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TOPIC EBOLA VIRUS
PRESENTED BY
DR. AMIR SOHAIL KHATTAK
B.SC VISION SCIENCES(PICO)
BANNU MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANNU
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
LIFE CYCLE
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION
MAJOR OUTBREAKS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
LABORTARY INVESTIGATION
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
POSSIBLE TREATMENT
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INTRODUCTION•First identification 1976, Sudan, D.R Congo(Zaire) •Order Mononegavirales, Enveloped,non-segmented, negative strand RNA viruses. approx. 19 kb in length (1 kb = 1000 RNA bases per nucleotides) or 60-80 nm in diameter. “spikes” due to glycoprotein on outside membrane
Family Filoviridae Ebolavirus(1976) Marburgvirus(1967) Cuevavirus (2002)
SPECIES Zaire ebolavirus: 1976, D.R of Congo. Sudan ebolavirus: 1976, Sudan. Bundibugyo ebolavirus: 2007, Uganda. Taї Forest ebolavirus 1994, Ivory Coast Reston ebolavirus: 1989, Philippines.
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LIFE CYCLE OF EBOLA VIRUS
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS•Incubation period 8-10 days •Sudden onset of Fever >38.60C •Flu-like symptoms: chills, sore throat •Nausea, vomiting , abdominal pain, diarrhea •chest pain, shortness of breath and cough •Headache, confusion and coma• Rash occurs around day 5 •Hypotension, peripheral edema •Bleeding manifestations develop in >50% (internal/external) •hemorrhage, uncontrolled bleeding and massive GI blood loss•uvietis•Multi-organ dysfunction : kidneys and Liver•Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia•Elevated transaminases ,Reduced albumin
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OUTBREAKS
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LABORTARY INVESTIGATION
National medical labortary conducts PCR testing for 2 Ebola virus targets:
• Polymerase gene
• Nucleoprotein gene
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PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Improving living conditions
Avoid contacts with suspected persons
Testing before exporting and importing of goods
Avoid needle stick injury.
Tests before blood transfussion
Post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccines
prenatal care, vaccination
gloves usage during surgery
proper sterilization and disposal of all equipment
isolating infected individuals
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TREATMENTNo specific treatment
Antiviral drugs
Terose perfume
Gene therapy-Small interfering RNAs+ Adenosine analogue, inhibits viral RNA polymerase function
Sarepta
Binds to viral RNA and stops replication
PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE
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