ELI Nuclear Physics WorkshopMagurele
Feb. 1. 2010Gérard Mourou
ELI Integrated Infrastructure
CZ Prague
HO Szeged
RO Bucarest
The ELI’s Ultimate Scientific Goal:“ Study of the structure of matter from Atom
to Vacuum “
Photonuclear Physics:Photonuclear Physics:Exploring Nuclei with LaserExploring Nuclei with Laser
Rel
ativ
istic
Ultr
a R
elat
ivis
tic
Rel
ativ
istic
Com
pres
sion
EQ=mpc2
Ultra-relativistic intensity isdefined with respect to the proton EQ=mpc2, intensity~1024W/cm2
NL Optics
QCD ~1035W/cm2
ELI Cardinal Features
• Ultra High intensity• Relativistic and ultrarelativistic regime• Ultrashort Pulse of high energy radiations and
particles because(Power-Pulse Duration Conjecture)
• Pristine synchronization between beams within a fraction of the period
• Unique laser properties:
- ultrahigh fields
- ultrashort pulses
• Novel techniques:
- production of brilliant photon beams
Peak Power -Pulse Duration Conjecture
1) To get high peak power you must decrease the pulse duration.
2) To get short pulses you must increase the intensity
Q-Switch, DyeI=kW/cm2
Modelocking, DyeI=MW/cm2
Mode-Locking KLMI=GW/cm2
MPII>1013W/cm2
Laser Pulse Duration vs. Intensity
Relativistic and Ultra R Atto, zepto….?
RelativisticRelativistic Optics Optics
r F =q
r E +
r v c
∧r B
⎛ ⎝ ⎜
⎞ ⎠ ⎟
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
a)Classical optics v<<ca)Classical optics v<<c , , b) Relativistic optics v~cb) Relativistic optics v~c
x~ax~aoo
z~az~aoo22
aa00<<1, a<<1, a00>>a>>a002 2 aa00>>1, a>>1, a00<<a<<a0022
a0 =eA0
mc2=
eE0λmc2
Relativistic Rectification(Wake-Field Tajima, Dawson) sE
r+ -
1) pushes the electrons.
2) The charge separation generates an electrostatic longitudinal field. (Tajima and Dawson: Wake Fields or Snow Plough)
3) The electrostatic field
r F Bz
=qr v c
∧r B
⎛ ⎝ ⎜
⎞ ⎠ ⎟
r v ∧
r B
Es=cγmoωp
e= 4πγmoc
2ne
Es≈EL
Front and back acceleration mechanisms
Peak energy scales as : EM ~ (IL×)1/2
C
Vp ~0
Vp ~C
C
Non relativistic ions
Relativistic ions >1024 Photons
Photons
Ep ~ I1/2
Ep ~ I
The Ultra relativistic:Relativistic Ions
High Energy Radiation
Betatron oscillation X-ray laser
Harmonic generation Thomson/Compton Scattering
Radiation reaction
Attosecond pulse generation by Relativistic Compression
€
ε =1−ω 2
p
γ 0ω2
where γ 0 = 1+ a0
2
Scalable Isolated Attosecond Pulses
Amplitude, a
1D PIC simulations in boosted frame
Duration,
t (as) 2D: a=3, 200as
tas)=600/a0
I=1022W/cm2 (Hercules)
l=1019W/cm2 (3
laser)
optimal ratio: a0/n0=2, or exponential gradient due to wcr=w0a-1/2
n0= n/ncr
Attosecond Electron Bunches
N. Naumova, I. Sokolov, J. Nees, A. Maksimchuk, V. Yanovsky, and G. Mourou, Attosecond Electron Bunches, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 195003 (2004).
Attosecond pulse train
Attosecond bunch train
25÷30 MeV
a0=10, t=15fs, f/1, n0=25ncr
D. Habs
Expectations
• Romania must do its share. It must become the world premier facility in Laser-Based Nuclear Physics.
• Must become a recognized pan-european Infrastructure, with collaboration from the ELI Partners (Cz, Hu, De, Fr, UK, …..) and beyond.