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Energy Efficient Lighting Technologies, Standards and Potential
Savings
Tbilisi, 15 December 2015
B U I L D I N G P A R T N E R S H I P S F O R E N E R G Y S E C U R I T Y
www.inogate.org
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Lighting technologies
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Global impact of lighting products
• Lighting responsible for 15% of global
electricity consumption
• More than the combined output of the
world’s nuclear power stations
• Overnight switch to LED lights globally
could remove need for 250 coal fired
power plants tomorrow
Source: CEM, 2015
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All lighting
Domestic sector
(household)
Tertiary sector
(commercial)Street
Non-directional
Directional
Segmentation of lighting technologies used
by EU Regulations
Office
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Domestic non-directional lighting
technologies
Incandescent
a.k.a. GLS
Halogen CFL LED
200 lumen 200 lumen 200 lumen 200 lumen
40 W 28 W 11 W 2 W
1,500 hrs 2,500 hrs 15,000 hrs 25,000 hrs
Banned
(still available)
€2.00
Phase out 2017
€4.85 €4.40
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Directional or Non-directional?
Source: Lighting Europe, 2013
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Domestic directional lighting technologies
Incandescent
(GLS)
Tungsten halogen
(MV and LV)
LED
400 Lumens 400 Lumens 400 Lumens
40 W 40 W 6 W
1,500 hrs 2,500 hrs 25,000 hrs
€1.30 €1.50 €9.00
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Commercial lighting technologies
• Commercial lighting is available in a very wide range of types
and sizes
• Correspondingly, lumens, watts and prices vary widely too
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Related equipment – can be sold separately
or be integrated into products
Ballasts
Lamp holder
Control gear
Fluorescent lamp starters
Luminaire
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Street lighting technologies
High Pressure
mercury vapour
High Pressure
Sodium
Metal halide LED
24,000 lumens 27,500 lumens 36,000 lumens 15,000 lumens
500W 250 W 400 W 150 W
18,000 hrs 18,000 hrs 12,500 hrs 75,000 hrs
Rel. inexpensive,
mercury!
Rel. inexpensive Rel. inexpensive Rel. expensive
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Electricity Consumption for LightingEU-28, TWh in 2013 (VHK, MELISA model)
• Largest energy user in lighting is Linear Fluorescent – 35%• Second largest user is high-intensity discharge (HID) – 17%• Compact fluorescent is also significant with 7% of energy
382.3 TWh
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The Future is LED
• LED bulbs are a far superior technology
• Prices are falling
• Light quality is improving
• Efficiency is improving
• Lifespans are at least 10x greater than
incandescent and halogen bulbs
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Growing LED market
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Industry refocus to LED
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COP21 10 Billion LEDs Goal
• Announced on 7 December, 2015 at COP21
• Commitments from China, India, US, Ikea Group
• Support from Phillips, Osram, Cree
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Harmonised European Measurement
Standards
• What are measurement standards?
• What are harmonised measurement
standards?
• How are they used?
• Are there any relevant to lighting?
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European Measurement Standards
Relevant to Lighting
• EN 60064: ‘Tungsten filament lamps for domestic and similar general lighting purposes - Performance requirements’.
• EN 13032-1 (2004), Lighting applications — Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires — Part 1:
Measurement and file format
• EN 12464-1 (2004): ‘Light and Lighting Lighting of indoor work places.’
• EN 12665 (2002): ‘Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements’
• prEN 15193 (2006): ‘Energy performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting’.
• EN 13201-3: Road Lighting. Calculation of performance
• EN 13201-4: Road Lighting. Methods of measuring lighting performance
• EN 60598-1: Luminaires Part 1 : General requirements and tests
• EN 60598-2-3: Luminaires –Part 2-3 : Particular requirements –Luminaires for road and street lighting
• EN 60901: Single-capped fluorescent lamps – Performance specifications
• EN 60081 : ‘Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Performance specifications’.
• EN 60921: Ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps – Performance requirements
• EN 50294 : ‘Measurement Method of Total Input Power of Ballast-Lamp Circuits’.
• EN 60923: Auxiliaries for lamps – Ballasts for discharge lamps (excluding tubular fluorescent lamps) – Performance requirements
• EN 60927: Specification for auxiliaries for lamps. Starting devices (other than glow starters). Performance requirements
• EN 60929: AC-supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps – Performance requirements
• EN 61048 : Auxiliaries for Lamps - Capacitors for Use in Tubular Fluorescent and Other Discharge Lamp Circuits - General and Safety
Requirements
• EN 61167: Metal halide lamps –Performance
• EN 62035: Discharge Lamps (Excluding Fluorescent Lamps) - Safety Specifications
• There are a lot of measurement and performance standards
in Europe
• Developed by CEN, CENELEC, ETSI – European standard
bodies
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Example energy saving potential
• Lamp level (x1)
• Household level (x15)
LED (4W) Halogen (40W)
1000 hrs/yr 1,000 hrs/yr
4 kWh/yr 40 kWh/yr
£0.48 per year £4.80 per year
LED (4W) Halogen (40W)
1000 hrs/yr 1,000 hrs/yr
60 kWh/yr 600 kWh/yr
£7.20 per year £72.00 per year
10x the amount of energy/cost using Halogen versus LED
downlights
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Example energy saving potential
• UK level (30M households)
• Energy saving potential: 16,200 GWh / yr
• Cost saving potential: £1.94 Billion / yr
• V. simple assumptions! – No time profile, no discounting
LED (4W) Halogen (40W)
60 kWh/yr 600 kWh/yr
1,800 GWh / yr 18,000 GWh / yr
£216M / yr £2,160M / yr
10x the amount of energy/cost using Halogen versus LED
downlights
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Time Profile
• Policy appraisal period 1980 – 2030
• Start depends on product lifetime
• Stock versus flow
• 1980 sales = 1M bulbs
• Assume 1 year lifetime
• Normal distribution assumption
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Energy saving potential:
Georgia
• How do we do it?
• Scenario analysis
– Baseline
– Policy options
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Example outputs
• Increasing energy consumption over time (due to GLS/ halogens)
• Various policy scenarios show decreases due to phase out of
GLS/low efficiency halogens and uptake of LEDs
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Energy saving potential:
Georgia
• Data inputs (for each technology)
– Stock/sales (units per annum)
– Usage (hrs per year)
– Lifespan (years)
– Average unit energy demand (W)
– Average price per unit (GEL)
• Discussion on data sources on Day 2
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Example outputs
• Business as
usual (BAU)
• High uptake of
directional
halogens
• Ecodesign
impacts
• GLS phased
out by 2014
• LED market
share greater
than BAU
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Cost benefit analysis
• What is it?
• How to do it?
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Cost benefit analysis
• Direct vs indirect costs and benefits
• Proportionate approach
• Typical costs and benefits:
Type Direct impacts from Ecodesign Regulations
Cost Marginal product price
Benefit Value of energy saved
Benefit Value of CO2e emissions avoided
Benefit Value of improvements to air quality
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Example outputs
• Assume
manufacturers
pass costs to
consumers
• Heat
replacement
effect
• Discounted
using 3.5% rate
(UK Govt.
requirements)
• CO2 and AQ
benefits use UK
Govt. provided
valuations.
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Heat Replacement Effect
• Used for domestic settings
• More efficient light products = less waste
heat
• Heat system needs to top up due to
reduced waste heat
• Factors developed by UK’s Market
Transformation Programme
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Sensitivity Analysis
• Used for data inputs with low confidence
• Allows creation of a range of outputs in
addition to a central value
• Ex. Potential energy savings of 5-10 GWh
per year instead of 6.78 GWh
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Example outputs
• Simple illustration of sensitivity test of ‘use’ values and their
impact on energy savings.
0
50
100
150
200
250
201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030
GW
h
Year
Sensitivity test: Change usage inputs (+10%, -10%)
OCBA
OCBA maximum
OCBA minimum
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We need your help to source data!
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INOGATE Technical Secretariat
Thank you for listening
Any questions?
James Gardiner, Senior Technical Expert
Thomas Ramsson, Senior Technical Expert
Visit web portal: www.inogate.org