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Secondary Containment for Concrete Structures, A Review
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The Need for Secondary Containment
EPA, local and state regulations
Liability and public relations issues
Protection of the environment
Reliable structural protection
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Reliable Structural Protection
Protection of concrete from spills of acids and alkali
Protection from erosion in sluiceways and trenches
Protection from thermo cycling from steam cleaning
Waterproofing floor decks
What Is ”Effective Secondary Containment" ?
Crack bridging over both existing and newly developing cracks
Make concrete impermeable to chemical infiltration
Resistance to chemical attack for the duration of the spill without damage to the lining
Condition of the containment system after the spill is cleaned up
The Technology
Thermoset Polymer Systems Flexible Elastomers Combination SystemsSemi-Flexible ThermoplasticsElasti- Liner
Rigid Thermoset Polymers
Epoxies: Amine, NovolacPolyesters & Vinyl EstersUnreinforced/Reinforced
Rigid Thermoset Polymers
Monolithic when reinforced with fiberglass with no seams or joints
Sprayable systems using laminar flakes for reinforcement and permeation resistance
Epoxies in strong alkalines Polyesters in acidic environments
Vinyl Esters in acid to alkaline with solvent resistance.
Novolac Epoxy strong mineral acid, caustics and solvents
Resistance to weathering and ultraviolet light No crack bridging
Flexible Elastomers
Polyurethane PolyureaPolysulfides (Joint Sealants)
POLYURETHANE
Two part spray applied Moisture sensitiveLow permeation resistanceGood weatheringDiluted Acids, Alkali & Oils
POLYUREA
Rapid cure onlyMoisture insensitiveHigh temperature compared to Polyurethane
Poor weatheringSwells in oil and solventsHigh modulus (less elastic)
Polysulfides (Joint Sealants)
Techni-Plus Flex 3 from KCC Corrosion Control
Crack Sealant for low cost minimum containment
Poor UV StabilityGood in oils poor in acids
Combination Systems
Plate Glass over a Mattress
Concrete Substrate
Fiberglass OverlayElastomeric Basecoat
Rigid Chemical Resitant Topcoat
Flexible Thermoplastics
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Polyvinyl. Chloride (PVC)OTHER
HDPE
Used over soil for Pond liners and liners for Landfills
Difficult to use when liners have pipe penetrations
Non adhered to concreteUV Problems
Polyvinyl. Chloride (PVC)
Non adhered to concrete: shop made “drop in liner”
Used for primary tank linersUseful for secondary
containment in small indoor applications
UV Problems
OTHER
HYPALONFEP -Fluorinated Ethylene
PropylenePVDF- Polyvinylidene
Elasti-Liner from KCC Corrosion Control
Elasti-Liner
Breakthrough in polymer chemistry Secondary containment of the most corrosive
chemicals used in industry today Excellent elongation and tensile properties Chemical resistance equal to or superior to the
rigid and thermoplastic polymers. Spray, roller, or squeegee applied 250% elongation but will resist immersion of
unlimited duration in aggressive aqueous chemistry
Vaaler Award Winner 1995 , 1997
Cracked Containment Lining Before:
Elasti - Liner Installed over Cracked Lining
Elasti - Liner Joint
Elasti - Liner Joint
Extruded version in 5” wide rubber like tape
Chemically adhered to new or old concrete, polymer or steel
Crack bridging of 250 mils for expansion joints, construction joints and or cracks in foundations
Resists immersion in aggressive aqueous chemistry
Testing Crack Bridging Systems
Test method which best duplicates actual conditions:
Demonstrates very slow movement of the lining from two distinct starting points
Lining is covering an existing crack and over an uncracked surface where a new crack is induced.
Comparison of Materials
PERFORMANCE RATINGS OF POLYMERS COMMONLY USED IN SECONDARY CONTAINMENT ON CONCRETE
Materials Tensile Crack Weathering Chemical
Elongation Bridging Resistance
Epoxies 1% - 8% poor good goodEpoxy Novola 1% - 5% poor good excellentVinyl Esters 1% - 3% poor good excellentPolyester 1% - 3% poor good goodPolysulfides 200% - 400%good poor poorPolyurethane 200% - 300%good good fairPolyurea 200% - 400% fair fair
goodFlex. Plastic 100% - 200% good fair goodElasti-Liner 250% excellent
excellent excellent
Comparative Costs
Rigid Unreinforced Coatings $3.00 - $8.00 per square foot
Rigid Reinforced Linings $8.00 - $12.00 per square foot
Rigid Reinforced over flexible basecoat $8.00 - $12.00 per square foot
Urethane/ Polyurea Unreinforced $3.00 - $6.00 per square foot
Sheet goods $4.00 - $17.00 per square foot Elasti-Liner $5.00 - $12.00 per square foot
Summary
An effective lining system must: Bridge moving cracks Resist chemical exposure for significant
duration without damage Pass an environmental inspection after a
spill is removed Lining systems that compromise any of
these principles will also compromise the owner's facility and legal responsibility