Download - EL MAYOR PUENTE DE NORUEGA: Hardangerbrua
HARDANGER BRIDGET E C H N I C A L B RO C H U R E
HARDANGER BRIDGE
graf
isk.
sent
er@
vegv
esen
.no
0094
-07
COSTS
The Hardanger Bridge
Pylons 260 mill kr
Viaducts 50 mill kr
Anchorages 150 mill kr
Cables and hangers 420 mill kr
Steel box girder 450 mill kr
Membrane and asphalt 20 mill kr
Total NOK 1350 mill kr
Approach roads 400 mill kr
Client´s costs 300 mill kr
Total cost NOK 2300 mill kr
CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
•The Hardanger bridge project was approved (by the parliament) in February 2006, and shall be completed in the spring of 2013
•Designandplanningperiod2years(March2006-May2008)
•Constructionoftunnelsandapproachroads,constructionperiodFebruary 2009-December2010,completionspring2013
•Constructionofbridge,about3.5years,commencedaugust2009, completion spring 2013
•Pylonsandanchorages,1.5years
•Cablesandhangers,about1year
•Installationofsteelboxgirderandcompletionwork,about1year
•Steelboxgirderandelementsforcablestobeproducedinworkshops in parallel with towers and anchorages, production time about 2 years
ENGL
ISH
▲
A
Galvanised cable wires
Wrapping of galvanised wire
Wrapping of reinforced tape
▲ A
Section A-A
Galvanised wires
Zinc casting
Cast steel
THE CABLE
UPPER HANGER CLAMP
UPPER SOCKET
LOWER SOCKET
HANGER CABLE Locked coil cable 70 mm Breaking load 4,500 kN
CABLE STRAND19 strands each from 528 galvanised
5.3 mm wires. In all 10,032 wires. Breaking load of the cable 342,000 kN.
▲
B B
Section B-B
▲
600
mm
CABLE AND HANGERS
facts
LOWER HANGER CLAMP
BRIDGE DECK / STEEL BOX GIRDER
14.500 mm
4.500 mm 3.250 mm4.500 mm
0,5 m 0,25 m 0 m
TOWER ADJUSTMENT1 2 3
Pullback cable
Transverse bulkhead every four metres
20 m
STEEL BOX GIRDER
STEEL BOX GIRDER
172 m 1310 m 172 m
CABLE ANCHORAGE
Rail for main-tenance vehicle
Cable wires in strand shoe
ANCHORAGE PLATE
1,8 m
TENSION CABLE
STRAND SHOE 1.5 tonnes
ANCHORAGE BAR
▲A
▲A
SPLAY SADDLE
SPLAY CHAMBER
STRAND SHOE
20,8 m
27,1 m
Section A-A
ANCHORAGE BLOCK
ANCHORAGE UNIT Anchors strand of 528 wires
PEH tube
Injected cement mortar
38 prestressing strands,tension in strand 5,235 kN
CABLE ANCHORAGEFormwork: 3,400 X 2 m2 = 6,800 m2 , walls and roof
Concrete: 2,000 m3 B45 SV-40
Concrete: 4,000 m3 B35 low heat concrete in anchorage block and plate
Reinforcement: 1,000 tonnes
Prestressing steel: 33,600 MNm
Bore hole 200 mm: 4,400 metres
Borehole liner: 5,080 metres
facts
15 m
Statsraad Lehmkuhl
Vallavik Bu
Guide vanes for wind stabilisation
The beam that carries the road consist of a steel box. The total length when all the box sections have been welded together is 1,308 metres. The steel box girder is produced in 15 metre lengths that are joined together into 60 metre sections. There is a transverse bulkhead every four metres.
The sections are transported by boat to the con-struction site. Each section is lifted into position and fastened to the hangers. The middle section is installed first. Assembly then works symmetrically out from the centre. The end section is lifted into position before the last sections are installed.
The air inside the steel box girder is dehumidified and the outside of the box girder, except for the carriageway, is spray-galvanized and painted with three coats of paint.
Vehicle-proof steel parapets are fitted on both sides of the bridge, as well as a intermediate parapet between the roadway and the foot and cycle path.
The steel box girder include rails to carry the exter-nal maintenance vehicle. The external maintenance vehicle is 20,9 metres wide and weighs about 8 tonnes.
Inside the steel box girder a small transport vehicle that can carry two persons is installed.
Before spinning of the cable, the towers are pulled back about 0,5 m at the top. As the steel box girders are fitted, the pullback cable is slackened and the towers go to their natural vertical position.
The bridge is carried by cables and hangers.
The cable consists of galvanised steel wires. It is assembled by pulling each wire on a spinning wheel that is drawn on an aerial cableway. Two or four wires are put in place out on each trip across the strands. The wires are gathered into 19 strands, each consisting of 528 wires. All the strands are then compacted into a circular cross section by use of a hydraulic press.
The hanger clamps are then fitted, and the cable is wrapped with a soft galva-nised wire that protects it and helps it maintain its shape. On the outside of the wrapping wire, a reinforced tape is applied to protect against moisture and rain. Even though the strands of the cable are compressed together, the cable still contains about 20% air. The cables are dehumidified by dry air injection.
Then the hangers, that consist of a cable with a cast steel sockets at each end, are fitted. The hanger cable is anchored into the sockets by a conically shaped zinc block cast around the spread-out cable wires.
PRESTRESSING STRAND 200 mm 38 strands per splay chamber
ANCHORAGE CHAMBER
ANCHORAGE PLATE
The cable anchorage consists of splay chamber and anchorage chamber. On each side of the fjord there are two splay chambers and one anchorage chamber. The suspension cable for the bridge is anchored in the splay chambers. The cable is supported on a splay saddle where it is split into 19 single strands. Each of these strands are fixed to a strand shoe. The strand shoe is installed on two huge bars that are embedded in the concrete foundation of the splay chamber.
The actual cable anchorage inside the splay chamber consists of 76 anchorage units. Each anchorage units consists of one plate, two bars and one strand shoe.
The splay chambers are designed in such a way that only the top of the chamber is visible. At Vallavik the splay chambers will be constructed inside the moun-tain. Here only the front wall will be visible.
The anchorage plates in the splay chamber are con-nected to the concrete slab in the anchorage chamber via 76 prestressing cables. The prestressing cables lie inside plastic tubing that is installed through bore holes in the rock.
The anchorage chamber inside the mountain is 15 metres deep and about 40 metres long. The access to the anchorage chambers goes trough 150 - 200 metres of access tunnels.
CABLE AND HANGERS The cable is spun of galvanised steel wires with a diameter of 5.3 mm. The cable wire has a tensile strength of 1,570 MPa. There are 130 hangers in total. The length varies from 2.04 m to 127.6 m. The five shortest hangers are made as one piece of cast steel. The hanger cables are made from locked coil cable, consisting of seven layers of wires, of which the outer three are Z-shaped wires. Hangers are connected to the cable and to the steel box girder with 160 mm bolts.
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BRIDGE TOWERSPylon foundation: 10 x 12(15) m basal area, height 6 m
Wall thickness of tower columns: 600 mm, at cross beams up to 800 mm
Pylon columns: 8.6 x 7.0 m at base, 4.5 x 4.5 m at top
Foundations: 4 foundations, 3,600 m3 concrete, B 35 low heat concrete, 330 tonnes reinforcement
2 Pylons including cross beams and saddle housing: 10,400 m3 concrete, B45 SV-40, reinforcement 2,150 tonnes
4 Concrete foundations for saddles: 112 m3 concrete B55 SV-40
facts
PYLON
Nidaros Cathedral
The statue «Monolitten»
10 m 21,14 m
6 m
+ 9,0 m Vallavik
+ 1,0 m Bu
+ 46,6 m
+ 99,82 m
PYLON COLUMN
CROSS BEAM
SADDLE HOUSING
PYLON SADDLE
SUSPENSION CABLE
200,
5 m
+ 185,0 m
14,5 m
+ 201,5 m
4,5 m
CLIMBING SECTION
CAST STEEL SADDLE
SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF PYLON CONSTRUCTION
CLIMBING SECTION
The bridge pylon consists of two concrete columns joined by three cross beams. Each pylon is sup-ported by two concrete founda-tions. The pylon columns are rectangular. All outside corners are rounded. The pylon columns are constructed in 4-metre climbing sections, 44 sections in each column. The pylons are construc-ted by using climbing formwork.
On top of the tower columns the suspension cables are supported by saddles. They are surrounded by a concrete housing that is designed to protect the cables and saddles.
Inside one of the pylon columns there is a lift, inside the other there are stairs.