Download - Energy: Conservation and Transfer
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Energy: Conservation and
Transfer
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Matter
• Anything that takes up space and has mass
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Mass
• The amount of matter in an object
• The gram is the metric unit for mass
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Physical Properties of Matter
Observable characteristics that can change without changing their chemical composition.
• Like the Commutative property in math.
• Example: Shredded paper, cut up fruit, lava
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States of Matter
• Condensation
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
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• Melting Point – The temperature at which solid matter turns to liquid.
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• Boiling Point – The temperature at which liquid matter experiences the same pressure as the atmospheric pressure.
• Freezing Point – The temperature at which liquid matter turns to solid.
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Chemical Property
A change in matter that produces new substances.
Examples:
• Ability to burn• Wood to ash
• Ability to rust/ react with oxygen• Metal to rust
• Ability to form a new substance with chemical composition different than the original substance.
• Digestion of food
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Conduction
• Conduction is the transfer of heat from one molecule to another through a substance. Metals are considered good conductors since they can speedily transfer heat. Stone is also a moderately good conductor, but wood, paper, air, and cloth are poor heat conductors.
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Convection
Transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids or gases.
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Radiation
• The energy radiated by solids, liquids, and gases in the form of electromagnetic waves as a result of their temperature.
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Transfer
• to convey or remove from one object, place, person, etc., to another.
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Electromagnetic Waves
• Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field (shown as blue arrows) couples with a magnetic field (shown as red arrows).
• When you listen to the radio, watch TV, or cook dinner in a microwave oven, you are using electromagnetic waves.
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Thermal Energy
Thermal energy is the energy of a substance due to the movement of its atoms or molecules. More the molecules are moving about, the higher the temperature.
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Convection Cell
• Moving body of fluid due to the rise of heat and fall (gravity) of cool gases until the heat is no longer heated. (Ex. Current/cycle)
• Convection cells are responsible for making macaroni rise and sink in a pot of boiling water. One of the forces that contributes to lava erupting from a volcano is convection.