Download - Diphyllobothriasis
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DIPHYLLOBOTHRIASIS
Prepared byAna M. Vega Ramos
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Causal Agents:
The cestode Diphyllobothrium latum (the fish or broad tapeworm), the largest human tapeworm.
Several other Diphyllobothrium species have been reported to infect humans, but less frequently; they include D. pacificum, D. cordatum, D. ursi, D.
dendriticum, D. lanceolatum, D. dalliae, and D. yonagoensis.
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Geographic Distribution:
Diphyllobothriasis occurs in the Northern Hemisphere Europe, Soviet Union , North America, Asia,
Uganda, Peru and Chile.
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Geographic Distribution :
Fish infected with the larva may be transported to and consumed in geographic areas where active transmission does not occur.
For example, cases of D. latum infection associated with consumption of imported fish have been recently reported in Brazil
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Epidemiology:
Causes ingestion of infected, raw, fish.
Reservoir Freshwater fish or saltwater fish
Transmission Ingestion of raw fish or poorly cooked fish
Incubation time 3-6 weeks
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Life Cycle
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Clinical Features: MC asymptomatic. Diphyllobothriasis can be a long-lasting
infection (decades). Manifestations may include
abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss.
Vitamin B12 deficiency with pernicious anemia. Massive infections may result in intestinal
obstruction. Migration of proglottids can cause cholecystitis
or cholangitis.
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Diagnosis
1- Detect eggs and segments in feces2- Anaemia in blood picture
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Treatment
1- Praziquantel2- Niclosamide3- Vitamin B12
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Prevention and Control
1- Sanitary disposal of feces and sewage2- Proper cooking/ freezing of fish3- Treat infected patients4- De-worm 5- Health education
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Proper cooking/ freezing of fish
The FDA recommends Cooking
Cook fish adequately (to an internal temperature of at least 145° F [~63° C]).
Freezing At -4°F (-20°C) or below for 7 days (total
time), or At -31°F (-35°C) or below until solid, and
storing at -31°F (-35°C) or below for 15 hours, or
At -31°F (-35°C) or below until solid and storing at -4°F (-20°C) or below for 24 hours.
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