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ElectricityIt’s Shocking!!
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Current Electricity
Current Electricity is a constant flow of electrons through a circuit. There are three main parts to a circuit.
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Power SupplyThe power supply provides electrons to flow around a
circuit. There are many types of power supplies…AC power supplies, batteries, and generators. We’ll mostly use batteries. The symbol for a power supply depends on the type, but we’ll use the battery symbol for all our power supplies. The long and short lines always come as a pair, the long side being the positive side and the short side as the negative. The number of pairs represents the number of cells in the battery. The output of a power supply is measured in Volts, or Joules/Coulomb. The equation for finding voltage is
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WireWire’s job is to carry the electrons, or current, around the circuit. Wire is always drawn as a straight line. The current is measured in Amperes (or Amps) which is a Coulomb/second. Current is found by taking the charge divided by the time it takes that charge to pass, or
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ResistanceResistance in a circuit can be anything from a resistor to an appliance to a house or business….it all depends on the circuit! There are many symbols for resistance, but we will always use the generic resistance symbol. A resistor opposes current. The units of resistance are Ohms, and the symbol is a Greek letter Omega Ω.
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Ohm’s LawThe most used equation in current electricity is Ohm’s Law. It relates Voltage (V), Current (I) and Resistance (R).
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Types of Circuits•There are three types of circuits: simple, series, and parallel.
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Simple CircuitA simple circuit contains a power supply, a single resistor and wire.
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Series CircuitA series circuit contains a power supply, wire, and two or more resistors. The resistors are connected by a single wire, one after another. A series circuit has low current, and disconnecting one resistor opens the circuit. The equations governing a series circuit are:
VT = V1 + V2
IT = I1 = I2RT = R1 + R2
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Parallel CircuitA parallel circuit is made from a power supply, wire, and two or more resistors connected on both sides. The resistors are side-by-side. A parallel circuit has high current, and each resistor can be disconnected without disconnecting the entire circuit. The equations governing a parallel circuit are:VT = V1 = V2
IT = I1 + I21/RT =1/R1 + 1/R2