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1© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
EEL303: Power Engineering - 1Introductory Lecture
Course Coordinator: A. R. AbhyankarOffice: Block II, Room 135
Email: [email protected]
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2© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Evaluation Scheme
Minor 1: 20Minor 2: 20Re-Minor: 20Major: 40Pre-Minor 1 Quiz: 7Pre-Minor 2 Quiz: 7Pre-Major Quiz: 7Attendance: 6
Best 2 out of 3 will be considered
Best 2 out of 3 will be considered
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3© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Attendance Marks Distribution
100% = 695<= Attendance <100 = 590<= Attendance <95 = 485<= Attendance <90 = 380<= Attendance <85 = 275<= Attendance <80 = 1Attendance <75 = 0
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4© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Books / References
Power System Analysis: John Grainger and W D Stevenson, Tata McGraw HillElectric Energy Systems Theory: Olle Elgerd, Tata MacGraw HillPower System Engineering: I J Nagrath and D P Kothari, Tata MacGraw HillPower Generation, Operation and Control: Wood and Wollenberg, John WileyYour own class notes!
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5© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
General Instructions
Please be on time. Late entry into the class not allowed.Switch-off your cell phones, laptops, i-pads, tabs (did I miss something?)Switch-on your brain cells of curiosity!Tutorials will start from 6th August 2012.Attendance to be registered with TAs.80 Marks and above: Basic Requirement for “A”grade (please note: 80+ marks does not guarantee an “A”!)Less than 30 Marks: “non-pass” grade guaranteed for sure!
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6© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Introduction to Power Systems
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7© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Courtesy: google imagesCourtesy: google images
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8© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Thomas Alva EdisonGeorge Westinghouse
Courtesy: Wikipedia
"Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration."
Courtesy: Wikipedia
Built world’s first commercial AC system
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9© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
What is Power System?
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
Utilisation
Control of these functions at appropriate levels
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10© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
“The number of variables in a power system is huge, and many types of uncertainties are present.”
“Few if any aerospace problems yield such a challenging set of conditions.”
Fred C. Schweppe (1934-1988)Professor of Electrical Engineering, MIT
“I worked on aerospace problems for many years before converting to power systems, and, in my opinion at least, power problems are tougher in many respects.”
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11© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Arc Lamp and Dynamo
100V(DC) Station
Transformer Invented
steam turbine invented
1st multiple voltage AC system for house lighting
Single phase AC 4kV system for street lighting
commercial use of multiphase system
3 phase hydro station installed
1879
1882
1883
1884
1886
1890
1891
1895
Brief History
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12© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Single Line Diagram Representation
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13© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
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14© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Power Generation
Courtesy: Google Images
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15© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Power Transmission
Courtesy: Google Images
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16© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Substation
Courtesy: Google Images
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17© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Power Distribution
Courtesy: Google Images
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18© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Power Distribution!!! (or Confusion??)
Courtesy: Google Images
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19© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Power System Control
Courtesy: Google Images
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20© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Why AC Generation and Transmission?
Economics!!! Easier and Cheaper to generate AC power and transmitVoltage (and current) transformationEfficient uitilisation: Cheap and effective AC motors
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21© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Topological Difference
Transmission – Mesh (or Loop) (Why?)Reliability: main concernA contingency has system-wide effects
Distribution – Radial (Why?)Economics!A fault has local disruptionProtection issues
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22© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Indian Scenario
Salient features:One of the largest interconnected power systems in the worldInstalled capacity comparable with the largest power markets in the worldMember of VLPGO AssociationCharacterised by power deficit situation
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23© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
India: Power Facts
Area :2,973,190 km2
Population : 1.25 billion Per capita consumption : 820 kWhFive regional gridsTwo synchronous gridsInstalled Capacity 205 GW Peak Demand ~129 GW
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24© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
All India Installed Capacity
Courtesy: www.cea.nic.in
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25© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
NR
WR
SR
ERNER
Ennore
KudankulamKayamkulam
Partabpur
Talcher/Ib Valley
Vindhyachal
Korba
MAJOR ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA
LEGEND
Coal
Hydro
Lignite
Coastal
Nuclear
VizagSimhadri
Kaiga
Tarapur
Mangalore
Krishnapatnam
RAPP
53,000MW
23,000MW
1,700MWSIKKIM
MYA
NMM
AR
CHICKEN NECK
Cuddalore
SRI LANKACOLOMBO
NEPALBHUTAN
DESHBANGLA
South Madras
Pipavav
Generation Load-Centre
Kolkata
Bhubaneswar
PatnaLucknow
Delhi
Mumbai
Chennai
Bangalore
Bhopal
Guwahati
Jammu
Ludhiana
Jaipur
Gandhinagar
Indore
Raipur
Thiruvananthapuram
Kozhikode
Hyderabad
* Hydro Potential : 1,10,000> 25,000MW already installed
> 19,000MW under implementation
> 66,000MW still to be exploited
* 90% coal reserves in ER & WR
Courtesy: cea.nic.in
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26© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Wind Potential in India
Courtesy: http://www.inwea.org/
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27© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Electricity Regions Synchronous Regions
North
Central
South
North
West
South
East
North-East
Synchronized
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28© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Power Sector in India: Structure
Federal Structure
RLDC(Regional System Operator)
Apex bodies in regional grid operation Supervise and control inter-regional and inter-state transmission systems.
SLDC(State level System Operator)
To Supervise and control State Power Systems.
RLDCs can give directions to SLDCs for Grid security
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29© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
The Institutional Framework
Federal Regulator Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
State Level Regulators State Electricity Regulatory Commission
Technical Advisory Body of Ministry of Power Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
Electricity Regulatory Commission Act 1998
Central Government owned companies / institutions / organizations
MinistryGenerating Companies
Trading Companies Transmission
Companies
Research Organizations
Others
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30© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Central Level OrganizationsFederal Regulator: Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
State Level Regulator: State Electricity Regulatory Commissions
Technical Advisory Body of MoP: Central Electricity Authority
Central Government owned Companies
Thermal GenerationNTPC
Hydel GenerationNHPC
TransmissionPGCIL
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31© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
Operational and Ownership Hierarchy
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32© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
RLDC
SLDC
RLDC
Electric Supply Industry: Structure
Regional Grid Regional Grid
SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC
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33© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
State Power Demand
State Power Demand
State Owned Generators
Central PowerPool
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34© A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)
EEL 303: Course Contents
Revision of fundamentals and per unit analysisTransmission line modeling, characteristics and performancePower flow analysisFault analysisSymmetrical components and sequence networksEconomic operation of power systemsPower system stability