Identifying Essential Identifying Essential InformationInformation
Read pages 183-186Read pages 183-186 Using any note taking technique we have Using any note taking technique we have
used in classused in class IdentifyIdentify
LeadersLeaders AccomplishmentsAccomplishments DeclineDecline
of the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empireof the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire
Maurya EmpireMaurya Empire
From 321-200 BC –From 321-200 BC – Chandragupta Maurya founded empireChandragupta Maurya founded empire Major AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments
United Northern Plains – large empireUnited Northern Plains – large empire Government – tax collecting, trade, militaryGovernment – tax collecting, trade, military Architecture – buildings, palacesArchitecture – buildings, palaces Economy – irrigation, tradeEconomy – irrigation, trade Religion – spread of BuddhismReligion – spread of Buddhism
Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.
Brought empire to height of its powerBrought empire to height of its power
Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.
Brought empire to height of its power + unitedBrought empire to height of its power + united Military powerMilitary power He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the
mass deaths of the war of Kalinga mass deaths of the war of Kalinga Tolerance “All faiths deserve to be honored for Tolerance “All faiths deserve to be honored for
one reason or another”one reason or another” Promoted BuddhismPromoted Buddhism
spread to missionaries to China and Southeast Asia spread to missionaries to China and Southeast Asia = diffusion – built stupas= diffusion – built stupas
Asoka
Sanchi Gate and Stupa, built at time of Asoka
Asoka's Major Rock Edict at Junagadh contains inscriptions by Asoka
The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 269 BCE to 231 BCE.These inscriptions are dispersed throughout the areas of modern-day Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan and represent the first tangible evidence of Buddhism. The edicts describe in detail the first wide expansion of Buddhism through the sponsorship of one of the most powerful kings of Indian history.
Asoka
The four animals in the Lion Capital are believed to symbolize different phases in Lord Buddha’s life.. National Emblem of India
Asoka
Sanchi Gate and Stupa, built at time of Asoka
Ashoka's Major Rock Edict at Junagadh contains inscriptions by Ashoka
DeclineDecline
After Asoka’s death empire lasted 50 After Asoka’s death empire lasted 50 more yearsmore years
Followed by 500 years of unrest with Followed by 500 years of unrest with many invadersmany invaders
Gupta EmpireGupta Empire From 320-535 AD – Northern India From 320-535 AD – Northern India
Trade = Peace and prosperity Trade = Peace and prosperity
Leader: Chandragupta ILeader: Chandragupta I Major AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments
Government – well organizedGovernment – well organized Art & Architecture – buildings, palaces, paintings of Art & Architecture – buildings, palaces, paintings of
daily life, literaturedaily life, literature Mathematics – “0”, size/shape earth, Arabic numeralsMathematics – “0”, size/shape earth, Arabic numerals Trade – with Arabs = diffusionTrade – with Arabs = diffusion
DeclineDecline
Conquered by the Huns from Central Conquered by the Huns from Central AsiaAsia
1000 years of fighting among rival Indian 1000 years of fighting among rival Indian princesprinces
Muslim Expansion Muslim Expansion into Indiainto India**Second significant migration to **Second significant migration to
South AsiaSouth Asia
ExpansionExpansion Starting in 600’s Muslim invaders to Starting in 600’s Muslim invaders to
South Asia South Asia Mongols, Turks, Afghans, PersiansMongols, Turks, Afghans, Persians
Delhi SultansDelhi Sultans
Sultan -Muslim ruling monarchSultan -Muslim ruling monarch From 1200-1500From 1200-1500 No forced conversion – special taxes (jizya) on non-No forced conversion – special taxes (jizya) on non-
MuslimsMuslims Major AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments Government – toleration, military, services Government – toleration, military, services
(education, irrigation, hospitals) (education, irrigation, hospitals) Sultan Firuz TughlakSultan Firuz Tughlak
Architecture – buildings, palacesArchitecture – buildings, palaces Economy – irrigation, trade with Middle EastEconomy – irrigation, trade with Middle East Religion – Islam; cause of future conflictsReligion – Islam; cause of future conflicts
Mongol InvasionMongol Invasion
1398 – Tamerlane – 1398 – Tamerlane – Timur the LameTimur the Lame
Destroyed and leftDestroyed and left ““The lightning speed with which Tamerlane’s The lightning speed with which Tamerlane’s
armies struck Delhi was prompted by their armies struck Delhi was prompted by their desire to escape the stench of rotting desire to escape the stench of rotting corpses they were leaving behind them.corpses they were leaving behind them.
Sultans back in power for short time but Sultans back in power for short time but fragmentedfragmented
Incompatibilities BETWEEN Incompatibilities BETWEEN ISLAM AND HINDUISMISLAM AND HINDUISM
HinduismHinduism Polytheistic -worship Polytheistic -worship
many gods, many gods, caste systemcaste system born into the religion- born into the religion-
no idea of conversionno idea of conversion DietDiet cow is sacredcow is sacred
IslamIslam Monotheistic - worship Monotheistic - worship
one Godone God all people are seen as all people are seen as
equal under the eyes of equal under the eyes of GodGod
dietary restrictionsdietary restrictions proselytizers-seek to proselytizers-seek to
convert othersconvert others Creedal - statement of Creedal - statement of
beliefsbeliefs
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISLAM AND HINDUISMISLAM AND HINDUISM
Resulted in conflict and destructionResulted in conflict and destruction
Mughal EmpireMughal Empire
Also MongolAlso Mongol Persian word for MongolPersian word for Mongol
Last Muslim Empire in South AsiaLast Muslim Empire in South Asia 1527 – 1800’s: at height united most of 1527 – 1800’s: at height united most of
South AsiaSouth Asia Founded by Babur – Battle of PanipatFounded by Babur – Battle of Panipat
Akbar the Great – 1556-Akbar the Great – 1556-16051605
Golden Age of Mughal EmpireGolden Age of Mughal Empire Ruling innovations - compromiseRuling innovations - compromise
religious tolerationreligious toleration Eliminated tax on non-MuslimsEliminated tax on non-Muslims Hindus in governmentHindus in government Supported Hindu poets/artistsSupported Hindu poets/artists
Cultural BlendingCultural Blending Architecture – Indian styleArchitecture – Indian style Urdu: language – Hindi and PersianUrdu: language – Hindi and Persian
Akbar the Great – 1556-Akbar the Great – 1556-16051605
Divine Faith: combination of several Divine Faith: combination of several faiths – universal religionfaiths – universal religion Hope to end religious conflictHope to end religious conflict Died with AkbarDied with Akbar
No mass conversion to IslamNo mass conversion to Islam
Taj MahalTaj Mahal
Shah Jahan – Akbar’s grandsonShah Jahan – Akbar’s grandson Agra – mausoleum to his wife Mumtaz Agra – mausoleum to his wife Mumtaz
Mahal Mahal
Taj Mahal Mosque
Virtual Tour
National Geographic Secrets of the Taj Mahal Part 4
National Geographic Secrets of the Taj Mahal Part 1
National Geographic Secrets of the Taj Mahal Whole VidStart 1:37 – 5:25 add Shah Jahan to - Then 28:00 – 38:00
Taj MahalTaj Mahal
Year of ConstructionYear of Construction: 1631 - 1632: 1631 - 1632Completed InCompleted In: 1653: 1653Time TakenTime Taken: 22 years: 22 yearsBuilt ByBuilt By: Shah Jahan : Shah Jahan Dedicated toDedicated to: Mumtaz Mahal the wife of : Mumtaz Mahal the wife of Shah JahanShah JahanLocationLocation: Agra (Uttar Pradesh) : Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Building TypeBuilding Type: Islamic tomb : Islamic tomb
Results of MughalResults of Mughal
Diversity is the normDiversity is the norm Cultural blendingCultural blending Separation will be emphasizedSeparation will be emphasized
Mughal DeclineMughal Decline
By 1700’sBy 1700’s Wasteful spendingWasteful spending Loss of toleranceLoss of tolerance
Tax on Hindus, closed Hindu schools, Hindus out of Tax on Hindus, closed Hindu schools, Hindus out of governmentgovernment
Hindu princes revoltedHindu princes revolted Civil war among Muslim princesCivil war among Muslim princes All weakened empire = opened the door for All weakened empire = opened the door for
EuropeansEuropeans British East Indian CompanyBritish East Indian Company