Download - East timor
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East Timor
Azita and Selina
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East Timor Mountainous island 430 km west of Darwin Capital city – Dili Official languages – Tetum and Portuguese Working languages – Indonesian and English At beginning, West Timor occupied by Dutch and
East Timor by Portuguese Later annexed by Indonesia Voted for independence in 1999 Gained independence in 2002
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Conflicts in East Timor
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Conflicts in East Timor
Civil war between Fretilin and UDT, August 1975
Operasi Seroja, December 1975 Santa Cruz massacre, 1991 Indonesian campaign of terror, 1999 Dili crisis, 2006
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Civil war
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Civil warAugust 1975
Secret Indonesian propaganda campaign Operasi Komodo divides supporters of UDT and Fretilin
UDT fears coup from Fretilin and stages own in Dili
Fretilin overcomes UDT’s attempt to push away Fretilin supporters
Fretilin declares independence of East Timor on 28th November 1975
Indonesia responds with “Balibo Declaration”, for unity of Indonesia and East Timor
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Operasi Seroja
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Operasi SerojaDecember 1975
Began 7th December, 1975 Largest military operation carried out by Indonesia Political instability and fight against communism used
as excuses to invade Indonesian troops shoot East Timorese in cities, loot
houses and rape women and girls 2000 people killed in Dili in first week Many more put to death East Timor made Indonesia’s 27th province Annexation unrecognised by UN
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Santa Cruz massacre
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Santa Cruz massacreNovember 1991
Independence supporter Sebastião Gomes is shot by Indonesian troops
East Timorese hold peaceful protest on the way to Gomes’ memorial service on 12th November
Indonesian troops open fire on mourners as they enter the cemetery
Cemetery is sealed off and injured East Timorese are left to die
Journalists witness and capture footage of massacre and smuggle it to Australia
Indonesian authorities pass shootings off as a “misunderstanding” while politicians and officials justify violence
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“People were ripped apart. The troops just kept shooting, moving their guns from left to right, killing
anyone still standing.”
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Indonesian campaign of terror
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Indonesian campaign of terror1999
East Timorese are permitted to vote between autonomy and independence
Almost all eligible voters vote in referendum Majority vote on independence (78.5%) Militia supported by Indonesia rampage through East
Timor INTERFET is established Australia leads international intervention force to stop
killings Indonesia withdraws troops and allows intervention
force to stabilise conditions
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Dili crisis
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Dili crisis2006
East Timorese troops from the West complain of discrimination using a petition
Almost 600 soldiers desert barracks Deserters refuse to obey order to return to army Petitioners relieved of duty Peaceful demonstration held in Dili by former soldiers and
supporters Protest becomes violent and continues FDTL arrive and shoot civilians in crowd while fighting rebels Major Alfredo Reinado and followers desert FDTL in protest of
“deliberate murder of civilians” Government promises to compensate former soldiers with
wages Majority of rebels surrender
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Australia’s involvement in East Timor
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Australia’s involvement in East Timor Did not recognise Fretilin’s declaration of independence
in 1975 Did not oppose idea of annexation of East Timor in
1975 Did not attempt to intervene in invasion in 1975 Attempted to confiscate footage of Santa Cruz
massacre Howard government changed position from no support
of East Timorese self-determination Troops led international intervention force in 1999 to
stop killings Helped to create good conditions for East Timor to gain
independence
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Australia’s involvement in East Timor cont. Committed 5500 troops to and led INTERFET Public approved of support of East Timor Convinced Thailand, Singapore, Philippines and Malaysia to
join INTERFET Had 440 troops stay in East Timor with UN peacekeeping
force in 2004 Led ISF to stabilise situation in Dili’s 2006 crisis Soldiers and police trained East Timor’s army and police
force Supported (as ISF) but was not part of UN Integrated Mission
in Timor-Leste Currently has troops stationed in Dili for “as long as is
necessary” Gave $123.7 million for aid in 2011-2012
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Importance of East Timor’s stability to Australia
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Importance of East Timor’s stability to Australia Conflicts in East Timor require more Australian
troops and funding to respond Could also potentially mean more loss of
Australian lives Instability could increase number of migrants Support of East Timor in conflict might harm
relations with Indonesia Fragility of law and government means it could
become a base for transnational crime and terrorism
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The end