Download - Early Civilizations of Ancient India
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Info Taken from:
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Canal Winchester Local School District100 Washington Street
Canal Winchester, OH 43110
Info Taken from:
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Canal Winchester Local School District100 Washington Street
Canal Winchester, OH 43110
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The Indus River Valley The Indus River Valley CivilizationCivilization
• Over 2,000 years old!• 2,500 BC developed on the banks of the
Indus River Valley• Referred to as Dravidian Culture• Or Harappan Civilization
– After one of its major cities– Lasted until approx. 1,700 BC– Near present-day Pakistan
• Borders stretch from present-day Kabul, Afghanistan to Delhi, India
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The Harappan Civilization
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I. The Indus River Valley I. The Indus River Valley CivilizationCivilization
• Hundreds of towns and two major cities:– Harappa– Mohenjo-Daro
• Large city• Well-built homes• Public buildings• Canals• City walls
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CitadelOf
Mohenjo-Daro
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Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro
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I. The Indus River Valley I. The Indus River Valley CivilizationCivilization
– Mohenjo-Daro• Craft workers used clay for beautiful figurines and
communication• Streets in a grid design
– Expected a large population– roughly 30,000 citizens
• Wall around the city• Houses had brick/stone foundations
– Houses had as many as three floors.– Several rooms, toilets, wells, drainage system with
brick lined sewers in the streets– Citizens were conveniently able to dispose of their garbage
through a slit cut into their house which would then fall into containers lined up on the street below.
• Ditches and canals for irrigation• Public bathhouse• Buildings for storing grain and holding meetings
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Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro
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The Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro
Mohenjo-Daro’s brick floored bathhouses were even designed to have dirty water drain through clay pipes into an
underground gutter system
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Bath Area, Mohenjo-Daro
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Well, Mohenjo-Daro
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Granery, Mohenjo-Daro
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pottery, Mohenjo-Daro
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Necklace, Mohenjo-Daro
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Drain, Harappa
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Unicorn Seal, Harappa
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Burial Pottery, Harappa
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Male Skeleton, Harappa
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Female Skeleton with Child, Harappa
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Harappan Writing
Undecipherable to date.
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II. The Aryan Influence on II. The Aryan Influence on South AsiaSouth Asia
• 1,700 BC—Aryans came to South Asia– Migrated through Russia and passes in the
Hindu Kush mountains• Suggests that Aryans played a role in the
end of the Harappan civilization• Aryan people and Indus River valley
civilization eventually blended into one culture
• This culture was concentrated in both the Indus River valley and the Ganges River valley
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What Happened?– The Dravidian culture,
• a civilized peaceful matriarchal empire. • This is a very good thing, but not when another
culture wants to take over control. – The Dravidians were totally unprepared for
invasion by the barbaric patriarchal tribes of Aryans.
• However the Dravidian empire did hold out for several centuries before being taken over by the Aryans.
– When the Aryans took the empire, they imposed a harsh patriarchal control over the land.
• The Aryans divided the empire into four classes and the Dravidians were at the bottom of the barrel.
– The defeated Dravidians, » now called the Shudras, » were enslaved and their only right was to serve the
upper three classes of Aryans.
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Aryan Migration
pastoral depended on their cattle.
warriors horse-drawn chariots.
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Sanskrit
writing
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The Vedas 1200 BCE-600 BCE.
written in SANSKRIT.
Hindu core of beliefs:
hymns and poems.
religious prayers.
magical spells.
lists of the gods and goddesses.
Rig Veda oldest work.Rig Veda oldest work.
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Varna (Social Hierarchy)
ShudrasShudras
VaishyasVaishyas
Kshatriyas Kshatriyas
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
BrahminsBrahmins
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The Caste System
The mouth?
The arms?
The legs?
The feet?
WHO IS…
What is a JATI?
BrahminsBrahmins
KshatriyasKshatriyas
VaishyasVaishyas
ShudrasShudras
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The Vedic Age
The foundations for Hinduism were
established!