW, 14.4MWh) Milton, WV. (2MW, 14.4MWh)
Loss of power. Pick up island. Power electronics and communication. Return load to grid when fault is cleared.
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• 2MW, 14.4 MWh in Bluffton, Ohio
• Two other identical sites in West Virginia and Indiana (2008)
• All with dynamic islanding
2008 Projects 2008 Projects – To Improve Service Reliability
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2MW, 14.4 MWh in Milton, WV
2008 Projects 2008 Projects – To Improve Service Reliability
2MW, 14.4 MWh in Churubusco, IN
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Load Following - with new battery installations.
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PERCENTAGE OF CUSTOMER OUTAGES THAT MAY BE REDUCED WITH BACKUP POWER.
(AEP OHIO 2008)
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >8
Hours
Cu
sto
mer
s R
esto
red
Percentage of Customers restored within 7 hours is
95.34%
Percentage of Customers restored within 7 hours is
95.34%
7 hours of backup power will ensure that over 95 percent of AEP Ohio customers will not experience an outage.
Assumption: excludes traditional major events and momentary outages.
Benefit of Islanding – How many hours of Benefit of Islanding – How many hours of backup power is needed?backup power is needed?
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East Busco Station Battery Islanding Zones.East Busco Station Battery Islanding Zones.
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System Normal :System Normal :Grid connected. Battery disconnected.Grid connected. Battery disconnected.
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Fault at F8; loss of grid power. All reclosers Fault at F8; loss of grid power. All reclosers and switches in the island open.and switches in the island open.
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Battery picks up island based on last load information.Battery picks up island based on last load information.
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Grid power restored.Grid power restored.
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Battery disconnected. Load connected back to the grid.Battery disconnected. Load connected back to the grid.
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Building on Success …Building on Success …
AEP is very pleased with the performance of its substation batteries …
But we need to get MORE out of energy storage:
• More value to our customers
• Better cost by leveraging the electric transportation
• Better fit into Smart Grid, the way of future utilities
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Community Energy Storage (CES)Community Energy Storage (CES)
Uses New or Used PHEV batteries – Low Cost
Offers All Values of Substation Batteries when aggregated,
Offers Backup Power to customers
Buffers Customer Renewable Generation
Makes PHEV Charging Time an irrelevant issue
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or small commercial loads for:
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Value Associated with Storage Locations on the Grid
120/240 V69 kV 4 to 34 kV 480 V138 kV345 kV765 kV
Storage Value
Devaluators: Limited Value to Customer High Security Risk Does not remove Grid Constraints
Devaluators: Aesthetics O&M?
CES(Community Energy Storage)
NAS(Substation Battery)
CentralGeneration
Load
Distribution circuits appear to offer most value for hosting storage
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CES Key Functions CES Key Functions
Local Controls/Benefits:
1) Backup power for the local need of the few houses connected to it
2) Voltage correction
Grid Controls/Benefits:
3) Load Leveling based on substation and grid needs
4) Power Factor Correction
5) Ancillary services through further aggregation at the grid level
Utility Dispatch Center /SCADA CES Control Hub
Station
Power Lines Communication and Control Links
CES Units CES Units
Integration Platform
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Advantages of Using PHEV BatteryAdvantages of Using PHEV Battery
1. Safe for public deployment
2. Low cost- Fierce global competition- US national priority- Option to use used PHEV batteries
3. Compact
4. Reliable
5. Efficient
6. Wide operating temperature
7. Easy recycling & lower environmental issues
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Advantages of CES to Substation BatteryAdvantages of CES to Substation Battery
1. Higher electric service reliability to customers
2. Easier installation (a 240 V appliance)
3. Easier maintenance (lower required skills)
4. More likely to be a standardized commodity
5. Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
6. Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
7. A better fit into the Smart Grid programs
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CES Key Specifications CES Key Specifications
Key Parameters Value
Power (active and reactive) 25 kVA
Energy 50 kWh
Voltage 120V / 240V
Round Trip AC Energy Efficiency
> 85%
Life > 3000 cycles, 15 years
Audible Noise < 48dBA (no fans or filters)
Size Comparable to a 25kVA transformer
Most common distribution transformer size in AEP is a 25kVA unit that serves 3-5 houses.
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CES Cost ForecastCES Cost Forecast
PHEV, and its battery development, is a US National Priority as well as having extensive global competition
Pending the successful market penetration of PHEV, CES cost forecast over the next five years is:
$1000 /kW Commodity Pricing will keep this number low
or
$500 /kWh PHEV penetration will push this number down
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Putting It Together on DistributionPutting It Together on Distribution
DistributionOperations
Utility Operations Customer Premise
Adapted from EPRI source image
PHEV
CustomerPortal or Meter
LG Electronics
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Putting It All Together - The Virtual Power Plant
2015 and Beyond
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Conclusions.Conclusions.
• Energy Storage will be essential to meet the needs of the future grid.
• AEP has shown success with the use of NAS substation battery.
• AEP sees greater value to using Community Energy Storage to meet these new demands.
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Questions?
2015 and Beyond