DISCUSSION Water leaves the nozzle at a velocity with force until it hits the plate, for a flat plate the force generated is minimum return but maximum force moving that plate where it has minimal deflection. As the plate curvature increases the resultant deflection is smoother and less beating of the plate, hence the force returning increases. The angle increase will improve force until it is directly horizontal at 180 degrees where there is practically zero force applied beating the plate and maximum deflection smoothness. Newtons 3rd law explains for every action there is a equal and opposite reaction and this is proved by the results table where the increase in force arrow increases with the plates angle. Please refer to diagram below to aid my best attempt of an explanation:

The change between a stationary plate and a moving plate how I figure is the smaller the change in velocity results to a larger velocity resulting in a larger force therefore the slower the plate moves the more return force will be produced and less losses trying to move the plate. Of course this still applies to the increase to 180 degrees of angle being more efficient. It must also be assumed that if the velocities match therefore there is no change equalling 0 the force would be zero, meaning the water could never catch the plate and impact, seems a logical statement. When a plate is curved above 180 to 360-clearnace of the initial jet the return force will decrease causing collision with the jet.

It should also be noted when referring to the table that one would expect the theoretical force to be above the force measured, in both the curved and hemisphere this was not true, discrepancies no doubt. However my groups flat plate seemed ok, therefore it is likely to make allowances of mistakes for other groups. This could be because of parallax error to the white centre line where a computer could be used, rounding figures off in recorded data again human mistake. The pump has been used before which could cause a small number of anomalies therefore repeating this experiment to gather more data and using averages would ensure a higher degree of accuracy. It is clear the hemisphere is more suitable, followed by the curved plated followed by the flat plate. By the statements above the oblique plate would have been more efficient than the flat plate and less efficient than the curved with its deflection angle at 60 degrees.

CONCLUSION I have made a relationship to the angle of a stationary plate from the jet impact results and made a assumption on the efficiency of each plate stating how I had used the data found. Theory was calculated and compared to an experimental practical and in turn used in my discussion. Also I have discussed how the velocity of a moving plate affects the return forces thus completing the initial aims. I have researched and understood Newtons 3rd law and related it to the experiment, it is clear how these simple experiments prove the primary principles to turbines and engines stated in my introduction.