Download - Energy Flow in Ecosystems
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MRS. SANDY GÓMEZ
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Are the feeding relationships between organisms.
A Food Chain is: transfer of food energy from its source (plants and
other autotrophs) through herbivores (primary consumers) to carnivores (secondary and tertiary consumers)
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction (sun → producers → consumers)
Food chain – a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Food chains are never isolated, they hook together to make food webs.
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Energy Flow in EcosystemsFood web – a network
of complex feeding interactions
Trophic levels – each step in a food chain or food web 1st – producers 2nd – primary
consumers 3rd – secondary
consumers 4th – tertiary consumers
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
What transforms a food chain into a food web? A species appears into
the web in more than one trophic level
Most consumers are not exclusive May appear as
carnivores, omnivores, etc
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Trophic Levels in
Food Chains
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Trophic levels are the levels in a food chain.
Food chains are limited to 4-5 trophic levels.
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Types of ecological pyramids: Energy Pyramid – shows the amount of energy available
at each trophic level Only about 10% of the energy is transferred to the next level
Biomass Pyramid – shows the amount of living tissue within each trophic level
Pyramid of numbers – shows the number of organisms at each trophic level
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Energy Flow in EcosystemsEnergy Pyramid:
Shows the lost of energy from one level to the next. Trophic levels are stacked in blocks.
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Energy Flow in EcosystemsBiomass Pyramid Shows the
total dry weight of all organisms in a trophic level
Most of this narrow sharply from base to top
In some aquatic ecosystems pyramids are inverted
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Energy Flow in EcosystemsNumber Pyramid
Shows the exact amount of organisms at each trophic level in the ecosystem
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
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CLASSWORK
Make a diagram showing the main trophic levels
Give 2 examples of terrestrial food chains