Download - Ecocystem & Biodiversity Presentation
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L/O/G/O
Ecocystem & Biodiversity
Presentation
by
Mohd Muhaimin bin Nur AnuarNur Ridzwan Bin Mohd Aziz
Mohd Hanif bin Kamarudin
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PANDA EX SITU
CONSERVATION
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Press Play To Watch Sneezing Panda
Video
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Introduction To Panda
1600 in the wild (2004)
Status : endangered
Weight : 100 kg 150 kg Height : 150 cm
Pandas have the digestive system of a carnivore, but they
have adapted to a vegetarian diet of bamboos. A panda may eat 12-38kg of bamboo a day
The panda cub is 1/900th the size of its mother, one of the
smallest newborn mammals relative to its mother's size.
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Size Of Panda Compared To Human
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Habitat
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Threats
To
Pandas Survival
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Economic Development
When logging in the panda's habitat was banned
in 1998, new threats emerged, such as:
Mining and hydropower development
These activities, along with farming and road
construction, have replaced commercial logging to
remedy the revenue loss from the ban and becamethe major threats to forests and wildlife in the
area.
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Ineffective Reserves
Although there are a number of established
reserves in the pandas habitat range, in the
past there had been little in the way ofeffective management and enforcement.
As such, the ecological integrity of these
areas has continued to decline as a result ofillegal logging and poaching.
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Illegal Harvesting
In the Minshan Mountains, there are over 5,000 plant
species and 75% are used in Chinese traditional
medicine.
The mountains are also home to over 300,000 people,
many of whom live in poverty, and they rely on the
harvesting of traditional medicines as an important
source of income. However, harvesting has disturbed the panda habitat and
has led to the extinction of local plant species.
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Poaching
Some poaching of pandas still occurs, and even
low levels of poaching can have grave
consequences for such an endangered species.
Poaching incurs a 10 year jail sentence and
although it is rare for poachers to intentionally kill
a panda, some are injured or killed in traps andsnares set for other animals, such as musk deer
and black bears.
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Before we continue with Ex-situ
conservation definition..lets watch video
of Panda s eating bamboo in Beijing zoo,China
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Panda Ex-situ Conservation
What is Ex situ conservation?
Ex situ conservation is the conservation and
maintenance of samples of living organismsoutside their natural habitat, in the form of
whole plants, seed, pollen, vegetative
propagules, tissue or cell cultures.
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Purpose of Ex situ conservation
Rescue threatened germplasm.
Produce material for conservation biology research.
Bulk up germplasm for storage in various forms of
ex situ facility.
Supply material for various purposes to remove orreduce pressure from wild collecting.
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Grow those species with recalcitrant seeds
that cannot be maintained in a seed store.
Make available material for conservationeducation and display.
Produce material for reintroduction,
reinforcement, habitat restoration and
management.
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Important Things To Remember About Ex
Situ Conservation
Ex situ collections of living organisms (living
collections, seed banks, pollen, vegetative
propagules, tissue or cell cultures) need to bemanaged according to strict scientific and
horticultural standards to maximise their
value for conservation purposes.
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Thus they need to be correctly identified,
documented and managed and an efficient
information management system put in place.Integrated conservation management can also
ensure that ex situ collections can support in
situ conservation, through habitat restorationnad species recovery.
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More About Ex Situ Conservation..
Zoos and botanical gardens are the most conventional methods of ex-situ
conservation.
These facilities provide not only housing and care for specimens of
endangered species, but also have an educational value.
They inform the public of the threatened status of endangered species and
of those factors which cause the threat, with the hope of creating public
interest in stopping and reversing those factors which jeopardize a species'
survival in the first place.
They are the most publicly visited ex-situ conservation sites, with the WZCS(World Zoo Conservation Strategy) estimating that the 1100 organized zoos
in the world receive more than 600 million visitors annually
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Endangered plants may also be preserved in part through
seedbanks or germplasm banks.
The term seedbank sometimes refers to a cryogenic laboratory
facility in which the seeds of certain species can be preservedfor up to a century or more without losing their fertility.
It can also be used to refer to a special type of arboretum where
seeds are harvested and the crop is rotated.
For plants that cannot be preserved in seedbanks, the only otheroption for preserving germplasm is in-vitro storage, where
cuttings of plants are kept under strict conditions in glass tubes
and vessels.
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Endangered animal species are preserved using similar
techniques. The genetic information needed in the future
to reproduce endangered animal species can be preserved
in genebanks, which consist of cryogenic facilities usedto store living sperm, eggs, or embryos.
The Zoological Society of San Diego has established a
"Frozen zoo" to store such samples using moderncryopreservation techniques from more than 355 species,
including mammals, reptiles, and birds.
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Showy Indian clover, Trifolium amoenum, is an example of a
species that was thought to be extinct, but was rediscovered in
1993 by Peter Connors in the form of a single plant at a site in
western Sonoma County. Connors harvested seeds and grew specimens of this critically
endangered species in a controlled environment.
The Wollemi Pine is another example of a plant that is being
preserved via ex-situ conservation, as they are being grown innurseries to be sold to the general public.
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Drawbacks of Ex-Situ Conservation
It is rarely enough to save a species from extinction. It is to be used as a
last resort, or as a supplement to in-situ conservation because it cannot
recreate the habitat as a whole: the entire genetic variation of a species, its
symbiotic counterparts, or those elements which, over time, might help a
species adapt to its changing surroundings.
Ex-situ conservation removes the species from its natural ecological contexts,
preserving it under semi-isolated conditions whereby natural evolution and
adaptation processes are either temporarily halted or altered by introducingthe specimen to an unnatural habitat.
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In the case of cryogenic storage methods, the preserved
specimen's adaptation processes are frozen altogether.
The downside to this is that, when re-released, the
species may lack the genetic adaptations and mutations
which would allow it to thrive in its ever-changing
natural habitat.
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It is often costly, with cryogenic storage being
economically infeasible in most cases since species stored
in this manner cannot provide a profit but instead slowly
drain the financial resources of the government ororganization determined to operate them.
Seedbanks are ineffective for certain plant genera with
recalcitrant seeds that do not remain fertile for longperiods of time.
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Diseases and pests foreign to the species, to which the
species has no natural defense, may also cripple crops of
protected plants in ex-situ plantations and in animals
living in ex-situ breeding grounds. These factors, combined with the specific environmental
needs of many species, some of which are nearly
impossible to recreate by man, make ex-situ conservationimpossible for a great number of the world's endangered
flora and fauna.
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to know more about ex-situ
conservation..lets meet jyang
jyangthe panda cub invienna zoo in tiergarten
schnbrunn, vienna, austria...
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Hi everybody..im jyang
jyang..just press play
button to watch video
about me..
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More Info About Jyang Jyang
A female panda
lives at Zoo Vienna since March 14, 2003 Mated with a male panda, Long Hui and have
male cub named Fu Long
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Jyang jyangLong Hui
Fu Long
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Panda In Zoo Outside China
On Februari 8, 1937 Su Lin, the first giant panda
outside of China, arrived at the Brookfield Zoo,
Chicago, U.S.A.
Today, there are 35 giant pandas who live in
zoos outside of China. These animals live in 14zoos in 9 countries.
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14 Zoos Around The World With Panda
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Bao Bao
born in September 1978 in the wild, China
lives at Zoo Berlin since November 5, 1980
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Xiu Hua
born on June 25, 1985 in Mexico City, Mexico
lives at Chapultepec Zoo since June 25, 1985
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Shuan Shuan
born on June 15, 1987 in Mexico City, Mexico
lives at Guadalajara Zoo since July 8, 2010
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Xin Xin
born on July 1, 1990 in Mexico City, Mexico
lives at Chapultepec Zoo since July 1, 1990
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Ei Mei
born on September 14, 1992 in Beijing, China
lives at Adventure World since September 6,1994
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Bai Yun
born on September 7, 1991 in Wolong, China
lives at San Diego Zoo since September 10,1996
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Yang Yang
born on September 9, 1997 in Chengdu, China
lives at Zoo Atlanta since November 5, 1999
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Lun Lun
born on August 25, 1997 in Chengdu, China
lives at Zoo Atlanta since November 5, 1999
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Rau Hin
born on September 6, 2000 in Shirahama,
Japan lives at Adventure World since September 6,
2000
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Tian Tian
born on August 27, 1997 in Wolong, China
lives at National Zoo since December 6, 2000
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Mei Xiang
born on July 22, 1998 in Wolong, China lives at National Zoo since December 6, 2000
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Ko Ko
born on September 14, 1995 in Wolong, China
lives at Kobe Oji Zoo since December 9, 2002
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Long Hui
born on September 26, 2000 in Wolong, China lives at Zoo Vienna since March 14, 2003
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Le Le
born on July 18, 1998 in ChongQing,China
lives at Memphis Zoo since April 7, 2003
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Ya Ya
born on August 3, 2000 in Beijing, China lives at Memphis Zoo since April 7, 2003
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Chuang Chuang
born on August 6, 2000 in Wolong, China
lives at Chiang Mai Zoo since October 12,2003
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Lin Hui
born on September 28, 2001 in Wolong,
China lives at Chiang Mai Zoo since October 12,
2003
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Su Lin
born on August 2, 2005 in San Diego, U.S.A.
lives at San Diego Zoo since August 2, 2005
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Bing Xing
born on September 1, 2000 in Chengdu,
China lives at Zoo Madrid since September 7, 2007
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Hua Zuiba
born on September 16, 2003 in Chengdu,
China lives at Zoo Madrid since September 7, 2007
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Xi Lan
born on August 30, 2008 in Atlanta, U.S.A. lives at Zoo Atlanta since August 30, 2008
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Mei Hin & Ei Hin
born on September 13, 2008 in Shirahama,
Japan live at Adventure World since September 13,
2008
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Lin Ping
born on May 27, 2009 in Chiang Mai,
Thailand lives at Chiang Mai Zoo since May 27, 2009
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Yun Zi
born on August 5, 2009 in San Diego, U.S.A.
lives at San Diego Zoo since August 5, 2009
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Wang Wang
born on August 31, 2005 in Wolong, China
lives at Adelaide Zoo since November 28,2009
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Funi
born on August 23, 2006 in Wolong, China lives at Adelaide Zoo since November 28,
2009
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Purpose of the Panda Reserves
Protect the forest or habitat of the pandas
Protect bamboo, the pandas' major food source
Provide corridors for panda migrations betweenhabitat areas
Patrol the reserves to prevent poaching and
logging Patrol the reserves to search for sick or injured
pandas
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Take sick or injured pandas to nearest panda hospital for
care
Conduct research on panda behavior, mating, breeding,
diseases, etc.
Educate tourist and visitors about panda protection
Support communities adjacent to the reserves to minimize
the need to use the panda habitat for their livelihood Educate local residents about the value of conserving the
pandas and how tourism to the region is beneficial
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Before we continue to strategies for
pandas conservation..lets watch some
pandas fighting video..
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STRATEGIES FOR
PANDAS CONSERVATION
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In Asia
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In Asia
In China, many zoos and breeding centers in China house giant
pandas. These include:
Beijing Zoo home of the internationally notorious Gu Gu.
Bifengxia Panda Base Ya'an, Sichuan home to U.S. born giantpandas Mei Sheng (M), Hua Mei (F), and Tai Shan (M).
China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda at
the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Seventeen cubs
were born here in 2006. Ocean Park, Hong Kong home to Jia Jia (F), An An (M), Le Le
(M), and Ying Ying (F).
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Other places in Asia Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan home
to Tuan Tuan (M) and Yuan Yuan (F).
Chiang Mai Zoo, Chiang Mai, Thailand home to Chuang
Chuang (M), Lin Hui (F), and Lin Bing, a female cub bornMay 27, 2009
Oji Zoo, Kobe, Hygo home of Kou Kou (M), Tan Tan
(F) River Safari, a new park under Wildlife Reserves
Singapore, Singapore - to receive two pandas in 2012
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In Australia
Adelaide Zoo, Adelaide home to Wang Wang
(M) and Funi (F).
They arrived on November 28, 2009 and wenton display on December 14.
They are expected to stay for a minimum of
10 years, and are the only Giant Pandasliving in the Southern Hemisphere.
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The Edinburgh Zoo is currently in negotiations
with the Wolong Nature Preserve to obtain two
Giant Pandas.
Zoologischer Garten Berlin, Berlin, Germany home
ofBao Bao, age 27, the oldest male panda living
in captivity; he has been in Berlin for 25 years
and has never reproduced.
North America
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North America
As of 2007, five major North American zoos have Giant Pandas:
San Diego Zoo, San Diego, California home ofBai Yun (F), Gao
Gao (M), Su Lin (F), Zhen Zhen (F), and Yun Zi (M).
US National Zoo, Washington, D.C. home of Mei Xiang (F) andTian Tian (M).
Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia home of Lun Lun (F), Yang Yang
(M) and Xi Lan (M)
Memphis Zoo, Memphis, Tennessee home of Ya Ya (F) and LeLe (M)
R h
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-Researchers have been able to develop an accurate
picture of the panda's survival status and
formulate effective measures to reverse thepanda's decline.
-Ongoing research and monitoring of pandas will bevital to the conservation success.
Research
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Camera Traps Provide A Snaphot Of
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Camera Traps Provide A Snaphot Of
The Panda At Home
Researchers in the Wanglang Nature Reserve have
attached cameras to 30 trees throughout the reserve.
The cameras are triggered by movement and snap
pictures of occasional pandas and some of the otheramazing wildlife that share the panda's habitat.
The cameras, along with new GPS technology, are
helping to create a more accurate picture of the numberof pandas in the wild.
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Snaphot OfThe Panda At Night
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Link Isolated Bamboo Habitats
To connect pandas that live in isolated pockets of
wilderness, WWF have identified zones that can be
turned into corridors of bamboo so pandas can find
more food and more importantly meet newbreeding mates.
The Chinese government, in partnership with WWF,
created 10 corridors in Qinling and Minshan.
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Pandas Movement
C ti B di
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Captive Breeding
There are currently over 200 Giant Pandas incaptivity - the majority of these are in China, withsmall populations in zoos around the world.
Breeding Giant Pandas in captivity increases
population numbers and also ensures geneticdiversity.
It also helps safeguard the species from
unpredictable events such as fire, disease ornatural disaster that can affect the primarycaptive populations in China.
B
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Buat renungan..
..
DiaDia (Allah)(Allah) menciptakanmenciptakan langitlangit dengandengan tidaktidak bertiangbertiangsebagaimanasebagaimana yangyang kamukamu melihatnyamelihatnya;; dandan DiaDiamengadakanmengadakan didi bumibumi gununggunung--ganangganang yangyang menetapnyamenetapnyasupayasupaya bumibumi ituitu tidaktidak menghayunmenghayun--hayunkanhayunkan kamukamu;; dandanDiaDia biakkanbiakkan padanyapadanya pelbagaipelbagai jenisjenis binatangbinatang. Dan. DanKamiKami menurunkanmenurunkan hujanhujan daridari langitlangit,, lalulalu KamiKamitumbuhkantumbuhkan didi bumibumi berbagaiberbagai jenisjenis tanamantanaman yangyangmemberimemberi banyakbanyak manfaatmanfaat. [. [LuqmanLuqman 3131::1010]]
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Thatsall, thank you
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Referenceshttp://www.giantpandazoo.com/home.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Panda