Download - EASE 2014 - Cochrane's translation strategy
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COCHRANE’S TRANSLATION STRATEGYSustainable large-scale translation of Cochrane Reviews for local language users: finding an approach to support productivity and quality control
EASE 2014, Split
Juliane Ried & Harriet MacLehose Translations Co-ordinator & Senior Editor
Cochrane
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Overview
1- Introduction
2- Challenges
3- Key approaches
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1- INTRODUCTION
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About The Cochrane Collaboration
"It is surely a great criticism of our profession that we have not organised a critical summary, by specialty or subspecialty, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomised controlled trials.” Archie Cochrane, 1979
Photo: Cardiff University Library, Cochrane Archive, University Hospital Llandough
Introduction
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Introduction
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199377 people
from 9 countries
2014>30,000 people
from >120 countries
Cochrane Review Groups, Methods Groups, Consumers, Fields, Centres and Branches, Steering Group, Central Executive Team
Introduction
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GOAL 1: Producing evidence
To produce high-quality, relevant, up-to-date systematic reviews and other synthesised research evidence to inform health decision making.
GOAL 2: Making our evidence accessible
To make Cochrane evidence accessible and useful to everybody, everywhere in the world.
GOAL 3: Advocating for evidence
To make Cochrane the ‘home of evidence’ to inform health decision making, build greater recognition of our work, and become the leading advocate for evidence-informed health care.
GOAL 4: Building an effective & sustainable organisation
To be a diverse, inclusive and transparent international organisation that effectively harnesses the enthusiasm and skills of our contributors, is guided by our principles, governed accountably, managed efficiently and makes optimal use of its resources.
InternationalNon-for-profitIndependent
Introduction
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Cochrane Systematic Reviews
A systematic review attempts to identify, appraise and synthesize all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question. Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit methods aimed at minimizing bias, in order to produce more reliable findings that can be used to inform decision-making.
Healthcare practitioners, policy-makers, patients and carers, researchers
Introduction
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Blue = Cochrane ReviewsRed = Updated Cochrane ReviewsOrange = Cochrane Protocols (prepared before starting a Cochrane Review)
Introduction
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Supported by 53 Cochrane Review Groups/ editorial teams
Introduction
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Structured articles
Standards for methods and reporting
Introduction
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Structured articles
Standards for methods and reporting
Introduction
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Why translations?
Introduction
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Why translations?
Introduction
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Why translations?
Introduction
UK USA AUS CA
Other
Cochrane contributors by country
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Why translations?
Introduction
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Why translations?
Introduction
Mar-1
2
Apr-12
May-1
2
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-1
2
Nov-12
Dec-12
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-1
3
Apr-13
May-1
3
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-1
3
Nov-13
Dec-13
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-1
40
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Monthly access to translations on our consumer portal, Cochrane Summaries
French Spanish
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Translation to date
Introduction
• Local and regional initiatives• Funded vs. volunteer projects• Different work flows• Professional translators vs. content experts
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Cochrane’s Strategy to 2020
Introduction
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2- CHALLENGES
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¿Hablas Cochrane?
Challenges
French
Japanese
Spanish
IndonesianChinese (Trad.)
Malay
Portuguese
Russian
Tamil
Thai
Urdu
ArabicChinese (Simpl.)
Croatian
German? ?
Korean
Farsi
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Reviews are long & specialised,and there are many
• Limit to abstract & plain language summaries• Prioritise topics• Involve content experts
Challenges
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Our content changes all the time
Challenges
Blue = ReviewsRed = UpdatesOrange = Protocols
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What about quality?• Involve content experts• Establish a translation process with at least two
independent steps (e.g. translation & post-editing)• Check translations against the original• Have a named person or team sign off on each translation• Develop glossaries for consistency of terms and phrases
(methods & health)• Train translators and editors, and evaluate
Challenges
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Bringing order into the chaos & increasing capacity
Central support and infrastructure for translation management and publication (in line with our editorial work flows)
Challenges
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Making our translations accessible
Multi-language web presence & search
Challenges
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Sustainability
Challenges
Annual cost of Spanish and French projects:
up to 500,000 Euros
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3- MAIN APPROACHES
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How do we translate?
Statistical machine translation • Software programmed and trained to translate Cochrane
content• Making use of existing translations and other relevant
corpora• Our specialised and repetitive content plays to our favour• Facilitates translation of updated Reviews
Main approaches
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Main approaches
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How do we translate?
Statistical machine translation • Software programmed and trained to translate Cochrane
content• Making use of existing translations and other relevant
corpora• Our specialised and repetitive content plays to our favour• Facilitates translation of updated Reviews
But: We still need humans!
Main approaches
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How do we translate?
Main approaches
Crowdsourcing
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How do we translate?
Crowdsourcing
– but what’s in it for the translators?• Participation in / contribution to Cochrane• Acknowledgement with published translations• Certificates• University credits• Investment return?
Main approaches
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Simplified and standardised content
“Accessible language: We will simplify and standardise the language used across our content to improve readability and reduce ambiguity.”
Why? • Make it easier to read• Make it easier to translate• Help train machine translation software (e.g. more times
same phrase used = increased confidence in machine translation)
Main approaches
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Plain English
Structured approach
ASD Simplified Technical English
Plain English Campaign
GET-IT
Translation glossaries
Cochrane Style Guide
Cochrane Plain Language Summary
standards
Cochrane structured sentences for
standard reporting
Main approaches
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How will we measure success?
• Guidelines have been developed for Cochrane Reviews of interventions, specifically for Plain Language Summaries, Abstracts, and Authors’ Conclusions
• Reduction in time taken to translate Plain Language Summaries, Abstracts, and Authors’ Conclusions
• Implementation and evaluation
Main approaches
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Cochrane’s translation strategy
Sustainable approaches to translation
Support & infrastructure to facilitate high quality translation and
accessible publication
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¡Hablo Cochrane!
French
Japanese
Spanish
Indonesian Chinese (Trad.)
Malay
Portuguese
Russian
Tamil
Thai Urdu
Arabic
Chinese (Simpl.)Croatian
GermanKorean
Farsi
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Thank you!
Cochrane’s translation strategy, Jan 2014
http://www.cochrane.org/community/development-projects/translation-strategy
PLOS Medicine, Sept 2013