![Page 1: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming
![Page 2: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Optional Assignment
List the continents that would be included under the designations “Old World” and “New World”
Return as hard copy or send by e-mail to receive credit
Due Thursday 1/20/11
![Page 3: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“What’s in a name? That which we call a rose
By any other name would smell so sweet.”
![Page 4: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
“What’s in a name? That which we call a rose
By any other name would smell so sweet.”
Shakespeare, “Romeo and Juliet”
![Page 5: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mystery Plant - This plant is a native of the Old World that has multiple uses
![Page 6: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mystery Plant - This plant is a native of the Old World that has multiple uses
- It is used for its fibers to make rope, fishnets, clothing, etc.
![Page 7: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mystery Plant - This plant is a native of the Old World that has multiple uses
- It is used for its fibers to make rope, fishnets, clothing, etc.
- Because its importance as a source of fibers, it was widely planted in the U.S. midwest during World War II
![Page 8: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mystery Plant - This plant is a native of the Old World that has multiple uses
- It is used for its fibers to make rope, fishnets, clothing, etc.
- Because its importance as a source of fibers, it was widely planted in the U.S. midwest during World War II
- It is also the source of a psychoactive drug, which has led to its possession and using being considered a criminal offense in the U.S.
![Page 9: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mystery Plant - This plant is a native of the Old World that has multiple uses
- It is used for its fibers to make rope, fishnets, clothing, etc.
- Because its importance as a source of fibers, it was widely planted in the U.S. midwest during World War II
- It is also the source of a psychoactive drug, which has led to its possession and using being considered a criminal offense in the U.S.
- In the 1960s and 1970s, court battles ranged that centered on the name for the plant, with both prosecution and defense enlisting the services of expert botanists.
![Page 10: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mystery Plant - This plant is a native of the Old World that has multiple uses
- It is used for its fibers to make rope, fishnets, clothing, etc.
- Because its importance as a source of fibers, it was widely planted in the U.S. midwest during World War II
- It is also the source of a psychoactive drug, which has led to its possession and using being considered a criminal offense in the U.S.
- In the 1960s and 1970s, court battles ranged that centered on the name for the plant, with both prosecution and defense enlisting the services of expert botanists.
1. What is the plant?
2. Why was there a dispute about its name?
3. What was the legal resolution of the issue about its name?
![Page 11: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Quiz
1. A scientific name for an organism consists of how many words? In what language is it written?
2. What is polyploidy? How common is it in plants? Give an example of a crop species that is polyploid.
![Page 12: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Plant Manipulation – the Raw Material
Flowering Plants – ca 300,000 species
![Page 13: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Plant Manipulation – the Raw Material
Flowering Plants – ca 300,000 species
Plants eaten regularly by people – ca 2,500 species
![Page 14: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Plant Manipulation – the Raw Material
Flowering Plants – ca 300,000 species
Plants eaten regularly by people – ca 2,500 species
Plants in World Commerce – ca 150 species
![Page 15: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Plant Manipulation – the Raw Material
Flowering Plants – ca 300,000 species
Plants eaten regularly by people – ca 2,500 species
Plants in World Commerce – ca 150 species
Major Economic Importance – ca 20 species
![Page 16: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Plant Manipulation – the Raw Material
Flowering Plants – ca 300,000 species
Plants eaten regularly by people – ca 2,500 species
Plants in World Commerce – ca 150 species
Major Economic Importance – ca 20 species
Crops recently domesticated – 0 species
![Page 17: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Plant Manipulation – the Raw Material
Flowering Plants – ca 300,000 species
Plants eaten regularly by people – ca 2,500 species
Plants in World Commerce – ca 150 species
Major Economic Importance – ca 20 species
Crops recently domesticated – 0 species
![Page 18: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Crops of Major Economic Importance
![Page 19: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Crops of Major Economic Importance
Wheat, Rice, Maize (Corn), and Potatoes – the Big 4
![Page 20: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Traditional Methods of Plant Manipulation
- Selection
- Polyploidy
- Asexual Reproduction (=cloning)
- Inbreeding
![Page 21: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Variation and Selection
Keystone of Evolutionary Theory – “Selection of the Fittest”
Natural Selection – wild populations
![Page 22: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Variation and Selection
Keystone of Evolutionary Theory – “Selection of the Fittest”
Natural Selection – wild populations
Artificial Selection – when done by people
![Page 23: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Variation and Selection
Keystone of Evolutionary Theory – “Selection of the Fittest”
Natural Selection – wild populations
Artificial Selection – when done by people
Note: For selection to work, there must be variation, and it must be heritable
- mutations (natural and induced)
![Page 24: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Variation and Selection
Keystone of Evolutionary Theory – “Selection of the Fittest”
Natural Selection – wild populations
Artificial Selection – when done by people
Note: For selection to work, there must be variation, and it must be heritable
- mutations (natural and induced)
- geographic variation
![Page 25: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Artificial Selection in Cole Crops
![Page 26: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Polyploidy
Eukaryotic organisms, typically 2 sets of chromosomes/nucleus
= diploid
![Page 27: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Polyploidy
Eukaryotic organisms, typically 2 sets of chromosomes/nucleus
= diploid
Gametes – have one set of chromosomes/nucleus (result of meiosis)
= haploid
![Page 28: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Polyploidy
Eukaryotic organisms, typically 2 sets of chromosomes/nucleus
= diploid
Gametes – have one set of chromosomes/nucleus (result of meiosis)
= haploid
Some plants – cells have >2 sets of chromosomes = polyploid
triploid = 3 sets
![Page 29: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Polyploidy
Eukaryotic organisms, typically 2 sets of chromosomes/nucleus
= diploid
Gametes – have one set of chromosomes/nucleus (result of meiosis)
= haploid
Some plants – cells have >2 sets of chromosomes = polyploid
triploid = 3 sets
tetraploid = 4 sets
![Page 30: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Polyploidy
Eukaryotic organisms, typically 2 sets of chromosomes/nucleus
= diploid
Gametes – have one set of chromosomes/nucleus (result of meiosis)
= haploid
Some plants – cells have >2 sets of chromosomes = polyploid
triploid = 3 sets
tetraploid = 4 sets
pentaploid = 5 sets
hexaploid = 6 sets
etc.
![Page 31: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Polyploidy continued
“Odd” polyploids (3x, 5x, 7x) – usually sterile
- advantage for seedless fruit
![Page 32: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Polyploidy continued
“Odd” polyploids (3x, 5x, 7x) – usually sterile
- advantage for seedless fruit
“Even” polyploids (4x, 6x, 8x) – often fertile
- organs can be larger, including fruits, seeds
![Page 33: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Polyploidy continued
“Odd” polyploids (3x, 5x, 7x) – usually sterile
- advantage for seedless fruit
“Even” polyploids (4x, 6x, 8x) – often fertile
- organs can be larger, including fruits, seeds
- heterosis fixed
![Page 34: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Polyploidy continued
“Odd” polyploids (3x, 5x, 7x) – usually sterile
- advantage for seedless fruit
“Even” polyploids (4x, 6x, 8x) – often fertile
- organs can be larger, including fruits, seeds
- heterosis fixed
Many crop plants are polyploid – see text, Table 1.1
Coffee, Cotton, Potato, Strawberry, Sugar cane, Tobacco, Wheat
![Page 35: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Polyploidy continued
“Odd” polyploids (3x, 5x, 7x) – usually sterile
- advantage for seedless fruit
“Even” polyploids (4x, 6x, 8x) – often fertile
- organs can be larger, including fruits, seeds
- heterosis fixed
Many crop plants are polyploid – see text, Table 1.1
Coffee, Cotton, Potato, Strawberry, Sugar cane, Tobacco, Wheat
Even some crops that appear to be diploid are ancient polyploids:
Corn, sunflower
![Page 36: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Polyploidy continued
“Odd” polyploids (3x, 5x, 7x) – usually sterile
- advantage for seedless fruit
“Even” polyploids (4x, 6x, 8x) – often fertile
- organs can be larger, including fruits, seeds
- heterosis fixed
Many crop plants are polyploid – see text, Table 1.1
Coffee, Cotton, Potato, Strawberry, Sugar cane, Tobacco, Wheat
Even some crops that appear to be diploid are ancient polyploids:
Corn, sunflower “Whole Genome Duplication” - WGD
![Page 37: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Hybrid sterility
![Page 38: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Polyploidy can overcome hybrid sterility
![Page 39: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Inbreeding
Most Plants are Outcrossing – gametes from different individuals
![Page 40: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Inbreeding
Most Plants are Outcrossing – gametes from different individuals
Some plants, particularly weeds and crop plants, are inbreeding
- self-fertilization
- self-compatibility
![Page 41: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Inbreeding
Most Plants are Outcrossing – gametes from different individuals
Some plants, particularly weeds and crop plants, are inbreeding
- self-fertilization
- self-compatibility
Forced Inbreeding:
- increased homozygosity
- inbreeding depression
![Page 42: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Inbreeding
Most Plants are Outcrossing – gametes from different individuals
Some plants, particularly weeds and crop plants, are inbreeding
- self-fertilization
- self-compatibility
Forced Inbreeding:
- increased homozygosity
- inbreeding depression
Crossing between homozygous lines Heterosis (hybrid vigor)
- uniformity
![Page 43: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Inbreeding
Most Plants are Outcrossing – gametes from different individuals
Some plants, particularly weeds and crop plants, are inbreeding
- self-fertilization
- self-compatibility
Forced Inbreeding:
- increased homozygosity
- inbreeding depression
Crossing between homozygous lines Heterosis (hybrid vigor)
- uniformity
- need to produce new seed each year
![Page 44: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction new plants identical to parent (clones)
![Page 45: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction new plants identical to parent (clones)
Applications of Asexual Reproduction:
- vegetative propagation (cuttings, rhizome pieces etc.)
- grafting
![Page 46: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Naming of Plants
Scientific Hierarchy of Classification (See Table 1.5, page 35)
Kingdom Phyta “plants”
Division Anthophyta “flowering plants”
Class Magnoliopsida “dicots”
Order Fabales “bean order”
Family Fabaceae “bean family”
Genus Phaseolus* “beans”
Species P. vulgaris* “common bean”
*Name written in Latin
![Page 47: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Species Names – Binomial Nomenclature
Prior to Linnaeus – use of Phrase Names
![Page 48: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Species Names – Binomial Nomenclature
Prior to Linnaeus – use of Phrase Names
Linnaeus – each species called by genus name + species epithet = binomial
![Page 49: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Species Names – Binomial Nomenclature
Prior to Linnaeus – use of Phrase Names
Linnaeus – each species called by genus name + species epithet = binomial
Species – only category that is thought to be discrete, objective
![Page 50: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Species Names – Binomial Nomenclature
Prior to Linnaeus – use of Phrase Names
Linnaeus – each species called by genus name + species epithet = binomial
Species – only category that is thought to be discrete, objective
Species name – consists of genus + species epithet, written in Latin
![Page 51: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Principles of Botanical Names1. Publication – name must be properly published according to
rules of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
![Page 52: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Principles of Botanical Names1. Publication – name must be properly published according to
rules of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
2. Type method – each name is associated with a physical plant specimen (= type specimen)
![Page 53: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Principles of Botanical Names1. Publication – name must be properly published according to
rules of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
2. Type method – each name is associated with a physical plant specimen (= type specimen)
3. Priority – Oldest properly published name is correct one
![Page 54: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Example – Rule of Priority leads to Change in Plant Name
Wyethia trilobata
![Page 55: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Example – Rule of Priority leads to Change in Plant Name
Wyethia trilobata
Complaya trilobata
Complaya – published in 1991
![Page 56: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Example – Rule of Priority leads to Change in Plant Name
Wyethia trilobata
Complaya trilobata
Thelechitonia trilobata
Complaya – published in 1991
Thelechitonia – published in 1954
![Page 57: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Example – Rule of Priority leads to Change in Plant Name
Wyethia trilobata
Complaya trilobata
Thelechitonia trilobata
Sphagneticola trilobata
Complaya – published in 1991
Thelechitonia – published in 1954
Sphagneticola – published in 1900
![Page 58: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Chrysanthemum s.l. (ca 100 species)
“Ox-eye Daisy”
“Mums”
Example – Change in Circumscription of Genus leads to changes in plant names
![Page 59: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Chrysanthemum s.s. (3 species)
Leucanthemum
Dendranthemum
Example – Change in Circumscription of Genus leads to changes in plant names
![Page 60: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Categories within SpeciesVariation also occurs within species, in some cases it is significant
enough to be recognized by scientists:
1. Wild species – varieties or subspecies. Both names are written in Latin and follow similar rules as for species names
Used to designate geographic races or morphologically distinct populations adapted to particular local ecological conditions
![Page 61: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Cultivar Names2. Variation within cultivated plants
- “variety” – widely (and still) used
- cultivar (cultivated variety)
Used to denote an assemblage of cultivated plants that is clearly distinguished by some character(s) and that following reproduction retains its distinguishing character(s)
Cultivar name is written in any language except for Latin
Cultivar name can be combined with a generic, specific, or common name:
Citrullus cv. Crimson Sweet;
watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet;
Citrullus lanatus cv. Crimson Sweet
![Page 62: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
A Rose by Any Other Name …?Cannabis sativa and the law
Most Botanists:
Cannabis has 1 species, C. sativa
![Page 63: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
A Rose by Any Other Name …?Cannabis sativa and the law
Most Botanists:
Cannabis has 1 species, C. sativa
Some botanists recognize 3 species:
C. sativa (hemp, cultivated for rope)
C. ruderalis (wild form, weed)
C. indica (high THC-form)
![Page 64: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
A Rose by Any Other Name …?Cannabis sativa and the law
Most Botanists:
Cannabis has 1 species, C. sativa
Some botanists recognize 3 species:
C. sativa (hemp, cultivated for rope)
C. ruderalis (wild form, weed)
C. indica (high THC-form)
Laws: originally proscribe marijuana (C. sativa) argument that defendant not literally breaking law
![Page 65: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
A Rose by Any Other Name …?Cannabis sativa and the law
Most Botanists:
Cannabis has 1 species, C. sativa
Some botanists recognize 3 species:
C. sativa (hemp, cultivated for rope)
C. ruderalis (wild form, weed)
C. indica (high THC-form)
Laws: originally proscribe marijuana (C. sativa) argument that defendant not literally breaking law
Eventual resolution: looked past botanical “semantics” – illegal regardless of what it is called by scientists
![Page 66: EEB 304 Lecture 3 – Plant Manipulation and Naming](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cec5503460f949b87f5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Tuesday Lecture – Origins of Agriculture
Read: Chapter 2