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November 19, 2015Session on Economic valuation of coastal ecosystem services
Da Nang, Vietnam
Jungho NAM
representing MESN KOREA (Marine Ecosystem Services Research Network of Korea)
Ecosystem services are jargons? Challenging issues in translating them into marine
spatial policy
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1997
2001~2005
2006
2007
2008
Costanza et al
MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)
UNEP
SGAN-UNEP WCMCTEEB, (G8+5 summit)
CBD COP9ESP(Ecosystem Service Partnership)
2009 UNESCO-IOC
2010 Marine ESP
2011 EU (Ecosystem Ass. & Mapping)
2013 1st IPBES Plenary Session
2012 IPBES
Small Steps to Mainstream Ecosystem Services into Policy Regime
(Nam, 2014)
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What is the Ecosystem Service?Marine
Benefits people obtain from ecosystems (MA, 2005)Marine
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• How do the public understand the term of “ecosystem service”? Or Are they familiar with the term as much as other services by humans?
ServicesServices PaymentPayment
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Human WorksEcosystem works
ActionAction
ServicesServices ServicesPayment
• Acknowledgement and Payment on Ecosystem Services vs. Human Services
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We have witnessed
• Cared by Experts group, mostly Scientists
• Weak understanding of Marine Ecosystem works
• Political driver, rhetoric rather than enforceable
• Not Common Language
• Less tangible connection to incomes and societies
In the meantime, Clues on Anticipatory Future
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AssessmentAssessment
ValuationValuation
ApplicationApplication
7/10
2/10
1/10
Status Quo : Most of experts are staying at Assessment
Somethings are confusing in their researches.
Overestimation of several services, ex. purification
Assessment-valuation, stock-services etc
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8
2013
Promising Clue : Rocketing MES researches since mid 2000s
1989
(Liquete et al, 2013)
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(Nam, 2015)
Status Quo : MES, less highlighted in SDGs
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(Nam & Kang, 2009)
Promising Clue : Striving for Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning
(Belgium gov. 2012)(Chang, Yoo, Nam & Kang et al, 2007)(MOF 2011)
(UNESCO-IOC, 2009)
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• CVM application for MES valuation of Saemanguem area• Very hard to translate terms into common language
Status Quo : Ecosystem Language, not easily understood
Promising Clue : Efforts to Re-alignment of Generic Environmental Charge mechanism such as User fees, environmental taxation, environmental charge, compensation on impaired environment etc
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Status Quo : Economic Level does function as a Primary Indicator for galvanizing eco-concern
Modified from Nam & Kang (2002)
Promising Clue : SD & EBM, transformed from a global discourse to commitments by most states’ participation to legally-binding or voluntary international mechanism
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Jargon to Common Language
1. Building Concrete “Theoretical Framework” Addressing their issues : definition, function & structure, services
inventory, assessment & valuation methods, etc
2. Creation of Communication Language Nature’s initiative : science communication
Eg. environmental carrying capacity alcohol tolerance
3. From Text (description) to Context (transcription)
MES payment value-embeded (surplus-reflecting) charge system
by using conventional/familiar terms (fees, charges, taxes, deposit,
compensation etc)
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4. Accumulation of Episodic Evidences & Small-scale Successes (Quantity to Quality Transition)
Informative Materials (maps, brochures) on dynamics of Ecological & Economic Values
Linking ecosystem works (change) to socio-economic benefits (change)
E.g Masan bay, Suncheon Bay, Xiamen, Batangas bay etc
5. Valuation-based Decision Statements on a single issue/project or small-scale areas or a very controversial issue Economic feasibility assessment, environment impact assessment etc
6. Incremental/Iterative attitude for shifting legal & institutional paradigm
More focus on decision-makers than lay people at preparatory stage
Do not expect “a single shot success”
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RO Korea’s Challengeesilientcean
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Thank you for listening