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Electromechanical Battery for Rural Power Supplies
By
D.Johnson, M.Malengret and P.Pillay+
+Clarkson University, ECE Dept., Potsdam, NY, 13699.
University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Types of storage
• Chemical- batteries
• Potential- pumped storage, pneumatic, magnetic
• Kinetic- flywheels
• Electrical- supercapacitors
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Electrical Power and Energy Storage Comparison
1
10
100
1000
10000
100 1 000 10 000 100 000 1 000 000Specific Power (W / kg)
Specific Energy(W-h/kg)
Petrol
HydrogenBatteries
Flywheels
Projected CarbonCapacitors
ProjectedMetal Oxide CapacitorsDOE Ultra-capacitor target
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Storage by kinetic energy
• Flywheel
• Bearings
• Motor/generator
• Enclosure
• Converter
• Controller
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Berger and Porat [1] Piecewise definition of exact optimal shapes
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Thin walled cylinder
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Ultimate speed Flywheel
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The six degrees of freedom of a body
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Radial magnetic bearing
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Axial Bearing
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A
A'
B B'
C
C'
Model of motor
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Motor with Halbach Array
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Actual Flux reading with a Gauss meter
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Material max
[MPa]U[W-h/kg]
Uoptimal
[W-h/kg]Mild Steel 240 4.2 8.1Aluminium 85 4.5 8.6Mar. steel 1000 47 89.3E-glassEpoxy
760 73 139
Graphite /Epoxy
4200 327 621
E-glass fibre 1700 190 -Graphite fibre 7000 545 -
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Prototype dual rim composite flywheel
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Encoder disk with optical pickups
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Three phase full bridge converter
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Brushless EMB prototype suspended on modified roller bearings
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Brushless EMB prototype with vacuum containment suspended on magnetic bearings
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Windings VL-L (Delta Connected) VL-L (Star Connected)
14 24 41.6
20 34.3 59.4
25 42.9 74.3
Maximum estimated Voltages for different stator windings
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Conclusions
• Overview of storage technologies
• Magnetic bearings
• Brushless dc machine
• Drive schematic
• Test Results