![Page 1: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy ResourcesDr. Fahad Noor Engr. Adnan Qamar
Assosciate Professor Lecturer
![Page 2: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Course Contents Introduction to Biomass Conversion
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass
Pyrolysis
Gasification and Combustion
Biological Conversion of Biomass
Biogas production and Ethanol Production
Densification of Biomass
Environmental Impacts
2
![Page 3: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Today’s Topic Characteristics of Biomass
Introduction to Biogas
Production of Biogas
Important statistics
3
![Page 4: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
![Page 5: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
![Page 6: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
![Page 7: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
![Page 8: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
![Page 9: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
![Page 10: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
![Page 11: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
![Page 12: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
![Page 13: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
![Page 14: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
![Page 15: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
![Page 16: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
![Page 17: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
![Page 18: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
![Page 19: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
![Page 20: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What is biogas?
• A mixture of methane and carbon dioxide
CH4
CO2 • Methane or ‘swamp gas’, produced naturally in swampy ponds
What is this?
21
![Page 22: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What is Biogas? It is similar to natural gas.
• 50-70% methane;
• 30-40% carbon dioxide;
• Insignificant amounts of oxygen and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
• Biogas burns without soot or ash being produced
• Methane is a combustible gas
Methane is the important product. It can be burned as fuel, just like natural gas.
22
![Page 23: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Anaerobic Digestion in a Diagram
23
![Page 24: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Image courtesy of Community Composting Network 24
![Page 25: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What is it used for?
• Biogas is a fuel used as an energy source for light, heat or transportation
?
25
![Page 26: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic waste by bacteria without oxygen (anaerobic digestion or fermentation).
How is it made?
Leftover food from houses,
shops, restaurants and factories
Cow, sheep and chicken manure Sewage
Leftover meat and blood from abattoirs
Leftover straw and crops from farming
26
![Page 27: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Biogas is made by fermenting organic waste in a biogas digester.
Digesters vary from small household systems…
How is it made?
27
![Page 28: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Holsworthy Biogas Plant, Devon
….to large commercial plants of several thousand cubic metres
28
![Page 29: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• It can also be captured from landfill sites where organic waste has been rotting under the ground
29
![Page 30: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
History of Biogas
• One of the oldest forms of renewable energy
• Marco Polo mentioned the use of the technology. Probably goes back 2000-3000 years ago in ancient Chinese literature
• The earliest evidence of use in Assyria (10th century BC)
30
![Page 31: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
History of Biogas
• Jan Baptita Van Helmont determined in 1630 that flammable gases could evolve from decaying organic matter.
• Anaerobic digestion first described by Benjamin Franklin 1764.
• Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying organic matter and amount of flammable gas produced.
• In 1808, Sir Humphrey Davy determined that methane was present in the decay process.
31
![Page 32: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
History of Biogas Cont’d
• First digestion plant was built in 1859 in Bombay, India for a leper colony
• Exeter, England, in 1895: biogas used to power street lamps
• 1920’s and 30’s interest in anaerobic digestion increased
32
![Page 33: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Examples of Digesters Around the World
Costa Rica
33
![Page 34: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Digesters Around the World (cont’d)
India (ARTI)
34
![Page 35: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Digesters Around the World (cont’d)
United StatesPrinceton, Minnesota Princeton, Minnesota
35
![Page 36: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Digesters Around the World (cont’d)
Digester (used in India and China)
36
![Page 37: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
What Type of Waste Produces Biogas?
• Any organic waste can produce biogas
• Human, manure, fruit and vegetable waste
What Type of Waste Does NOT Produces Biogas?
• Fiber rich waste such as wood, leaves, etc. are difficult to digest
• Heavy metals
• Inorganic materials in high concentration (Nitrate, Sodium, Sulphate, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, etc)
37
![Page 38: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
How Much Biogas Can I Get From My Waste?
• Amount of biogas depends on the waste itself and design of the digester.
• Some digesters can yield 20 liters of biogas per kilogram of waste up to 800 liters per kilogram.
• Factors: waste quality, digester design, temperature, system operation, presence of oxygen.
38
![Page 39: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
How Much Energy is in Biogas?
• Average fuel value of methane = 1000 BTU/ft3
• Average fuel value of propane = 2500 BTU/ft3
• 1 BTU/ft3 = 37.2589 KJ/m3
39
![Page 40: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
How Much Energy is in Biogas?
• Therefore, using the SI system, Fuel Value units:
• FV methane = 1000 * 37.2589 KJ/m3 = 37258.9 KJ/m3
• FV propane = 2500 * 37.2589 KJ/m3 = 93147.3 KJ/m3
• FV propane / FV methane = 2.5
• When both fuels are burned completely, propane produces 2.5 times more energy per unit of volume.
40
![Page 41: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
How Much Biogas Do I Need?
• For Example: We want 40 lbs of propane-equivalent per week.
• Biogas is 50-70% methane, 30-50% CO2 and 5-15% N2, H2, etc.
• 40 lbs propane * 2.5 = 100 lbs of methane
• 100 lbs of methane / 60% = 166.67 lbs of biogas
41
![Page 42: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Obstacles
Economic: Keeping it inexpensive
Time
Equipment: Limited
Weather: When it rains, it pours!
Problem Solving
• Recycled materials
• Solve energy crisis
42
![Page 43: Energy Resources - Engr. Adnan Qamarengineersedge.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/8/0/4680709/biomass-1-m.s… · •Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found a correlation between amount of decaying](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022063015/5fd2567219a749740e738027/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Thank You
10/19/2019 43