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DOWN IN THE DUMPS..UP IN THE CLOUDS…
Mood Disorders
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SWINGS IN EMOTIONAL STATES THAT ARE MORE EXTREME (THAN NORMAL) AND MORE PROLONGED
(LONGER LASTING)
COMMON DISORDERSSEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER
DEPRESSIONBIPOLAR DISORDER
What is a mood disorder?
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LIFE BRINGS EVENTS THAT MAKE US SAD,
DISAPPOINTED, FRUSTRATED…
Depression
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What is Depression?
Range (5 or more symptoms)
Typically lasting 2 or more weeks (no apparent reason)
SymptomsProfound unhappiness (most of the time)Lack of interest in usual life pleasures (eating, sex, hobbies, sports, work, etc.)Weight loss/gainFatigueInsomniaFeelings of death/suicideDifficulty concentratingFeelings of worthlessness, helplessness/anxiety
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How Common is Depression?Depression is the “common cold” of mental
illness
21.3% of women seek treatment for depression at some time in lifetime.
12.7% of men seek treatment at some time in lifetime.
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Why are 2/3 of all patients women?
Women Men
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Suicide
7th Leading cause of death in USSuicide is the 2nd leading cause of death
in young people.Roughly- 1 person in 100 attempts
suicideOn average- Between 15-19 adolescents
commit suicide every day in the US (30% increase in past 18 years)
Highest range is 15-24.Women make more attempts- Men 3X
more successful
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Major Risk FactorsMajor Risk Factors Warning SignsWarning Signs
Drug or alcohol abuseA prior suicide attemptDepressionHopelessnessAntisocial or aggressiveFamily history of
suicide/bipolar disorderShame, humiliationAvailability of firearm
Withdrawal from othersSudden swings in moodRecent crisis or shockGiving away prized
possessionsDepression/hopelessnessRisk takingPreoccupation with
deathDirect threats of suicide
Suicide
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SSRI –Treatment (do antidepressants cause suicide?)
The only Antidepressant approved by the FDA is Prozac (all others contain “black box” warning)
Slight significant increased risk for suicide (approximately 2%)
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Do antidepressants work?
What is your definition of “work”?
For people with mild to moderate depression, placebos work nearly as well as antidepressants.
Dysthymia is exception (chronic conditions generally have poor response to placebo)
Why is this controversial?
Alternative treatments: cognitive behavior rational emotive Learned optimism
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Causes of Depression
Life situation/behaviorGenetic factors Substance abuseAbnormal brain chemistry (reduced
norepinephrine and reduced serotonin)= importance of serotonin
Learned helplessness (Martin Seligman)Negative self beliefs
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SymptomsSymptoms CausesCauses
Rapid Speech (push)Extreme
hyperactivityElation/GrandiosityDecreased need for
sleepFlight of ideasHarmful activities
Genes: 1987 Amish Study (why study the Amish?)
Biology (neurotransmitters in the brain)
Environmental
Bipolar Disorder= wide swings in mood from deep depression to wild elation (mania) was previously called
Manic-depression
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Establishing the line between “normal” and “clinically” abnormal depression can be
challenging
Clinicians focus on “self-report”Cyclothymia= similar to bipolar but involves less severe bouts of mania and depression. (over 2-year)
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MedicationMedication Cognitive PsychologyCognitive Psychology
Lithium (mostly for mania/suicide)
Depakote (anticonvulsants)
Anti psychotic medication
SSRI (Antidepressant)
Hospitalization (when necessary)
(1) View that says Individuals with depression see bad events as:Internal= blame themselvesStable= likely to lastGlobal= major impact(2) Aaron Beck= negative view of self(3) Martin Seligman=learned helplessness
Bipolar Treatment