Download - eia pulau tioman group presentation
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Ministry of Housing and Local Government (KPKT)
PROPOSED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE THERMAL TREATMENT PLANTS AT
PULAU TIOMAN , PAHANG DARUL MAKMURTerms of References for
Detailed Environmental Impact Assesment
27 MEI 2012
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Project Proponent and EIA Consultant
Project ProponentJabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara,Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan,Paras 2&4, blok B (utara),Pusat Bandar Damansara, Peti surat 12579,50782 Kuala Lumpur
SMART Consulting Group Sdn Bhd9-2 & 9-3 Jalan USJ 21/647630 Subang Jaya, MALAYSIATel: 603-80242287Fax: 603-80242320
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DEIA Study TeamArea of study Name
•Soil control• Sedimentation control
Dr. Muhamad Hafiz b Mat Kasa
•Air quality assesment Dr. Zaifah bt Che Wil
•Noise impacts assesment Ir. Asyanatul Awin Bt Ahmad Termizi
•Water quality &Wastewater
Dr. Nurul Hanna Attiya Bt Baharuddin
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DEIA Study TeamArea of study Name
•Social and Economic ImpactAssessment
Prof. Dr. Nur Hafiza Bt Ahmad
•Health ImpactAssessment
Dr. Mohd Afdhal Bt Abd Razak
•Land use•Traffic
Norhaliza Bt Hashim
•Occupational Safety and Health
Asilah Bt Mohamad Ali
•Ecological Assessment Dr. Nazhirah Bt Mohd Mera Shoib
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Overview Objective Project BackgroundStatement of NeedProject Description Existing Environment Potential & Magnitude Impacts Conclusion
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Project Background• Proposed thermal treatment
plant• Replaced Incinerator which
no longger operate for disposal of Municipal Solid Waste
• Overal capacity = 15MT/day• Located at Lot 145 , Kg
tekek, • Less than 2 Acres
Project Location ( Pulau Tioman )
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Statement of Need
• Need of replacing the existing incinerators• Current incinerator are under capacity and
stopped since 2007- breakdown• Wastes transported back to mainland for final
disposal- potential pollute• Current incinerator site- used for temporary
storage- improper
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Statement of Need
• Has impacts- reducing the adverse impacts
Surface and groundwater pollutionHealth riskAir polutionOdouraesthetic
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Existing condition of waste stored/ disposed at the Project Site (southwest)
Existing condition of waste stored/ disposed at the Project Site (west)
Statement of Need
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Aerial Image of Project Site
Project Location
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Existing Environment
Marine Park
Centre
Road to the existing waste
disposalground
Houses at 220m
from project
Site (west)
Sg. Hantu during low
tide
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Existing EnvironmentBamboo
tree (Phyllosachys)
on the Sg. Batang Siput river
bank
One of the coras species
found off the river mouth of
Sg. Air Hantu
Flying fox (Pteropus sp.)
hanging on the tree
near airport
Monitor lizards
(Varanus sp.)
at the project
site
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Project Description Project component
Waste reception facility •Waste receiving bay, waste storing area•:: receive MSW prior sending for seperation and treatment
Waste seperation faciity •Mechanical seperation and sorting •:: seperates combustible and non combustible
Thermal Treatment Plant •Made up primary chamber (>650 C)•Primary chamber ( >800 C)•Continous operation
Gas cooling facility •Cool down flue gas temperature to 200 C
Air pollution control facility •Consist Neutralization tower , cyclone and baghouse fliter
Waste water treatment pant •Mechanical and biological treatment system•Treating leachate
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Project Description Proposed Layout Plan
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Scope & Methodology5 km around
project option
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Potential & Magnitude ImpactsEnvironmental Aspects Magnitude of Impacts
High Medium LowAir quality
Water quality
Noise
Socio-economics
Soil and sedimentation
Ecology
Land use and traffic
Safety Occupational and health
Safety and Health
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ECOLOGY
WATER QUALITY
AIR QUALITY
HUMAN HEALTH
SOCIOECONOMIC
TRAFFIC
NOISE QUALITY
OSHA
SOIL AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
CONCLUSION
SCOPE OF STUDY
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ECOLOGY: FLORA &FAUNA
• The Project site is generally surrounded by– overgrown grass and shrubs except at the north of the
Project site where the area was bordered by trees.• Pulau Tioman is a hilly island surrounded by
– the South China Sea.• There are 3 forest types within 5 km of the Project site
– primary, secondary and beach forest.• Over 50% of Pulau Tioman (about 7,160 ha) has been
gazetted as Wildlife Reserve– to protect the flora and fauna on the island.
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• Pulau Tioman Development Guidelines and Carrying Capacity Report, JPBD, 2008.– 33 species mammalian– 48 species reptilian– 17 species amphibian– 67 species birds
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• Species protected:– Binturong (Artictic
binturong)– Long-tailed Macaque
(Macaca fascicularis)– Slow Loris (Nycticebus
coucang) – Black Giant Squirrel (Ratufa
bicolor)– Brush-tailed Porcupine
(Atherurus macrourus)– Red-giant Flying Squirrel
(Petaurista petaurista)– Common Palm Civet
(Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)
– Larger Mouse Deer (Tragulus napu)
Mammals
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Reptilian and amphibian
– toad species Ansonia tiomanica– lizard Gonicocephalus chamaelinotus
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Birds White – bellied Sea Eagle
(Haliaeetus leucogaster), White-belied Fish Eagle
(Haliatur Indus) Crested Serpent Eagle
(Spilornis cheela) Black-winged Kite (Elanus
caeruleus). Hill Myna (Gracula
religiosa) is the common bird species found on the island.
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Marine• The marine ecology in
general consist of diversity of marine organisms including– penyu hijau (Chelonia
mydas)– Blacktip Reef Sharks
(Carcharhinus melanopterus),
– Coral Trout (Plectropomus sp.),
– Golden Trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus)
– Blue Spotted Sting Ray (Taeniura lymma)
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Coral • Terdapat 111 spesies
karang di Pulau Tioman.– hard coral species
recorded
• Porites rus, Porites cylindrical• Stylophora
pistillata, • Pachyseris
speciosa
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Coverage of Coral Life FormsLife forms Coverage (%)
Life coral 50.2
Dead 7.6
Algae 0.8
Abiotic coral 24.8
Other 2.2
Source : Coral Monitoring Quarterly Report No.3 at Teluk Tekek, Pulau Tioman, August-October 2008
BACK
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IMPAK DAN MITIGASI
Sebelum operasi1. Debu larian – hoarding (3m) dan jalan diturap
Semasa operasi1. Gas serombong hasil daripada pembakaran
- model ISCST3 -Operasi normal -Keadaan paling teruk
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persampelan kualiti udara• 4 lokasi - tapak insinerator - 3 di kawasan berdekatan
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OPERASI NORMAL
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KEADAAN PALING TERUK
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Di bawah keadaan paling teruk, pembebasan tidak terkawal dalam tempoh 1 jam boleh menyebabkan pencemaran udara yang teruk.- operasi TTP dijalankan oleh kakitangan yang cekap dan terlatih- KPIs- Good Housekeeping
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2. teknologi ACT3. Sistem ACP
- siklon- neutralization reactor- baghouse
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With the implementation of these measures, no residual impacts are anticipated.
BACK
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26-28 2008
Location N1 N2
Day time
LAeq (dBA) range 49.9 – 68.1 50.4 – 65.3
*Average LA90 (dBA) 50.8 47.8
Maximum Permissble Sound Level 60.8 57.8
% Exceeded Maximum Permissible Sound Level
35 %( 21 Reading )
25 %( 15 Reading )
Night time
LAeq (dBA) range 53.2 - 62.9 44.0 – 57.2
*Average LA90 (dBA) 56.9 45.1
Maximum Permissble Sound Level 61.9 50.1
% Exceeded Maximum Permissible Sound Level
8 %( 3 Reading )
86 %(31 Reading )
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Inference 7- 9 oct 2008Location N1 N2
Day time
LAeq (dBA) range 44.1 - 60.8 47.7 - 63.2
*Average LA90 (dBA) 50.8 47.8
Maximum Permissble Sound Level 60.8 57.8
% Exceeded Maximum Permissible Sound Level
0 %( none of the Reading )
13 %( 8 Reading )
Night time
LAeq (dBA) range 51.1 – 54.5 39.1 – 53.4
*Average LA90 (dBA) 56.9 45.1
Maximum Permissble Sound Level 61.9 50.1
% Exceeded Maximum Permissible Sound Level
0 %( none of the Reading )
17 %( 6 Reading )
BACK
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QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
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• The risk assessment conducted for this Project is to identify the potential hazards associated with the TTP operation.
• The main risk during the operation of the TTP is identified related to fire hazards within the facility.
• In case of the TTP, the main hazard are:1. the on-site diesel storage 2. Spontaneous Combustion of Solid Waste
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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH)
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• The safety and health aspects for on-site workers for the proposed TTP is review for both construction and operation phases of the plant.
• In Malaysia, the safety and health of workers is governed under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1994 (OSHA 1994) and the Factories and Machinery Act, 1967 (FMA 1967)
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CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Possible hazards may occur
Safety Hazards
Traffic accident
Overturned crane
Fall from heights
Machine/toolusage injuries
Health Hazards
Exposed to noise levels that exceed the action level of
85 dBA
Dengue fever and recently chikungunya epidemics
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OPERATIONAL PHASE
Common Hazards expected
Physical injuries
Manual handling Heat stress
exposed to potential
hazardous or toxic
materials
BACK
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IMPACTS
Construction phase•Sewage discharge•Oil & grease pollution•Soil contaminated•Effect marine water (coral)•Construction waste
Operational phase•Increase nutrients•Increase coliform bacteria•Increase in suspended solids•Depletion of O₂•Noxious odours (H₂S)•Limit light penetration•Oil contaminate – degrade aesthetic value
Residual Impact•Not Significant
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Assumption for Assessment• Effluent and river water are completely mixed at the point of discharge• The BOD of the effluent does not change along the Sg. Air Hantu• Other pollution sources along Sg. Air Hantu were not considered• The present BOD of Sg. Air Hantu is taken as 3 mg/l under normal
conditions. • The following formula has been used:-
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BOD Prediction
Scenario 1 – Normal Condition
• Accordance to the design parameters.• The low flow of Sg. Air Hantu for the 1.1 year return period and 30 day low flow is 3.33 x 10-2 MLD.• The BOD concentration for Sg. Air Hantu assumed at 3 mg/L.• The effluent discharge from the WWTP is 0.004 MLD.• The BOD concentration of the effluent is 20 mg/L based on design parameter/ based on Standard A• Therefore,
Scenario 2 – Abnormal Condition
• failure of the WWTP and raw wastewater is discharged into the river• BOD concentration in the raw wastewater is 7,731 mg/l• Therefore, when cw = 7,731 mg/l
Qr = 3.33 x 10-2 MLDCr = 3 mg/lqw = 0.004 MLDcw = 20 mg/lC₀ = 4.8 mg/l
C₀ = 832 mg/l
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MITIGATIONS – Construction PhaseOil & Grease Containment•Store in large bin/tank/drums•Soak with sand•Construct concrete/brick containment wall•Bund wall (Appendix I)
Sewage Discharge•Treat in septic tank•Desludging once /2 years•Leachate management
Construction Waste•On-site storage area•Stockpiled at temporary storage (Figure 6-
1)•Construct drain flow into silt trap
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MITIGATIONS – Operational Phase
Control•WWTP•Leachate management•Engineering control
Maintenance•Inspection•Testing •Cleaning•Lubrication•Adjusting•Repairing
Adequate Training•Personnel•Execute duties properly
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Leachate Management and Wastewater Treatment
Refer FIGURE 3-53 type wastewater:• leachate from the stored solid waste• plant washings• incoming truck washings Leachate management• leachate drained into collection sumps before being channelled to an
onsite WWTP• require washing to ensure that the area is clean at all times• collection sumps drained by gravitation/pump to the WWTP• Leachate from garbage trucks drained into a designated sump/pit at
the waste receiving area
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Figure 3-5 Proposed Layout of Wastewater Drainage Plan
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Figure 3-8 WWTP Equipment Layout Plan
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Figure 6-1 Location of Stockpile & Temporary Waste Storage Area
BACK
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Human Health Impact
The steps of health risk assessments are:
Step 1: Hazard Identification
Step 2: Dose-response relationships
Step 3: Exposure Assessment
Step 4: Risk Characterization
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Human Health Impact
Step 1 : Hazard Identification
Type of emmision Pollutants
Criteria air pollutants Particulate less than 10 μg(PM10), SO2, NO2
Toxic air pollutants Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, HCL, lead, elemental mercury, dioxin
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Human Health Impact Step 2 : Dose-response relationships
Health Reference Values for Criteria Air Pollutants
Criteria pollutants Averaging time Reference values μg/m3
PM10
24 hrs 150 1
Annual 50 1
SO2
1hr 350 1
24 hrs 105 1
NO2
1hr 320 1
Annual 40 2
•Notes: 1 US National Ambient Air Quality Standard 2 Recommended Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines.
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Human Health Impact
Step 2 : Dose-response relationshipsSummary of Health Outcome, Relative Risk (RR) Associated with a 10
μg/m3 in PM10 for Short Term Effects
Source: WHO, Regional Office for Europe. Health Impact of Air Pollution in the Eight Major Italian Cities, 2002
Health Outcome RR per 10 μg/m3
Hospital admissions for cardiovascular causes 1.009
Hospital admission for respiratory disease 1.016
Occurrence of respiratory symptoms 1.070
Acute bronchitis (aged <15) 1.306
Asthma exacerbation(aged <15) 1.051
Asthma exacerbation(aged >15) 1.004
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Human Health ImpactStep 2 : Dose-response relationships Table 3 Non-cancer toxicity Information of criteria air pollutants
Chemical of concernChronic RfC
(mg/m3)Primary Target
Organ
Type of critical effect for
development of threshold dose
Source of Toxicity data (date*)
SO2 ND* URT URT Irritation
NO2 ND* URT URT Irritation
HCl 2x10-2 URT URT Irritation IRIS (20/11/08)
Dioxin/Furan ITEQ (as 2,3,7,8-TCDD)
4x10-5 Development Systemic effect OEHHA, 2005
Arsenic 0.03 Skin Systemic effect OEHHA, 2005
Cadmium 0.02 (μg/m3) Kidney Systemic effect OEHHA, 2005
Lead NA NA NA NA
Chromium IV 1x10-4Respiratory
toxicitySystemic effect IRIS (20/11/08)
Mercury, elemental 3x10-4 Nervous system Systemic effect IRIS (20/11/08)
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Human Health Impact
Chemical ofconcern
URF(Hg/m3)-1
Type of cancer
EPA Weight ofEvidence/Route
Source of Toxicitydata (date*)
Arsenic 4.3E-03 Lung A/Inhalation IRIS (20/11/08)
Cadmium 1.8E-03 Lung B1/inhalation IRIS (20/11/08)
Chromium 1.2E-02 Lung A/Inhalation IRIS (20/11/08)
Lead 1.20E-05
Not reported
B2 OEHHA
Dioxin/Furan (TEQ)
1.3 Lung B2/inhalation IRIS (20/11/08)
Mercury NA NA D (Not classified asHuman carcinogen)
IRIS (20/11/08)
Toxicity Information of the Carcinogenic Hazards
Step 2 : Dose-response relationships
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Human Health Impact
Step 3 : Exposure Assessment
Sensitive receptors• The sensitive receptors for all three criteria
pollutants emitted from the proposed TTP are clearly identified as the asthmatics, people suffering from respiratory diseases and heart disease and the elderly and very young people.
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Human Health Impact
Step 3 : Exposure Assessment
Exposure route• Direct exposure through the inhalation route
is the most important route of exposure for the health risk assessment on the identified hazards emitted from the proposed plant.
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Human Health Impact
Step 3 : Exposure Assessment
Exposure level• The health risk was calculated based on the
exposure data derived from the air quality modelling and the baseline data submitted by the air quality consultants.
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Human Health Impact
Step 4: Risk Characterization
• The Risk Characterization integrates all information from the earlier steps.
• The health risk is calculated using the results of the air quality modelling. For this assessment, the health risk to the residents was estimated based on the actual or normal operation of the TTP.
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Human Health ImpactPercentage Of Health Outcomes Increment Due To Maximum 24 Hours Average
Incremental Level of PM10 (Normal Operation)
Step 4: Risk Characterization
BACK
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EXISTING ENVIROMENT•POPULATION
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ETHNICITY
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AGE GROUP
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EDUCATION
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ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
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Socio-economic
The objectives of the SIA study are:1. To identify potential adverse impacts of the
proposed development on socioeconomic aspects of the local population in Pulau Tioman.
2. To determine opportunities for enhancing the socio-economic well-being of the local population.
3. To address social issues associated with the impacts of the proposed development through the design of mitigation measures.
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COMMENTS RESPONDENTS
AWARE OF PROJECT 56.6%
NOT INTERESTED 29.4%
PERCEPTION BEFORE PROJECT
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Awareness of the location
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Perceived positive impactsThere were altogether 16 positive impacts.
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Perceived negative impactsThere were altogether 17 negative impacts.
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Tourists’ perception
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Potential socio-economic impacts
(i) During construction• Discomfort due to increased level of noise and traffic• Concerns for safety due to increased traffic and boat activity• Decrease in monthly incomes due to environmental
implications
(ii) During operation• Concerns for health in view of potential environmental
pollution• Concerns for safety in the event of failure or improper
operationof the TTP
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Mitigation measures and recommendations
There are a few recommended to enhance the solid waste management in Pulau Tioman:Improvement of solid waste collectionCommunity Education and Awareness
ProgrammesFollow-up SIA
BACK
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TRAFFIC AND MATERIAL CONVEYANCE
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• Traffic volume is expected to increase during the construction phase.
• The impact due to traffic is minimal:Transportation route less than 2kmNo public amenities located along transportation route.
• Traffic impact is not significant during operational phase.No. of rubbish trucks and trucks which transport bottom
ash and sludge is small.
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• Impact due to marine traffic are follow:-
Spillage of bottom ash, sludge and fuelDamage to corals by barge movementCollision with other boats
BACK
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Soil and sedimentation control
Phases Impacts because of
Constructions Site clearing •Phasing •Sediment trap•Temporary drains
Operational No impacts because of whole area are covered
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Soil and sedimentation control
BACK
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Conclusion
Proposed TTP will not impose significant adverse environmental impacts during both the construction and operational stage if the required environmental management measures are implemented.