Download - ECO 481: Public Choice Theory
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ECO 481:Public Choice Theory
Week 5 – Part I:Week 5 – Part I:
Free & Forced Riders,Free & Forced Riders,
Dr. Dennis Foster
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The Supply ProblemThe Supply Problem • We can “imagine” the optimal level.• There still will be free riding.
pri. benefits
costs
Quantity
$
pub. benefits
• So, what is Q2?• So, how do you
decide on payment?• Tax can’t be equal
can it?• Do we know
“willingness to pay?”. Q1 Q2
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The Supply ProblemThe Supply Problem • In market, we adjust Q to make MB=MC.• There are very few purely public goods.• Markets try to transform in quasi-private goods.
– TV, radio, fenced in rangeland.
• Political determination of differing preferences.• Nobody gets what they want!• Probably lessens WTP.
• “If everyone is unhappy…”
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The Supply ProblemThe Supply Problem
Too much or too little?Too much or too little?• If benefits are long-run, under provide.• If costs are long-run, over provide.• If public accepts “publicness” and financing tied
to production, outcome is likely close to “optimal.”
• Producers of public good biased towards too much.
– Pentagon example– Schools and bus systems– Goldwater report.
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PrivatizingPrivatizing • Road pricing in Hong Kong.
– Singapore & London.
• Private roads- Stossel video• Private parks?
– Meteor Crater, Mt. Vernon, Grand Canyon Caverns.
• Education - vouchers as start.
• “Merit goods?”– Flagstaff: “amenities.”
Final Thought – The bankrupt city (Stockton)
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ECO 481:Public Choice Theory
Week 5 – Part II: Week 5 – Part II: PrivatePrivate
PropertyProperty
Dr. Dennis Foster
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What are property What are property rights?rights?
• Attributes of economic goods– A “bundle of rights.”
• A set of behavioral rules.– Defined– Defendable– Divestible
• A human right (!)– Alchian
The case of Kuapa Pond.
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Property typesProperty types
• Open access common property– First come, first served.– Tragedy of the Commons
• Common property– Limited set of owners!– “Common-pool resources” & Ostrom
• Fisheries, grazing land, elephants.
• Private property– Coase Theorem, how to deal with externalities– ““Without property rights, there are only two solutions to Without property rights, there are only two solutions to
conflict over scarce resources: violence or politics.”conflict over scarce resources: violence or politics.”
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Establishment of rightsEstablishment of rights
• Natural rights– Locke, rights pre-date government.
• Role of gov’t. is to protect these rights.
– Ryan & rights
• Utility-based– Government regulations … taxing, banning, controlling
• AZ sales tax, kidney sales, eminent domain• Kelo v. New London (video); AZ case• Wetlands (Stossel video; 7 min. mark)• “Rent extraction” as ultimate threat.
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ECO 481:Public Choice Theory
Week 5:Week 5:
– Part I: Free & Forced Riders – Part I: Free & Forced Riders
Part II: Private PropertyPart II: Private Property
Dr. Dennis Foster