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DIE AND DIE SYSTEMS
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A die is a positive replica of the individual pre-pared tooth on which the margins of the wax patternsare finished. These are individual tooth replicas preparedfor easier handling during wax pattern fabrication andfinishing of inaccessible areas of the cast.
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Ideal Requirements of a Die System
1.The die should be easy to remove and replacedin its original position.
2.The die must be stable when placed in the cast.
3. It should be easy to mount in the articulator.
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Types of DiesBased on the design, die systems can be classified
into:
❑Working cast with separate die system
❑Working cast with removable die system.
There are three commonly used removable die systems,they are:
- Dowel pin system
* Straight
* Curved
- Di-Iok tray system
- Pindex system
-Accutrac system
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Working cast with removable die
• Dowel pin system – straight and curved
• Pindex system
• Die – locking system
• DVA model system
• Zeiser model system
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Dowel Pin Systems
Dowel pins may be straight or curved.
Straight dowel pin systems
•They are prepared using two techniques, namely the pre-pourand post-pour techniques.
Pre-pour technique•The die pins are positioned in their appropriate places within theimpression using bobby pins and sticky wax
•After positioning the pins, the impression is poured up to thelevel of the alveolar process of the remaining teeth
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Working Cast and Separate Die
SystemTwo casts are poured from a single
impression and one cast is sectioned and used as a
die and the other is not sectioned and is used as the
working cast.
The wax pattern is prepared on the die and later
transferred to the working cast.
The die is shaped and finished using an acrylic
trimmer and the portion of the die below the
cervical line is finished using a scalpel.
Sharp undercuts in the base should be avoided.
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Advantage•Simplest and easiest method
Disadvantage•The wax pattern may get distorted while
transferring it from the die to the cast.
•Proximal margins tend to get over contoured
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Working Cast with a Removable Die
System•In this system a special type of working cast is prepared
and the dies are carefully sectioned so that the individual
dies can be removed and replaced in their original
position in the cast
• Dowel pin systems, di-Iok tray systems and the pindex
systems come under this category.
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Dowel pin system
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•Separating medium is applied over the first pour and die pin andthe remaining portion of the cast is poured
•After the cast is set, the dies are sectioned by placing verticalsections on the interproximal regions of the cast using a diesectioner or a manual saw.
•Vertical sections at the interproximal regions should be madewithout damaging the contour of the adjacent teeth
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•Since the separating medium was applied before pouring
the second half of the cast, the dies can be easily
separated with vertical sections alone.
•The die is carefully separated from the cast without
chipping.
•After removing the die, a small hole will be visible in the
cast.
• This indexing hole will guide the pin into position while
replacing the die.
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•Cast of 15 mm base is placed on the drill press and drill
holes are prepared in the under surface of the base of the
cast using the pilot light as a guide.
•After making the drill holes to the required depth,
sleeved die pins are placed and cemented using
cyanoacrylate adhesive.
• Remember that the holes will not be very deep. Portion
of the pins will be projecting from the base of the cast
•After cementing the pins, a base is poured over the base
of drilled cast.
• Consecutively the dies are sectioned but not up to the
base as described in the dowel pin system.
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AdvantagesAllows accurate placement of the die pins.
DisadvantagesSpecial equipment is required.
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DIE - LOCKING SYSTEM
Single
pour
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ADVANTAGE OF DIE LOCKING SYSTEM
Extremely accurate
Re-usable trays
No pins is required
Impressions poured once
Disadvantage of die locking system Time consuming
Much cast trimming to accommodate
Wide arch
Indexing are small
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ZEISER MODEL SYSTEM
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The Accutrac System
•These dies are exclusively used in the fabrication of
laminate veneers.
This system involves the fabrication of two casts as
described in the working cast with separate die system.
•One cast (master cast) is sectioned into dies and used to
prepare the coping.
•After preparing the wax pattern, the sectioned dies are
reassembled in the master cast.
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•The master cast is blocked out with wax (filled with wax
to seal the crevices).
•The second cast (refractory cast) is duplicated from the
blocked out, sectioned, die master cast using addition
silicone.
• The second cast is poured using specially formulated
stone, whose expansion will compensate for the shrinkage
of porcelain when fired in the furnace.
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ELECTROPLATING
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WORKING CAST WITH SEPARATE DIE
(MULTIPLE POUR TECH)
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ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGE
Simple
Slightly more accurate
Easy to obtain contours – intact gingiva
No special equipment is required
No errors of seating
Impression distortion
Wax pattern transfer - inexperienced technician
fragile and complex pattern
Only elastomers
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