Ecosystem
Biotic• Living• Lived before• Can be dead• Can be parts of living things
Abiotic• Nonliving• Have never lived• Are not dead• Are not parts of living things
Ecosystem
• All of the abiotic (nonliving) & biotic (living) factors in an area
• Biomes are made up of ecosystems
5 Major Biome Types
• Tundra• Grasslands• Aquatic• Forests• Desert
Biotic & abiotic factors determine biome classification
Biosphere
• The biosphere includes all life on earth
• Biodiversity is the degree of variation (differences) of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome or entire planet.
Biodiversity
• Why is biodiversity good?• Why is biodiversity necessary?• What happens if biodiversity is decreased?
BIOMES
• Biome Video 1• Biome Video 2
Tundra Climate• COLD!• Permafrost: a layer of permanently frozen sub
soil• Short cool summer: Ground soggy and wet• Small and stunted plants
Tundra Abiotic Factors
• Strong winds• Low Precipitation• Short & Soggy Summers• Long, cold dark winters
Desert Climate
• DRY• Many alternate between hot and cold• Organisms can tolerate extreme conditions
Desert Biotic Factors
• Cacti and other succulents• Plants with short growth
cycles• Predators: mountain lions,
gray foxes, bobcats• Herbivores: dder, antelope• Bats, birds, hawks, owls,
rattlesnakes, lizards
Desert Abiotic Factors
• Low precipitation• Variable temps.• Soils rich in minerals• Poor organic material in soil
Forest
AREA DOMINATED BY TREES• Tropical Dry Forests• Tropical Rain Forests• Boreal Forest• Temperate Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
More species than all other biomes combinedSUPER tall trees (canopy) & shorter trees
Tropical Rain Forest Biotic
Broad leaved treesFernsWoody vinesSloths, jaguars, anteaters, monkeys, toucans, parrots, butterflies, anaconda
Tropical Rain Forest Location
South & Central America, Southeast Asia, Africa, Southern Indian, Northeastern Australia
Tropical Dry Forest Biotic
• Tall, deciduous trees – dense canopy• Succulents• Tigers, Monkeys, elephants, rhinos, pelicans,
termites, reptiles
Tropical Dry Forest Location
• Parts of Africa, South & Central America, Mexico, India, Australia and Tropical Islands
Boreal Forest (Taiga)
• Northern Edge of Temperate Zone• Dense Evergreen Coniferous trees• COLD winters• Mild summers• Northern Hemisphere
Boreal Forest Abiotic
• LONG cold winters• Short mild summers• Moderate precipitation• High Humidity• Nutrient Poor Soils
Boreal Forest Biotic
• Coniferous Trees – Spruce & Fir• Some Deciduous Trees• Lynx, Timberwolves, weasels, moose, small
mammals, migratory birds
Temperate Forest Abiotic
• Cold to moderate winters & warm summers• Year-round precipitation• Fertile Soil
Temperate Forest Biotic
• Both Deciduous & Conifers Trees, Flowers, Mosses and ferns
• Deer, Black Bears, Bobcats, squirrels, raccoons, skunks, songbirds
Temperate Forest Location
• Easter United States, Southeastern Canada, Most of Europe, Parts of Japan, China and Australia
Tropical Savanna Climate
• More seasonal rainfall than deserts, less than tropics
• Cover of grasses• Isolated Trees• Large animals
Tropical Savanna Biotic
• Tall, perennial grasses, drought-tolerant and fire-resistant trees or shrubs
• Predators: lions, leopards, cheetahs• Herbivores: elephants, giraffes, antelopes,
zebras• Birds: Eagles, ostriches birds, storks
Temperate Grassland
• Mix of grasses• Fertile Soil• Most converted to agriculture • Periodic fires & grazing
Temperate Grassland Abiotic
• Warm to hot summers, cold winters• Moderate, seasonal precipitation• Fertile soils
Temperate Grassland Biotic
• A lot of grasses – most resistant to drought or fire
• Coyotes, badgers, mule deer, antelope, rabbits, prairie dogs, cattle (introduced)
Temperate Grassland Location
• Central Asia, North America, Australia, Central Europe, South America