UNIT 10: Evolution Biology I DAYSHEET 105: Unit 10 Review & Summative Evolution Assessment Name _____________________________________ Date: __________
Bellringer: Evidence for Evolution Review & Practice Questions Directions: Use your reading and test-taking strategies to answer to questions below. Scientists have three specific areas of focus that provide evidence for evolution:
1. Fossils 2. Anatomy 3. Biochemistry
Fossils: Fossils are the preserved remains or imprints of an organism that lived long ago. The fossil records of animals show a pattern of development from early ancestors to modern descendants. Much like the pattern of development leading to the modern day horse below: Scientists can also use layers of undisturbed rock to determine the relative age of fossilize organisms. Fossils found in undisturbed rock layers are oldest at the bottom of the column and youngest at the top. Additionally, fossil organisms are simplest at the bottom and increase in complexity toward the top of the column.
• What are fossils? _________________________________________________________ Based on the information provided in the previous paragraph, determine the relative ages of each fossilized organism in the picture below:
1. Can you determine the relative age of the three organisms above? ______
2. Which organism is the oldest? __________________________________
3. Which organism is the youngest? ________________________________
Anatomy: Many vertebrates (organisms with a backbone-like you!) share similarities during embryonic development because they have common ancestors. Embryos are the earliest stage of growth and development in both plants and animals.
• What are embryos? _______________________________________________________
Because embryonic stages of development can be similar in many different species, we can use embryology to determine how closely related different species are to one another. Although the shark, lizard, chicken, pig, and human are not identical to one another, their embryonic cells have the same order of development, shape, and tissue structure.
• How can scientists use embryology to support evolution? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________
SOL Break: The embryonic development among the different organisms shown below is evidence of –
a. Coevolution b. Analogous structures c. Vestigial structures d. Common ancestry
Eventually embryonic similarities can give rise to HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES. Let’s do a little prefix review.
§ What does the term “homozygous” mean? ______________________________
§ What does the prefix “homo” mean? ___________________________________ We can apply the same prefix meaning to the word homologous. Homologous Structures are structures on living things that have a common origin but not necessarily a common function. Homologous structures look similar to one another. This provides strong evidence that vertebrates all descended from a common ancestor.
Let’s look at the examples below.
• What are homologous structures? ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
• Although the human, horse, cat, bat, bird, and whale forelimbs have different functions, their parts are basic structure are similar. What does this suggest about the ancestry of all these organisms? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analogous Structures, on the other hand, are different structures that perform similar functions. Environmental pressures causes organisms that are not closely related to develop structures to perform similar functions. This means that analogous structures do not demonstrate common ancestry!!! Take a look at the insect, bat, and bird wings below. They all have the same function (flight), but evolved from totally different structures.
• What type of structures demonstrates a shared common ancestor? _____________________ • What types of structures demonstrate no common ancestry? __________________________
Vestigial Structures: Many organisms also have vestigial structures, features that don’t serve a purpose in an organism’s body but are homologous to structures possessed by another organism. • Can you think of any vestigial structures found inside of you?
_______________________________________________________________
Some species of whales and snakes show vestigial remnants of their ancestors’ hind limbs.
• What do these vestigial structures suggest about the ancestors of whales and snakes?
_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ SOL Break: Comparative anatomy provides evidence to support the theory of evolution. The examples shown below suggest a shared ancestry with other animals. What are they called?
a. Vestigial structures b. Redundant structures c. Analogous structures d. Homologous structures
The blue whale has two tiny femurs (thigh bones) embedded deep within its body. these thigh bones appear to serve no useful purpose for the blue whale. The femurs of a blue whale are a type of
a. Vestigial structure b. Redundant structure c. Analogous structure d. Homologous structure
In cephalopods (such as squid and octopuses), eyes develop from skin, and the lens is a crystalline secretion of the skin cells. In vertebrates, the eyes develop from the brain, and the lens is cellular. The yes of all these organisms are examples of -
a. Vestigial structures b. Redundant structures c. Analogous structures d. Homologous structures
Biochemistry: Biological molecules also provide evidence for evolution. Comparisons of DNA and RNA of different species produce biochemical evidence for evolution. The more closely related two species are, the greater the similarity in genetic sequence. • What are the three pieces of evidence used to support evolution?
______________________________________________________________
Activity 1: Evolution Station Review Activity 2: QuizStar Summative Evolution Assessment Activity 3: Introduction to the Six Kingdoms of Life Directions: Type in the following link into your web browser:
http://tinyurl.com/chco5zv
Use the information found on this site to answer the following questions about organisms in the six kingdoms of life.
1. List the six kingdoms of life:
2. What criteria are used to place organisms into their appropriate kingdom of life?
3. List three characteristics of all organism that are placed in Kingdom Plantae:
4. What is an autotroph? Give one example of an autotroph.
5. List 2 characteristics of all organisms that are placed in Kingdom Animalia:
6. What are heterotrophs? Give one example of a heterotroph.
7. What are the two kingdoms that prokaryotes can be placed in?
8. Where are archaebacteria found?
9. Which kingdom of bacteria causes sickness in humans?
10. List 2 characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi:
11. How do plants and fungi differ from one another?
12. List 2 characteristics of the Kingdom Protista. Give two examples of a protist.
13. What do plants and protists have in common?
14. What do fungi and animals have in common?
HW 105: SOL Review Biology I Name: _____________________ Date:______________________
1. Write what each portion of the chemical formula of cellular respiration represents below: (Word Bank-‐ Oxygen, Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Water, ATP)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 à 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ___________ _________ __________ _________ __________
2. Write what each portion of the chemical formula of photosynthesis represents below: (Word Bank: Energy, Oxygen, Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Water)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light à C6H12O6 + 6O2 ___________ _________ __________ ____________ ________
Examine the diagram below, and then circle the best answer for questions 4-‐6.
3. What macromolecule did the energy come from to power the formation of ATP in the diagram above?
a. Proteins b. Nucleic Acids c. Lipids d. Carbohydrates
4. The ATP in the diagram above was created in the ___________________.
a. Mitochondria b. Chloroplast c. Golgi Apparatus d. Nucleus Transports
substances into the cell
Uses proteins
Uses energy
Transports substances from a HIGHER to LOWER concentration
Transports substances from LOWER to HIGHER concentration
Transports water
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Cell Organelles Graphic Organizer: Use your notes to complete the chart below.
Cell Organelle
Structure Function Prokaryotes?
Plants? Animals?
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Mitochondri
on
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Golgi Body/ Apparatus