Educational Psychology:Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice Theory and Practice
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Educational Psychology:A Foundation for Teaching
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ISBN:0-205-37338-0
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
Organizing QuestionsOrganizing Questions
What Makes a Good Teacher? What Is the Role of Research
in Educational Psychology? What Research Methods Are
Used in Educational Psychology?
What Makes a Good Teacher?What Makes a Good Teacher?
Knowing the Subject Matters Mastering Teaching Skills Can Good Teaching Be
Taught? The Intentional Teacher
Knowing the Subject MattersKnowing the Subject Matters
Good teachers know subject matter well and are prepared with a variety of examples that bring lessons to life.
Mastering Teaching SkillsMastering Teaching Skills
Managing the Classroom Assessing Prior Knowledge Motivating Students Accounting for Learner
Characteristics
Mastering Teaching SkillsMastering Teaching Skills
Assessing Learning Outcomes Reviewing Information Communicating Ideas
Effectively
Can Good Teaching Be Can Good Teaching Be Taught?Taught?
“An outstanding teacher does nothing that any other teacher cannot also do—it is just a question of knowing the principles of effective teaching and how to apply them.” (p. 5)
Determinants of good Determinants of good teachingteaching
Self-Knowledge and Self-Regulation
Decision Making Reflection Application of Education
Research
Components of Good Components of Good TeachingTeaching
Knowledge of the Subject and Teaching Resources
Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills
Knowledge of Students and their Learning
Teaching and Communication Skills
The Intentional TeacherThe Intentional Teacher
“Intentional teachers are those who are constantly thinking about the outcomes they want for their students and about how each decision they make moves children toward those outcomes.” (p.7)
Characteristics of the Intentional Characteristics of the Intentional TeacherTeacher
Purposeful Lesson Plans Experiments with Novel
Techniques that Arouse Student Curiosity
Accounts for Multiple Ability Levels
Uses Class Time Wisely
Characteristics of the Intentional Characteristics of the Intentional TeacherTeacher
Teacher Efficacy Open to Criticism Reflective
The (Un)Intentional TeacherThe (Un)Intentional Teacher
“…there are teachers with twenty years of experience and there are teachers with one year of experience 20 times.” (p. 9)
Research in Educational Research in Educational
PsychologyPsychology
The goal of research in educational psychology is to test ideas about factors believed to contribute to learning.
Educational Psychology Educational Psychology ResearchersResearchers
Test Ideas Using Sound Research Methodology
Discover or Refine Principles and Theories that Enhance Predictability and Control in Educational Settings
The Experimental MethodThe Experimental Method
Laboratory Experiments Field Experiments Single-case Experiments
Internal and External ValidityInternal and External Validity
Laboratory
Experiments
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
Internal and External ValidityInternal and External Validity
FieldExperiments
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
Characteristics of Experimental Characteristics of Experimental ResearchResearch
Random Assignment Experimental Group Control Group
An Attempt to Equalize All Factors Except the Treatment for the Experimental and Control Groups
Establishes Cause and Effect Creates Artificial Conditions
Correlation MethodCorrelation Method
Calculates Relations Between Variables As They Naturally Occur
Positive correlation (greater than zero but less than or equal to 1)
Negative correlation (less than zero but greater than or equal to –1)
No correlation (equal to zero)
Does Not Establish Cause and Effect
Correlation Method ExamplesCorrelation Method Examples
Positive Correlation Hours of Study Per Week and
Grades Negative Correlation
Days Absent and Grades No Correlation
Math Achievement in Virginia is Probably Unrelated to Achievement Motivation in California.
Descriptive ResearchDescriptive Research
Survey Method Interview Ethnography
Descriptive Research MethodsDescriptive Research Methods
Provides Rich Detail Works with Natural Situations May Lack Scientific Objectivity
Action ResearchAction Research
A Particular Form of Descriptive Research Carried Out by Educators in their Own Classrooms or Schools
Can Provide Deeper Insight from Front-Line Teachers than Research Conducted by Outsiders
Lacks Objectivity
“…it is best to apply the [research] principles with a hefty dose of common sense and a clear view of what is being taught to whom and for what purpose.” (p. 15)
Research + Common Sense = Effective Teaching
Teacher WisdomTeacher Wisdom
End of Chapter 1End of Chapter 1